吕叔湘教学思想转化与创生中的“示径”探索

吕叔湘教学思想中的“农业说”与“示径课堂”的基本内涵与特征高度吻合,在教学观、教师观、学生观中都强调教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用。“求真课堂”集中体现了吕叔湘教学思想视域下的“示径”原则,其演进过程正是“示径”的探索过程。

示径课堂:创建中国特色教学模式的区域实践

丹阳是个神奇的地方,近现代诞生了五位教育家:马相伯、吕凤子、吕叔湘、匡亚明、戴伯韬。丹阳弘扬教育家精神,就从学习身边的教育家入手,探寻教育家群体的精神密码,并将弘扬教育家精神和课堂教学改革结合在一起,用教育家的教学思想指导教学改革,进行“示径课堂”教学试验,深化了教学改革,育人效果越来越显著。丹阳弘扬教育家精神的经验值得关注,丹阳的“示径”教学改革经验值得学习和研究。

走向“大先生”:丹阳教育家教学思想转化与创生的示径课堂实践

“示径课堂”,是丹阳五大教育家研究成果实现课堂改革转化的行动研究,是通过课堂研究教育家思想、弘扬教育家精神、成就“大先生”的有益而有效的基层实践。阐述示径课堂的由来、定义与时代价值,解析其“有用、有趣、有意义,能反思”的教学理念,“目标精、过程活、效果实”的三原则八要素特征与“开门—探径—创生”的操作模式,展现“以教育为家”的行政顶层设计、“教学实践专业化”的业务专业支持和“走向大先生”的一线教师现场创造的立体图景。

丹阳五大教育家思想映照的示径课堂样态

以学校为主体、教育集团为纽带,江苏省丹阳市积极开展教育家深化研究和“示径课堂”先行试点,形成了像教育家那样办学、像教育家那样教书育人、像教育家那样过专业生活的区域教育生态,丰富了丹阳五大教育家思想映照的“示径课堂”样态。

小幼衔接:探寻示径课堂之“蹊径”

小幼衔接是小学向幼儿园的主动衔接,是循序渐进的自然衔接。江苏省丹阳市实验小学以“不拘一格降人才”为办学理念,以“让儿童成为最好的自己”为培养目标,通过建设“多维对话区”、开发“四类课程群”、探索“课堂变革路”、点亮“评价航向灯”等方式多向、多主体衔接,消除小学和幼儿园之间的断层,让儿童实现自然生长。更重要的是通过一年级课堂教学方式的转变,撬动整个小学阶段的课堂教学改革。

示径课堂:建设“以教育为家”的区域教育新生态

江苏省丹阳市学习借鉴马相伯、吕凤子、吕叔湘、匡亚明、戴伯韬五位本土教育家的思想,建构全新的“示径课堂”,推动教与学方式的变革。“示径课堂”强调先学后教、以学定教、为学而教,核心主张是传承教育家思想,创生新时代课堂,教师开示门径地教,学生独立自主地学;追求“真的知识”“活的学问”的教育理想,让学生过一种知识有用、学习有趣、结果有意义的教育生活。丹阳市以“示径课堂”教学改革为引擎,助力区域校长、教师队伍建设,引领教育者建设“以教育为家”的区域教育新生态。

Dye tracer infiltration technique to investigate macropore flow paths in Maka Mountain, Yunnan Province, China

In order to investigate the differences of macropores vertical distribution under different surface plants, and to assess the influences of root systems, organic matter and texture on macropore flow paths, two dye tracer infiltration experiments were performed in slopes under two different plants(Campylotropis polyantha(Franch.) Schindl vs. Cynodon dactylon(Linn.) Pers). Dye tracer infiltration experiments with field observations and measurements of soil properties were combined. Results show that the discrepancy in macropores distribution between two slopes under different plants is significant. Root systems have significant effects on macropore flow paths distribution and the effect become more pronounced as the diameter of roots become larger. Organic matter and stone are important factors to affect macropores distribution. Root-soil interface, inter-aggregate macropore and stone-soil interface are important macropore flow paths in well vegetated slopes.

One Step on the Smart Grid Path： Load and Generation Coordination in a Virtual Power System

Worldwide the introduction of dispersed generators （DG） in the distribution network is assuming a significant importance. There is an increasing relevance of the energy process efficiency improvement; as for electric power systems, the most interesting perspective concerns the capability of the system to increase the exploitation of the renewable resources. The integration of DGs in the electric distribution network requires a revision of this infrastructure, so far designed and developed assuming that power flows in one direction： from the high voltage transmission network to the medium voltage distribution, to reach final customers on the low voltage network. The attention to an efficient operation of distribution networks is increasing all over the world; this interest is becoming higher and higher also in Italy, where the high energy prices push in the direction of fostering efficiency as much as possible. This work describes a study developed in the AlpEnergy project framework： an International Cooperation Program aimed at introducing an efficient operational model for the distributed production and consumption. In particular it is proposed a new model for the integration and the management of the DG in the distribution network. The new model （defined VPS： Virtual Power System） is based on a communication channel between the active users （generators）, the loads and, eventually, the Distribution System Operators （DSOs）.

The impact of physical processes on pollutant transport in Hangzhou Bay

A Lagrangian tracer model is set up for Hangzhou Bay based on Coupled Hydrodynamical Ecological model for Regional Shelf Sea (COHERENS). The study area is divided into eight subdomains to identify the dominant physical processes, and the studied periods are March (the dry season) and July (the wet season). The model performance has been first verified by sea-surface elevation and tidal current observations at several stations. Eight tracer experiments are designed and Lagrangian particle tracking is simulated to examine the impact of physical processes (tide, wind and river runoff) on the transport of passive tracer released within the surface layer. Numerical simulations and analysis indicate that: (1) wind does not change the tracer distribution after 30 days except for those released from the south area of the bay during the wet season; (2) the tide and the Qiantang River runoff are important for particle transport in the head area of the bay; (3) the Changjiang River runoff affects the tracer transport at the mouth of the bay, and its impact is smaller in the dry season than in the wet season.

Analysis on Path and Countermeasures of Modem Agricultural Development in Beijiang District of Xinjiang

To realize the fusion development of modem agricultural demonstration zone in Beijiang District, on one hand, it should fully depend on its own resource conditions; on the other hand, it should positively promote the policy innovation and system mechanism innovation. The author thinks that promoting the fusion development of modern agriculture in Beijiang District should first recognize the importance and necessity of fusion development strategy, and then promote this fusion engineering from system and mechanism. Finally, it should make innovations in policy, in order to provide overall protection of modern agricultural fusion development in Beijiang District.

A microarray analysis of early activated pathways in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis

Objective:To explore the mechanisms of fulminant hepatitis(FH) in the early stages,and to determine the critical pathways in its initiation and progression.Methods:Twelve BALB/c mice were divided into four groups:one group left as negative control and sacrificed immediately after injection of phosphate-buffered saline(PBS),and another three groups with concanavalin A(Con A) administration sacrificed at 1,3,and 6 h after injection.Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse 430 2.0 Array was employed to evaluate the expression profile of each of the 12 samples.Further analysis was done on the microarray data to extract the genes that were differentially expressed.Enrichment analysis was carried out to determine relevant pathways within which regulated genes were significantly enriched.Results:A total of 393,8354 and 11 344 differentially expressed genes were found,respectively,at three time points.During 0-1 h and 1-3 h,most of the pathways enriched with regulated genes were related to immune response and inflammation,among which Toll-like receptor(TLR) signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling appeared during both phases,while cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction,apoptosis,T cell receptor signaling,and natural killer(NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathways emerged during the second phase.Pathways found to be significant during 3-6 h were mostly related to metabolic processes.Conclusion:The TLR signaling pathway dominates the early responses of Con A-induced FH in mice.It stimulates the production of type I cytokines,therefore recruiting and activating T/NK cells.Activated T/NK cells exert their cytotoxicity on hepatocytes through inducing death receptorintermediated apoptosis,resulting in liver injury.

Pore Size Distribution of Clayey Soils and Its Correlation with Soil Organic Matter

Soil pore size distribution(PSD) directly influences soil physical,chemical,and biological properties,and further knowledge of soil PSD is very helpful for understanding soil functions and processes.In this study,PSD of three clayey soils collected from the topsoil(0-20 cm) of Vertisols in Northern China was analyzed using the N_2 adsorption(NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP) methods.The effect of soil organic matter(SOM) on the PSD of clayey soils was also evaluated.The differential curves of pore volume of clayey soils by the NA method exhibited that the pores with diameter < 0.01 μm accounted for more than 50%in the pore size range of 0.001 to 0.1 μm.The differential pore curves of clayey soils by the MIP method exhibited three distinct peaks in pore size range of 60 to 100,0.3 to 0.4 and 0.009 to 0.012 μm,respectively.In the three clayey soils,the ultramicropores(5-0.1μm) were determined to be the main pore class(on average 35.5%),followed by macropores(> 75 μm,31.4%),cryptopores(0.1-0.007μm,16.0%),micropores(30-5 μm,9.7%) and mesopores(75-30 μm,7.3%).The SOM greatly affected the pore structure and PSD of aggregates in clayey soils.In particular,SOM removal reduced the volume and porosity of 5-100 μm pores while increased those of <5 μm pores in the 5-2 and 2-0.25 mm aggregates of clayey soils.The increase in the volume and porosity of < 5 μm pores may be attributed to the disaggregation and partial emptying of small pores caused by the destruction of SOM.

Hierarchical aging pathways and signatures of thermodynamic transition in molecular glasses

When a liquid is supercooled,its structural equilibration timeτeqincreases sharply approaching the glass transition temperature Tg,below which it is kinetically arrested in the out of equilibrium glassy state.Upon annealing below Tg,such glassy state relaxes toward the equilibrium state.There is growing evidence that such relaxation process is quite complex,influenced by the complexity of the potential energy landscape.Here we report the observation of a hierarchical aging pathway in the process of the glass-to-supercooled liquid transition in various molecular glass forming systems.Differential scanning calorimetry reveals that the glassy state upon annealing below Tgfirstly enters a transient metastable supercooled liquid state with slightly higher enthalpies than that of the equilibrium supercooled liquid state when extrapolated to below Tg.This observation is also confirmed by structural measurements via Raman scattering.The dynamics of the transient metastable-to-stable supercooled liquid transition exhibits characteristics of thermodynamic transition at spinodal temperature Tspslightly above Tg,leading to anomalous behaviors such as the appearance of a transition-like behavior in the plot of fragility measurements.These observations imply that the free energy landscape of the supercooled liquid develops complexity with qualitative changes approaching Tgand could have strong influence on the process of the glass transition.