基于网络药理学探究磨积化浊开窍颗粒治疗肝硬化的作用机制研究

基于网络药理学手段,研究磨积化浊开窍颗粒治疗肝硬化的作用机制。方法 通过TCMSP 平台分析磨积化浊开窍颗粒的药理分子及潜在作用途径与靶点。利用OMIM、Genecard以及GEO数据库筛选肝硬化的病理靶点。利用 Cytoscape 建立“中药活性成分-分子靶点-疾病”网络,利用R包“clusterprofiler”进行GO分析,利用KEGG进行信号通路富集分析,通过RNA-seq进行免疫细胞浸润分析,通过Autodock进行分子对接。结果 共筛选出209个药物靶点,肝硬化的相关靶点1649个,交集靶基因 125个,关键基因5个,包括APOB、AR、FASN、RELA、VCAM1。分子对接提示活性成分与关键基因亲合度好。发现关键基因相关信号通路多条。结论 磨积化浊开窍颗粒可能通过靶向作用关键基因以及重要信号通路达到治疗肝硬化的目的,具有“多成分-多靶点-多通路”的特点。本研究从网络药理学角度揭示了磨积化浊开窍颗粒治疗肝硬化的分子机制,期冀对中药复方治疗肝硬化提供新的科学依据。

《手绘表现技法》模块化教学法的探索与实践

手绘教学是一个长期的过程,不可能一蹴而就,而应重视手绘的价值。深化手绘课程教学改革,消除传统教学方法的弊端,将这门课程分为三个模块,即手绘基础模块、手绘提高模块和手绘强化模块。通过这种分段组织、逐层渐进的教学过程,可以使学生由理论过渡到实践、由美术过渡到设计,进而从根本上对手绘产生理性认知,将该学习过程有效地运用于整个设计生涯。

最小化经岩骨前后路联合入路切除大型/巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤的临床观察

目的旨在描述最小化前路和后路联合(APC)经岩骨入路切除大型/巨大型岩斜区脑膜瘤(PCMs)的手术技术和临床疗效。方法2017年4月至2021年1月,对16例接受最小化APC经岩骨入路的良性(WHO分级I级)大型/巨大型PCMs(≥30 mm)患者进行回顾性分析。手术技术包括颞枕下开颅术和最小化岩骨磨除术。评估手术和临床结局、并发症及随访结果。结果平均手术时间(8.2±2.1)h。肿瘤体积由术前(26.3±10.9)cm^(3)减小至(1.3±1.9)cm^(3),15例(93.8%)患者肿瘤切除率≥90%,包括8例肉眼全切除和7例次全切除;1例获得肿瘤部分切除。术后损伤包括面部麻木2例,滑车神经麻痹1例,轻度动眼神经麻痹1例,一过性外展神经麻痹1例。无新发运动障碍。术后karnofsky功能状态改善10例(62.5%),稳定6例(37.5%),无恶化病例。结论最小化APC经岩骨入路能充分广泛显露岩斜区肿瘤,可最大程度地安全切除大型/巨大型PCMs。

闭路生料磨增产节能的措施

闭路生料磨增产节能的措施董志强，张振平山西建材学校（０３０００６）１前言近年来，由于立窑煅烧技术的不断发展和对旧窑体的扩径改造，Φ１．７×７ｍ机立窑台时产量一般可达５．４ｔ。而与之相配套的Φ１．５×７ｍ开路生料磨台时产量仅４ｔ左右，远远满足不了立窑对...

Effect of Different Laser Energy Nitriding on the Fretting Wear Performance of Zr Alloy

The zirconium(Zr)alloy fuel cladding is one of the key structural components of a nuclear reactor and the first and most important line of defense for accommodating fission products.During the operation of nuclear reactors,Zr alloy fuel cladding is subjected to extreme harsh environments,such as high temperature,high pressure and high flow rate for a long period of time.The wear and corrosion resistance of Zr alloys is important for the safe operation of nuclear reactors.Surface modification can effectively improve the corrosion and wear resistance of fuel cladding.Compared with coating technology,nitriding technology does not have problems for bonding between the coating and the substrate.Current research on surface nitriding of Zr alloys mainly focuses on plasma nitriding and ion implantation techniques.Research on laser nitriding of Zr alloy surfaces and their fretting wear characteristics is scarce.In this study,the surface of Zr alloy was treated with laser nitriding at different laser energies.The microstructure of Zr alloy treated with different laser energies and its fretting wear performance were studied.The results showed that after nitriding with different laser energies,the surface of the Zr alloy showed a typical molten state after melting,vaporizing and cooling under the thermal effect of the laser,and this state was more obvious with the increase of the laser energy.At the same time,doping of N atoms and formation of the ZrN phase led to different cooling rates in the molten zone that produced large tensile stresses after cooling.This led to cracks on the surface of Zr alloys after laser nitriding at different energies,and the crack density increased with increasing laser energy.This also led to an increase in the surface roughness of the Zr alloy with increasing laser energy after laser nitriding treatment.Due to the presence of water in the industrial nitrogen,nitrides were generated on the surface of the sample along with some oxides.When the laser energy was 100 mJ,there was no ZrN generation,and N existed mainly as a diffusion layer within the Zr alloy substrate.ZrN generated when the laser energy reached 200 mJ and above,which increased with the increase of laser energy.Due to the generation of ZrN phase and the presence of some oxides,the surface Vickers hardness of Zr alloys after laser nitriding treatment at different energies increased by 37.5%compared to Zr alloys.After laser nitriding treatment,the wear mechanism of Zr alloys changed.For the untreated Zr alloys,the wear mechanism was dominated by delamination and spalling wear,accompanied by oxidative and abrasive wear.The phenomenon of delamination and peeling decreased with the increase of laser energy.Wear mechanisms changed to predominantly abrasive wear with oxidative wear and delamination spalling.The wear volume of sample nitriding with laser energy 400 mJ was reduced by 46.5%compared with that of untreated Zr alloy.

燃煤电厂透明锅炉和智慧锅炉岛技术分析

针对燃煤电厂锅炉黑匣子和智能化程度低的问题,研究透明锅炉的相关核心技术,打造透明可视、状态在线感知、全寿命周期管控、四管泄漏预警的智慧锅炉岛,提高锅炉系统的设备可靠性、多燃料的适应性、快速变负荷的灵活性、智能运行控制的经济性。结果表明透明锅炉包括:精细化传感测量、智能化图像识别、自动化仿真、可视化直观、预测性推理等五大类技术。通过安装多个在线监测系统来监测锅炉燃烧过程中的多个参数,如煤流、煤质、风、火焰、炉膛温度、飞灰含碳、还原性气体浓度等,获取全面准确的燃烧状态在线信息,实现锅炉的实时透明可视。研发并应用宽视角全景高温火焰数字电视、透火焰壁面结焦观测、炉膛落渣识别、四管可视化防磨防爆、四管智慧运维等新一代锅炉系统的核心技术,将助力透明锅炉和智慧锅炉岛的建设。

春风细雨润心田——职业院校学生思想工作之我见

职业院校的学生思想工作,应围绕＂教书育人＂的宗旨,根据不同特征的学生因材施教,根据每个学生存在的不同文体采取不同的教育方式,或引导,或磨化,或鼓励等,一定要尊重学生,在师生平等的前提下做好学生思想工作。

Preparation and tribological performances of Ni-P-multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite coatings

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） were wet-milled in the presence of ammonia and cationic surfactant and then used as reinforcements to prepare Ni-P-MWNTs composite coatings by electroless plating. The tribological performances of the composite coatings under dry condition were investigated in comparison with 45 steel and conventional Ni-P coating, Micrographs show that short MWNTs with uniform length and open tips were obtained through the wet-milling process. The results of wear test reveal that the Ni-P-MWNTs composite coatings posses much better friction reduction and anti-wear performances when compared with 45 steel and Ni-P coating. Within the MWNTs content range of 0.74%-1.97%, the friction coefficient and the volume wear rate of the composite coatings decrease gradually and reach the minimum values of 0.08 and 6.22x10-15 m3/（N.m）, respectively. The excellent tribological performances of the composite coatings can be attributed to the introduction of MWNTs, which play both roles of reinforcements and solid lubricant during the wear process.

Dry sliding tribological behavior of Zr-based bulk metallic glass

The tribological behavior of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass（BMG） was investigated using pin-on-disk sliding measurements in two different environments,i.e.,air and argon,against an yttria-stabilized zirconia counterface.It was found that the wear of the Zr-based BMG was reduced by more than 45% due to the removal of oxygen from the test environment at two different loads,i.e.,16 N and 23 N.The wear pins were examined using X-ray diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry,scanning electron microscopy and optical surface profilometry.A number of abrasive particles and grooves presented on the worn surface of the pin tested in air,while a relatively smooth worn surface was observed in the specimens tested in argon.The wear mechanism of the pin worn in air was dominated by abrasive wear compared with an adhesive wear controlled process in the tests performed in argon.

Dry sliding wear behavior and mechanism of AM60B alloy at 25-200 ℃

Dry wear tests under atmospheric conditions at 25-200 °C and loads of 12.5-300 N were performed for AM60B alloy. The wear rate increases with increasing the load; the mild-to-severe wear transitions occur under the loads of 275 N at 25 °C, 150 N at 100 °C and 75 N at 200 °C, respectively. However, as the load is less than 50 N, the wear rate at 200 °C is lower than that at 25 °C or 100 °C. In mild wear regimes, the wear mechanisms can be classified into abrasive wear, oxidation wear and delamination wear. Delamination wear prevailed as the mild-to-severe wear transition starts to occur; the delamination occurs from the inside of matrix. Subsequently, plastic-extrusion wear as severe wear prevails accompanied with the transition. The thick and hard tribo-layer postpones the mild-to-severe wear transition due to restricting the occurrence of massive plastic deformation of worn surfaces.

Effect of electrochemical state on corrosion-wear behaviors of TC4 alloy in artificial seawater

The electrochemical and corrosion?wear behaviors of TC4 alloy in artificial seawater were studied. And the influences of electrochemical state on passive behavior, failure mechanism of passive film and corrosion?wear synergy were emphatically analyzed. The corrosion?wear analysis of the alloy was fulfilled by methods of mass loss, electrochemical testing and scanning electron microscope (SEM). It can be observed that the cathodic shift of open circuit potential and three order of magnitude increase of current density can be obtained during corrosion?wear process. Total corrosion?wear loss increases with increasing applied potential, confirming the synergy between wear and corrosion. High polarisation potential results in low coefficient of friction and high corrosion rate. The relative contribution of pure mechanical wear to total material loss deceases obviously with the increase of potential from open circuit potential to 0.9 V during corrosion?wear. Contributions of wear-induced-corrosion and corrosion-induced-wear are significant especially at higher potentials.

GRINDING TEMPERATURE AND COOLING RATE DURING GRIND-HARDENING OF 40Cr STEEL

The mathematical model of the grinding temperature is established. The grinding temperature and the cooling rate are measured in the grind-hardening process of 40Cr steel under different conditions. Moreover, the grind-hardening effects are investigated. Experimental results show that the calculated temperatures are comparatively close to the measured ones, and the required temperature and cooling rate can be achieved. Furthermore, the microstructure of the hardened zone is similar to that obtained through the high-frequency induction technique. The average hardness of the entirely hardened zone is HV670 and the thickness of the hardened layer is adjacent to 1.3 mm. It indicates that the hardening mechanism induced by the grinding heat and high-frequency heating is identical. Finally, the fine needlelike martensite is obtained.

A novel method for comprehensive utilization of sintering dust

A novel process aimed at the comprehensive utilization of sintering dust was developed by combining wetting grinding with sulfidization flotation. The mineralogical characteristics of the sintering dust and products were studied by powder wettability analysis, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and mineral liberation analyzer（MLA）. It was found that the primary lead species was laurionite and most of the particles were overwrapped with KCl. Wetting grinding was shown to accelerate the dispersion of sintering dust and transform the KCl overlay to a leachate with 20.78 g/L of K＋. A lead and silver concentrate consisting of 40.82% of Pb and 0.96 kg/t of Ag was achieved, while an iron concentrate with 60.89% of Fe was gained as tailings among sulfidization flotation. The recoveries of Pb, Ag and Fe were 89.57%, 87.85% and 88.58%, respectively. The results indicate that this method is a feasible and promising process for the comprehensive utilization of sintering dust.

Effect of individual and combined additions of Al-5Ti-B,Mn and Sn on sliding wear behavior of A356 alloy

The effect of grain refiner, Mn and Sn additions on the sliding wear behavior of A356 aluminum alloys was investigated. The microstructure and worn surfaces of the studied alloys were characterized by optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The experimental results indicate that the alloy refined by Al-5Ti-B alloy exhibits equiaxed α（Al） dendrites and performs better wear resistance compared with the alloy without the grain refiner. Moreover, the addition of Mn can change the β-Al5 Fe Si phase to α-Al（Mn,Fe）Si phase and reduce the possibility of crack formation, thus improving the wear resistance. Sn added to A356 aluminum alloy forms Mg2 Sn precipitates after heat treatment. Therefore, the unrealizable precipitation hardening Mg2 Si phase and the softening β-Sn phase can reduce the hardness of the alloy, and finally reduce the wear resistance.

Microstructure and properties of plasma remelted AZ91D magnesium alloy

The surface of AZ91 D magnesium alloy was remelted by plasma beam. The microstructure, composition, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the plasma remelted layer（PRL） were characterized. The results show that there is extremely fine and dendrite structure in the PRL at low magnification observation, which is still composed of α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12 phases. But at high magnification observation, the microstructure of the PRL is equiaxial crystalline grains with size of 3-5 μm. And also the content of α-Mg phase decreases while that of β-Mg17Al12 increases and distributes more uniformly in α-Mg matrix compared with the substrate. The hardness of the PRL is much higher than that of the substrate. There are plastic deformation, grains uprooting and tearing evidence with tiny even dimples in the tensile fracture of the PRL, which are different from the substrate. Furthermore, the surface wear and corrosion resistance of AZ91 D are improved significantly after plasma remelting.

Fretting wear and friction oxidation behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy at high temperature

The fretting wear behavior of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy was investigated with crossed cylinder contact under 80 N at 300 and 400 °C.Wear scar and debris were analyzed systematically by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that the friction logs are mixed fretting regime and gross slip regime with the magnitudes of displacement of 10 and 20 μm,respectively.Severe wear and friction oxidation occur on the material surface.A large number of granular debris produced in the fretting process can be easily congregated and adhered at the contact zone after repeated crushes.The resultant of friction oxidation is mainly composed of Fe3O4,Fe2O3,Cr2O3 and NiO.Temperature and friction are the major factors affecting the oxidation reaction rate.The fretting friction effect can enhance the oxidation reaction activity of surface atoms of 0Cr20Ni32AlTi alloy and reduce the oxidation activation energy.As result,the oxidation reaction rate is accelerated.

BONDING INTERFACE AND WEAR BEHAVIOR OF CBN GRAINS BRAZED USING NANO-TiC POWDER MODIFIED FILLER

A new kind of composite fillers,composed of Ag-Cu-Ti alloy and nano-TiC powders,is utilized to braze cubic boron nitride （CBN） grains and tool substrate. The bonding system,including the interfacial microstructure and reactive products between CBN grains and filler layer,is observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. Resistant-to-wear experiments of the brazed grains are performed. Results show that the nano-TiC powders evenly distribute in the filler layer so that the resultants grow compactly and uniformly on the surface of CBN grain. This indicates that the chemical bond is established between CBN grains and nano-TiC modified filler. Accordingly,the bonding strength of the grains is ensured. The CBN grains are worn smoothly without grain pull-out.

Electrochemical properties of nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg-Y-Ni alloys applied to Ni-MH battery

The as-cast Mg2Ni-type Mg20–xYxNi10 (x=0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) electrode alloys were prepared by vacuum induction melting. Subsequently, the as-cast alloys were mechanically milled in a planetary-type ball mill. The analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal that nanocrystalline and amorphous structure can be obtained by mechanical milling, and the amount of amorphous phase increases with milling time prolonging. The electrochemical measurements show that the discharge capacity of Y0 alloy increases with milling time prolonging, while that of the Y-substituted alloys has a maximum value in the same condition. The cycle stabilities of the alloys decrease with milling time prolonging. The effect of milling time on the electrochemical kinetics of the alloys is related to Y content. Whenx=0, the high rate discharge ability, diffusion coefficient of hydrogen atom, limiting current density and charge transfer rate all increase with milling time prolonging, but the results are exactly opposite whenx=3.

Preparation of bismuth subcarbonate by liquid ball-milling transformation method from bismuth oxide

In order to solve the problems of environment pollution and high cost in traditional process of bismuth subcarbonate preparation, a new process using ball-milling transformation method from NH4HCO3 and Bi2O3 was proposed. Additionally, the kinetics of bismuth subcarbonate preparation was studied. Effects of reaction temperature, particle size of bismuth oxide, solid-to-liquid ratio and concentrations of ammonium bicarbonate on the conversion rate of bismuth oxide were studied. The results indicate that the conversion rate of bismuth oxide significantly increased under the conditions of higher temperature, smaller particle size, higher concentration of ammonium bicarbonate and smaller solid-to-liquid ratio. The XRD and ICP-AES analyses show that the purity of product is high. The reaction kinetics with activation energy of 9.783 kJ/mol was analyzed by shrinking core model, and the whole transformation process is controlled by solid product layer diffusion. A semi-empirical kinetics equation was obtained to describe the conversion process.

Characteristics of microstructure and performance of laser-treated electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings

Characteristics of microstructures of electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings were investigated using SEM/EDX and XRD analysis techniques. Microhardness and wear behaviour of the coatings before and after laser crystallization were evaluated by measurements of hardnesses of coating surface and cross-section, and by unlubricated friction and wear experiments. The results indicate that it is possible to prepare electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings by sequential immersion in two different plating baths. After laser crystallization, the microstructures of electroless Ni-P/Ni-W-P duplex coatings present the characteristics of higher degree of crystallization and larger grain size for outer layer Ni-W-P than inner Ni-P, but outer layer has a higher hardness. The wear resistance of laser-treated duplex coatings in a given process parameter conditions is superior to the as-plated ones. Laser treatment was performed directly in air without argon protection, which provides the possibility for application of industrialized production.