The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with ...The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with an electrochemical work-station supplying a direct current power at potential of -0.8V （vs SCE）. The electrolyte consists of 7 mmol·L-1 CaCl2·2H2O, 3 mmol·L-1 Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O and 2.5% H2O2. NaOH and HCl solutions were used to adjust pH value. The deposited samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The comparison of the deposits obtained at lower and higher pH values demonstrates that the crystallization process at the interface is favoured by high pH value. With temperature increasing, the deposited hydroxyapatite is occasionally of plate-like shape, and the width and the length of the deposited calcium phosphates at 65 ℃ are larger than those at 55 ℃. Therefore, it is confirmed that the morphology and microstructure of electrochemically deposited calcium phosphates can be regulated. Additionally, the coating formed in electrolyte with H2O2 additive is homogeneous and the evolution of H2 bubble can be eliminated.展开更多
The solubilization of hardly soluble aluminum phosphate （AlPO4） by specific Penicillium spp. isolated from wheat rhizospheric soils was investigated in Pikovskaya agar and liquid medium, respectively. Most of the Pe...The solubilization of hardly soluble aluminum phosphate （AlPO4） by specific Penicillium spp. isolated from wheat rhizospheric soils was investigated in Pikovskaya agar and liquid medium, respectively. Most of the Penicillium isolates except P. sirnplicissimum AP 11 and P. variabile AP 15 developed clear transparent zone around the colony margin in plate assays. Results of broth assays show that the Penicillium isolates can efficiently solubilize aluminum phosphate in Pikovskaya liquid medium, and vary in their capabilities to release soluble phosphate from aluminum phosphate. All the isolates exhibit different abilities to lower the pH and increase the titratable acidity in the broth compared to the control. HPLC analysis shows that most of the isolates except the species of P. aurantiogriseum can excrete different concentrations of organic acids, including gluconic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and tartaric acids, in the broth. The release of soluble phosphate by the isolate P. oxalicum AP2, which is the best solubilizer of aluminum phosphate among the isolates, is accompanied by a significant drop of pH and an obvious rise of titratable acidity during 7 d of aluminum phosphate-solubilizing experiments. The effects of temperature, initial pH, concentration of aluminum phosphate and shaking speed on aluminum phosphate solubilization by P. oxalicum AP2 were also investigated, and the maximum contents of soluble phosphate released are recorded at temperature 30 ℃, initial pH 6, aluminum phosphate concentration 20 g/L, and shaking speed 160 r/min.展开更多
Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extr...Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extractable P to increase along with increasing amounts oforganic C and the HCl-extractable trivalent metals in the topsoils of some less-disturbed acidsulfate soils (pH < 4.5). This suggests that inorganic P in these soils probably accumulated viabiological cycling and was retained by complexation with trivalent metals or their oxides andhydroxides. While there was no clear correlation between pH and the water-extractable P, theconcentration of the water-extractable P tended to increase with increasing amounts of theHCl-extractable P. This disagrees with some established models which suggest that the concentrationof solution P in acid soils is independent of total P and decreases with increasing acidity. Thehigh concentration of sulfate present in acid sulfate soils appeared to affect the chemical behaviorof P in these soil systems. Comparison was made between a less disturbed wetland acid sulfate soiland a more intensively disturbed sugarcane acid sulfate soil. The results show that reclamation ofwetland acid sulfate soils for sugarcane production caused a significant decrease in theHCl-extractable P in the topsoil layer as a result of the reduced bio-cycling of phosphorusfollowing sugarcane farming. Simulation experiment shows that addition of hydrated lime had noeffects on the immobilization of retained P in an acid sulfate soil sample within a pH range3.5～4.6. When the pH was raised to above 4.6, soluble P in the soil extracts had a tendency toincrease with increasing pH until the 15th extraction (pH 5.13). This, in combination with the poorpH-soluble P relationship observed from the less-disturbed acid sulfate soils, suggests that solubleP was not clearly pH-dependent in acid sulfate soils with pH < 4.5.展开更多
Soil components affecting phosphate sorption parameters were studied using acid paddy soils derived from basalt, granite, sand-shale and the Pearl River Delta sediments, respectively, in Guangdong Province. For each s...Soil components affecting phosphate sorption parameters were studied using acid paddy soils derived from basalt, granite, sand-shale and the Pearl River Delta sediments, respectively, in Guangdong Province. For each soil, seven 2.50 g subsamples were equilibrated with 50 mL 0.02 mol L-1 (pH=7.0) of KCI containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 100 mg P kg-1, respectively, in order to derive P sorption parameters (P sorption maximum, P sorption intensity factor and maximum buffer capacity) by Langmuir isotherm equation. It was shown that the main soil components influencing phosphate sorption maximum (Xm) included soil clay, PH, amorphous iron oxide (Feo) and amorphous aluminum oxide (Alo), with their effects in the order of Alo > Feo > pH > clay. Among these components, pH had a negative effect, and the others had a positive effect. Organic matter (OM) was the only soil component influencing P sorption intensity factor (K). The main components influencing maximum phosphate buffer capacity (MBC) consisted of soil clay, OM,pH, Feo and Alo, with their effects in the order of Alo > OM > pH > Feo > clay. Path analysis indicated that among the components with positive effects on maximum phosphate buffer capacity (MBC), the effect was in the order of Alo > Feo > Clay, while among the components with negative effects, OM > pH. OM played an important role in mobilizing phosphate in acid paddy soils mainly through decreasing the sorption immensity of phosphate by soil particles.展开更多
Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was...Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was used to numerically simulate the effect of ore compositions in this study. Regarding phosphate ore particles shape and composition, the effects of mineral composition, particle size, particle shape and electrodes distance were investigated on the electrical field intensity and distribution. The results show that the induced electrical field is significantly dependent on the electrical properties of minerals,the feed particle size and the location of conductive minerals in ores. The angle of material contact surface with the discharge electrode is also an important factor in the intensity of electrical field. Moreover,it is found that the specific liberation effect at the disintegration of phosphate ore by electrical pulses is due to the locality of the electrical field at the interface of mineral components of the phosphate ore aggregates with different permittivities. However, the intensity of the electrical field increases with sharpening the contact angle. Besides, the electrical discharge in the samples is converted to the electrohydraulic discharge across the surrounding water by changing the distance between the discharge electrode and sample surface.展开更多
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and automatic titrimeter were nsed to study the relation be-tween pH and the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on goethite surfaces. The results showed thatfor a given ...X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and automatic titrimeter were nsed to study the relation be-tween pH and the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on goethite surfaces. The results showed thatfor a given P concentration, increasing the pH of suspension could cause a fast transformation of monodentatecomplexes of phosphate ions on goethite surfaces to binuclear ones. When lowering the PH, additional adsorp-tion of P occurred and the binuclear complexes reverted slowly to the monodentate ones. The dissociationand association of protons of the sorbed P caused by PH changes was considered to be a major reason lewtingto the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on the surfaces. The stability of binuclear surface complexof P was greater than that of monodentate complex. The possible reactions on the interface of goethite andsolutions with pH changes, and the reasons causing the different stabilities of the two coordinate P complexesare discussed in the paper.展开更多
The instability mechanisms of the supported liquid membrane using Celgard 2500 membranes as support and tributyl phosphate dissolved in kerosene as carrier for phenol transport was studied by ele.etroehemical impedanc...The instability mechanisms of the supported liquid membrane using Celgard 2500 membranes as support and tributyl phosphate dissolved in kerosene as carrier for phenol transport was studied by ele.etroehemical impedance spectroscopy. Emulsion formation is demonstrated to be one of the main causes for the instability of supported liquid membrane in the present system. The emulsion-facilitated conditions, such as higher membrane liquid concentration, faster stirring speed, lower salt concentration and higher HLB value, would accelerate the degradation of supported liquid membrane. Other mechanisms including solubility and osmotic pressure work together to increase the membrane liauid loss.展开更多
The phosphate adsorption and surface charge characteristics of the tropical and subtropical soils derived from different parent materials in China were determined, and their relations to soil mineralogy were analysed....The phosphate adsorption and surface charge characteristics of the tropical and subtropical soils derived from different parent materials in China were determined, and their relations to soil mineralogy were analysed.The results showed that all soil phosphate adsorption curves were well fitted by Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation. The maximum buffering capacity of P ranged from 66 to 9880 mg kg-1, with an increasing order of purple soil, skeletal soil, red soil, lateritic red soil, yellow soil and latosol; and the highest value was 149 times the lowest value, which indicated great differences among these soils in phosphate adsorption and supplying characteristics. The pHo (zero point of charge) values obtained by salt titrationpotential titration varied from 3.03 to 5.49, and the highest value was found in the latosol derived from basalt whereas the lowest value was found in the purple soil. The correlation analysis indicated that the main minerals responsible for phosphate adsorption in the soils were gibbsite, amorphous iron oxide and kaolinite; and the pHo was mainly controlled by kaolinite, gibbsite and oxides.展开更多
Cobalt-based phosphate/phosphonates are a class of promising water oxidation catalysts at neutralpH.Herein,we reported a facile hydrothermal synthesis of various nanostructured cobalt phe-nylphosphonates.It is found t...Cobalt-based phosphate/phosphonates are a class of promising water oxidation catalysts at neutralpH.Herein,we reported a facile hydrothermal synthesis of various nanostructured cobalt phe-nylphosphonates.It is found that the number of hydroxyl group of structure-directing reagent iscrucial for the construction of 3D hierarchical structures including hierarchical nanosheet flow-er-like assemblies and nanothorn microsphere.These samples were characterized by scanningelectron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared,and X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy techniques.They can act as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygenevolution reaction at neutral pH.Among these,hierarchical cobalt phenylphosphonate nanothornflowers present excellent performance,affording a current density of 1 mA cm^-2 required a smalloverpotential of 393 mV.This work offers a new clue to develop high-performance metal phospho-nate/phosphate catalysts toward electrochemical water oxidation.展开更多
Chemical forms of the phosphate adsorbed on goethite surfaces and characteristics of the coordinategroups which exchange with P on goethite surfaces in solutions with different pll values were investigated.Results sho...Chemical forms of the phosphate adsorbed on goethite surfaces and characteristics of the coordinategroups which exchange with P on goethite surfaces in solutions with different pll values were investigated.Results showed that the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces changed from the dominance of monodentatecorrdination to that of bidentate one with increasing pH of the solution. By influencing types of phosphateions in solutions, pH affected the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces. The amount of OH￣- displacedby phosphate on goethite surfaces was the most at pH 7.0, the second at pH 9.0, and the least at pH 4.5.展开更多
Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecti...Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecting bone metastatic spread.Methods:Alkaline phosphatase(AKP),β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen(β-CTx),osteocalcin(OST) and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured in 76 patients with bone metastases from NSCLC and 44 normal people.Results:The level of AKP,β-CTx and BALP in patients with bone metastasis was significantly higher than in the normal people.Significant correlation was observed among bone turnover markers.The levels of BALP and OST were significantly correlated with the extent of bone metastasis.The patients with high-level CTx and low-level BALP had higher risk of pathologic fracture.Conclusion:In NSCLC patients with bone metastases,bone turnover markers can help to make diagnosis and evaluate the severity.It will have a wide range of use in clinical practice.展开更多
Into the photooxidation process, several factors such as pH, time of irradiation, dose of UV light, lamp power, contaminant concentration, turbidity of the solution and the presence of salts can interfere with the pho...Into the photooxidation process, several factors such as pH, time of irradiation, dose of UV light, lamp power, contaminant concentration, turbidity of the solution and the presence of salts can interfere with the photodegradation of pollutants. This research aims to evaluate the influence of salts： NaCl, MgCl2, CaCI2, BaC12, CuCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, CuSO4, Na3PO4, K2CrO4 and K2Cr207 in concentrations of 0.0005 M, 0.005 M and 0.05 M during photodegradation of aqueous solution of 59.5 mg/L of nitrobenzene at a pH of 2.5. It was observed that the presence of salts such as CuCI2, CuSO4, FeSO4, K2CrO4 and K2Cr207 interfere negatively in the system UV/H202 applied for degradation of nitrobenzene; possibly by oxidation of Fe2＋ to Fe3＋ and Cu＋ to Cu2＋ in the Cr case, due to the difficulty of transforming the Cr6＋ to Cr3＋ or because these solutions have color and act as radiation absorbing filter.展开更多
文摘The influences of pH value, electrolyte temperature and loading time on depositing calcium phosphate coating on pure titanium substrate by electrodeposition process were investigated. The process was carried out with an electrochemical work-station supplying a direct current power at potential of -0.8V （vs SCE）. The electrolyte consists of 7 mmol·L-1 CaCl2·2H2O, 3 mmol·L-1 Ca（H2PO4）2·H2O and 2.5% H2O2. NaOH and HCl solutions were used to adjust pH value. The deposited samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The comparison of the deposits obtained at lower and higher pH values demonstrates that the crystallization process at the interface is favoured by high pH value. With temperature increasing, the deposited hydroxyapatite is occasionally of plate-like shape, and the width and the length of the deposited calcium phosphates at 65 ℃ are larger than those at 55 ℃. Therefore, it is confirmed that the morphology and microstructure of electrochemically deposited calcium phosphates can be regulated. Additionally, the coating formed in electrolyte with H2O2 additive is homogeneous and the evolution of H2 bubble can be eliminated.
基金Project(51004078) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(NCET-11-0965) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities of China+2 种基金Project(2012FFA101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, ChinaProject(IRT0974) supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities of ChinaProject(2011CB411901) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China
文摘The solubilization of hardly soluble aluminum phosphate （AlPO4） by specific Penicillium spp. isolated from wheat rhizospheric soils was investigated in Pikovskaya agar and liquid medium, respectively. Most of the Penicillium isolates except P. sirnplicissimum AP 11 and P. variabile AP 15 developed clear transparent zone around the colony margin in plate assays. Results of broth assays show that the Penicillium isolates can efficiently solubilize aluminum phosphate in Pikovskaya liquid medium, and vary in their capabilities to release soluble phosphate from aluminum phosphate. All the isolates exhibit different abilities to lower the pH and increase the titratable acidity in the broth compared to the control. HPLC analysis shows that most of the isolates except the species of P. aurantiogriseum can excrete different concentrations of organic acids, including gluconic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, malic acid and tartaric acids, in the broth. The release of soluble phosphate by the isolate P. oxalicum AP2, which is the best solubilizer of aluminum phosphate among the isolates, is accompanied by a significant drop of pH and an obvious rise of titratable acidity during 7 d of aluminum phosphate-solubilizing experiments. The effects of temperature, initial pH, concentration of aluminum phosphate and shaking speed on aluminum phosphate solubilization by P. oxalicum AP2 were also investigated, and the maximum contents of soluble phosphate released are recorded at temperature 30 ℃, initial pH 6, aluminum phosphate concentration 20 g/L, and shaking speed 160 r/min.
文摘Forty-five acid sulfatc topsoil samples (depth < 0.5 m) from 15 soil coreswere collected from 11 locations along the New South Wales coast, Australia. There was an overalltrend for the concentration of the HCl-extractable P to increase along with increasing amounts oforganic C and the HCl-extractable trivalent metals in the topsoils of some less-disturbed acidsulfate soils (pH < 4.5). This suggests that inorganic P in these soils probably accumulated viabiological cycling and was retained by complexation with trivalent metals or their oxides andhydroxides. While there was no clear correlation between pH and the water-extractable P, theconcentration of the water-extractable P tended to increase with increasing amounts of theHCl-extractable P. This disagrees with some established models which suggest that the concentrationof solution P in acid soils is independent of total P and decreases with increasing acidity. Thehigh concentration of sulfate present in acid sulfate soils appeared to affect the chemical behaviorof P in these soil systems. Comparison was made between a less disturbed wetland acid sulfate soiland a more intensively disturbed sugarcane acid sulfate soil. The results show that reclamation ofwetland acid sulfate soils for sugarcane production caused a significant decrease in theHCl-extractable P in the topsoil layer as a result of the reduced bio-cycling of phosphorusfollowing sugarcane farming. Simulation experiment shows that addition of hydrated lime had noeffects on the immobilization of retained P in an acid sulfate soil sample within a pH range3.5～4.6. When the pH was raised to above 4.6, soluble P in the soil extracts had a tendency toincrease with increasing pH until the 15th extraction (pH 5.13). This, in combination with the poorpH-soluble P relationship observed from the less-disturbed acid sulfate soils, suggests that solubleP was not clearly pH-dependent in acid sulfate soils with pH < 4.5.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China! (No. 990719) the fund of the "Ninth Five-
文摘Soil components affecting phosphate sorption parameters were studied using acid paddy soils derived from basalt, granite, sand-shale and the Pearl River Delta sediments, respectively, in Guangdong Province. For each soil, seven 2.50 g subsamples were equilibrated with 50 mL 0.02 mol L-1 (pH=7.0) of KCI containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 25, 50 and 100 mg P kg-1, respectively, in order to derive P sorption parameters (P sorption maximum, P sorption intensity factor and maximum buffer capacity) by Langmuir isotherm equation. It was shown that the main soil components influencing phosphate sorption maximum (Xm) included soil clay, PH, amorphous iron oxide (Feo) and amorphous aluminum oxide (Alo), with their effects in the order of Alo > Feo > pH > clay. Among these components, pH had a negative effect, and the others had a positive effect. Organic matter (OM) was the only soil component influencing P sorption intensity factor (K). The main components influencing maximum phosphate buffer capacity (MBC) consisted of soil clay, OM,pH, Feo and Alo, with their effects in the order of Alo > OM > pH > Feo > clay. Path analysis indicated that among the components with positive effects on maximum phosphate buffer capacity (MBC), the effect was in the order of Alo > Feo > Clay, while among the components with negative effects, OM > pH. OM played an important role in mobilizing phosphate in acid paddy soils mainly through decreasing the sorption immensity of phosphate by soil particles.
文摘Numerical simulation of the electrical field distribution helps in-depth understanding of the mechanisms behind the responses and the benefits of the high voltage pulse comminution. The COMSOL Multiphysics package was used to numerically simulate the effect of ore compositions in this study. Regarding phosphate ore particles shape and composition, the effects of mineral composition, particle size, particle shape and electrodes distance were investigated on the electrical field intensity and distribution. The results show that the induced electrical field is significantly dependent on the electrical properties of minerals,the feed particle size and the location of conductive minerals in ores. The angle of material contact surface with the discharge electrode is also an important factor in the intensity of electrical field. Moreover,it is found that the specific liberation effect at the disintegration of phosphate ore by electrical pulses is due to the locality of the electrical field at the interface of mineral components of the phosphate ore aggregates with different permittivities. However, the intensity of the electrical field increases with sharpening the contact angle. Besides, the electrical discharge in the samples is converted to the electrohydraulic discharge across the surrounding water by changing the distance between the discharge electrode and sample surface.
文摘X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and automatic titrimeter were nsed to study the relation be-tween pH and the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on goethite surfaces. The results showed thatfor a given P concentration, increasing the pH of suspension could cause a fast transformation of monodentatecomplexes of phosphate ions on goethite surfaces to binuclear ones. When lowering the PH, additional adsorp-tion of P occurred and the binuclear complexes reverted slowly to the monodentate ones. The dissociationand association of protons of the sorbed P caused by PH changes was considered to be a major reason lewtingto the transformation of the coordinate forms of P on the surfaces. The stability of binuclear surface complexof P was greater than that of monodentate complex. The possible reactions on the interface of goethite andsolutions with pH changes, and the reasons causing the different stabilities of the two coordinate P complexesare discussed in the paper.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20676023）.
文摘The instability mechanisms of the supported liquid membrane using Celgard 2500 membranes as support and tributyl phosphate dissolved in kerosene as carrier for phenol transport was studied by ele.etroehemical impedance spectroscopy. Emulsion formation is demonstrated to be one of the main causes for the instability of supported liquid membrane in the present system. The emulsion-facilitated conditions, such as higher membrane liquid concentration, faster stirring speed, lower salt concentration and higher HLB value, would accelerate the degradation of supported liquid membrane. Other mechanisms including solubility and osmotic pressure work together to increase the membrane liauid loss.
文摘The phosphate adsorption and surface charge characteristics of the tropical and subtropical soils derived from different parent materials in China were determined, and their relations to soil mineralogy were analysed.The results showed that all soil phosphate adsorption curves were well fitted by Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation. The maximum buffering capacity of P ranged from 66 to 9880 mg kg-1, with an increasing order of purple soil, skeletal soil, red soil, lateritic red soil, yellow soil and latosol; and the highest value was 149 times the lowest value, which indicated great differences among these soils in phosphate adsorption and supplying characteristics. The pHo (zero point of charge) values obtained by salt titrationpotential titration varied from 3.03 to 5.49, and the highest value was found in the latosol derived from basalt whereas the lowest value was found in the purple soil. The correlation analysis indicated that the main minerals responsible for phosphate adsorption in the soils were gibbsite, amorphous iron oxide and kaolinite; and the pHo was mainly controlled by kaolinite, gibbsite and oxides.
文摘Cobalt-based phosphate/phosphonates are a class of promising water oxidation catalysts at neutralpH.Herein,we reported a facile hydrothermal synthesis of various nanostructured cobalt phe-nylphosphonates.It is found that the number of hydroxyl group of structure-directing reagent iscrucial for the construction of 3D hierarchical structures including hierarchical nanosheet flow-er-like assemblies and nanothorn microsphere.These samples were characterized by scanningelectron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction,infrared,and X-ray pho-toelectron spectroscopy techniques.They can act as highly efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygenevolution reaction at neutral pH.Among these,hierarchical cobalt phenylphosphonate nanothornflowers present excellent performance,affording a current density of 1 mA cm^-2 required a smalloverpotential of 393 mV.This work offers a new clue to develop high-performance metal phospho-nate/phosphate catalysts toward electrochemical water oxidation.
文摘Chemical forms of the phosphate adsorbed on goethite surfaces and characteristics of the coordinategroups which exchange with P on goethite surfaces in solutions with different pll values were investigated.Results showed that the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces changed from the dominance of monodentatecorrdination to that of bidentate one with increasing pH of the solution. By influencing types of phosphateions in solutions, pH affected the chemical forms of P on goethite surfaces. The amount of OH￣- displacedby phosphate on goethite surfaces was the most at pH 7.0, the second at pH 9.0, and the least at pH 4.5.
基金Supported by grants from the Foundation of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Centre (No.SHDC12007304)Shanghai Public Health Bureau (No.2009086)
文摘Objective:The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical application value of bone turnover markers in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients with bone metastases.Including diagnosing bone metastases,detecting bone metastatic spread.Methods:Alkaline phosphatase(AKP),β-C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen(β-CTx),osteocalcin(OST) and bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP) were measured in 76 patients with bone metastases from NSCLC and 44 normal people.Results:The level of AKP,β-CTx and BALP in patients with bone metastasis was significantly higher than in the normal people.Significant correlation was observed among bone turnover markers.The levels of BALP and OST were significantly correlated with the extent of bone metastasis.The patients with high-level CTx and low-level BALP had higher risk of pathologic fracture.Conclusion:In NSCLC patients with bone metastases,bone turnover markers can help to make diagnosis and evaluate the severity.It will have a wide range of use in clinical practice.
文摘Into the photooxidation process, several factors such as pH, time of irradiation, dose of UV light, lamp power, contaminant concentration, turbidity of the solution and the presence of salts can interfere with the photodegradation of pollutants. This research aims to evaluate the influence of salts： NaCl, MgCl2, CaCI2, BaC12, CuCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, MnSO4, FeSO4, CuSO4, Na3PO4, K2CrO4 and K2Cr207 in concentrations of 0.0005 M, 0.005 M and 0.05 M during photodegradation of aqueous solution of 59.5 mg/L of nitrobenzene at a pH of 2.5. It was observed that the presence of salts such as CuCI2, CuSO4, FeSO4, K2CrO4 and K2Cr207 interfere negatively in the system UV/H202 applied for degradation of nitrobenzene; possibly by oxidation of Fe2＋ to Fe3＋ and Cu＋ to Cu2＋ in the Cr case, due to the difficulty of transforming the Cr6＋ to Cr3＋ or because these solutions have color and act as radiation absorbing filter.
