珊瑚礁工程地质研究进展

珊瑚礁是发育于热带海洋环境中由生物作用和地质作用共同形成的地质体，是一种特殊的岩土介质类型，有着独特的工程环境特性和工程地质性质。珊瑚礁工程地质研究是现代工程地质学的一个新课题，是近年来为适应珊瑚岛礁工程建设的需求而发展起来的。介绍了珊瑚礁工程地质研究的内容及意义，综述了国内外珊瑚礁工程地质研究的历史现状及其进展，指出应将珊瑚礁体作为工程岩体，进行工程地质环境区带划分及各区带工程地质条件评价；分析礁岩体结构特征和礁体稳定性及其影响因素；分析礁体工程适宜性、地基及其环境与工程活动相互关系。针对珊瑚礁岩土的土力学特点，加强珊瑚礁颗粒破碎机理及其对工程地质性质影响机制的研究；

南海西部深水区中新世断控台缘生物礁生长演化

南海具有优良的成礁条件,但受限于资料品质,礁体结构刻画并不精细。借助新获取的高品质3D地震数据,利用地质—地球物理精细刻画技术,对南海西部深水区南部隆起断控台缘型生物礁进行了精细解剖。研究认为,礁体多具独立生长的丘状或透镜状外形,其内部礁脊和礁沟清晰可辨,垂向结构上以加积型和进积型为主。空间上,依据礁体的生长过程可归结为追补型、并进型和快步型3种类型,追补型生物礁生长速率较慢,且向陆退积生长,并进型和快步型生物礁生长速率较快,以垂直加积生长为主。礁体的空间展布形态与生长速度受海平面升降、可容纳空间变化和古地貌形态联合控制。

基于水槽模型试验的人工鱼礁局部冲淤研究

为提高人工鱼礁建设选址和礁体设计的科学性,基于试验水槽对2种人工鱼礁在粉砂黏土上的局部冲淤情况进行了物理模型试验,通过地形测量和理论分析,研究了5组不同流速条件下2种人工鱼礁礁体结构的局部冲淤情况。结果表明,在粉砂黏土底质上,流速小于0.22 m·s^−1时,泥沙扰动小,2种礁体的周围局部冲刷小,冲淤形态以礁体底板附近浮沙堆积为主,且随速度增大而增高;流速大于0.22 m·s^−1时,洗掘现象较为明显,鱼礁周围冲刷坑范围及深度随流速的增大而增加,而礁体周围泥沙堆积高度随速度增大而减小。支撑结构较为复杂的A礁冲淤现象显著且复杂,冲刷坑深度最大值位于礁体中间底部,为−15 mm,且在礁后1倍礁高处出现长尾状泥沙堆积,其在0.27 m·s^−1流速时达到最大值5 mm;而B礁冲淤现象不显著,仅在底板附近出现少量堆积与冲刷坑,但由于底板开口比较大导致B礁发生沉降。因此今后的研究应结合建设选址海域的底质及水文特征对礁体支撑结构和底板进行优化设计并进行模型试验及数值模拟,以避免礁体冲淤严重引起沉降、掩埋等现象,从而影响鱼礁建设效果。

Relationship of Stakeholders in Protected Areas and Tourism Ecological Compensation: A Case Study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China

The first step to defining the rights,responsibilities and interests of stakeholders and constructing a compensation mechanism is to identify the stakeholders and clarify their mutual relationships.Nature reserves are complex ecosystems involving nature,the economy and society.There exists a conflict between the public welfare benefits of ecological conservation and the private gains to be realized from social and economic development.There also exist in a nature reserve complex relationships among stakeholders,involving the utilization of ecological resources,ecological conservation and ecological-economic interests.The introduction of tourism brings substantial changes to the existing stakeholder benefit structure in a nature reserve.The implementation of tourism ecological compensation（tourism payment for ecological service）is a process for redefining the distribution of rights,responsibilities and profits among stakeholders and it is also an essential way to balance the interests of the stakeholders.This paper uses a case study of Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve in China to examine the characteristics of stakeholders and analyze their interests.According to the method for defining basic attributes proposed by Mitchel and other scholars,in cases of tourism ecological compensation,stakeholders can be classified as definitive stakeholders,expectant stakeholders and latent stakeholders.This paper applies these classifications and then analyzes the relationships between the rights and responsibilities of these stakeholders and how these change after the implementation of compensation.Additionally,based on the impact compensation has on different stakeholders,changes in the relationships can be analyzed and the structure of the stakeholders can be modelled.This case study of the Sanya Coral Reef National Nature Reserve illustrates the operationalization of a new mechanism for tourism ecological compensation.The paper illustrates a method for coordinating the relationships among the stakeholders involved with this national-level nature reserve.