Through the stories of Shun and Shangjia Wei, the Baoxun bamboo manuscript expresses the Confucian political idea of zhongdao （中道 the middle way）. Early Confucians had a strong sense of propagating the dao （道 th...Through the stories of Shun and Shangjia Wei, the Baoxun bamboo manuscript expresses the Confucian political idea of zhongdao （中道 the middle way）. Early Confucians had a strong sense of propagating the dao （道 the Way）, but they kept an open mind as to how it was to be understood, which was very different from the later doctrine of daotong （道统 the tradition of the Way）. Although ancient China possessed a long and continuous intellectual tradition ofzhong （中 center, middle, etc.）, a tradition that gave rise to a series of concepts such as zhongzheng （中正 being fair and upright）, zhongyong （中庸the principle of the Mean） and zhonghe （中和 being central and harmonious）, zhong actually originated from ancient religious rituals and was an important category of the ancient study of li （礼 rites or ritual）. After Confucius, it was Xun Zi who was the true heir to the tradition of zhong in all its fullness. The Confucian daotong is the combination of the tradition of ren （仁 benevolence） and that of li, and the Confucian dao or Way refers to the Way of becoming a sage within and a king without.展开更多
Martin Luther＇s concept of ＂priesthood of all believers＂ implies that everyone who has been baptised not only becomes a Christian, but also becomes a consecrated priest. There is room for a logical extension of Lut...Martin Luther＇s concept of ＂priesthood of all believers＂ implies that everyone who has been baptised not only becomes a Christian, but also becomes a consecrated priest. There is room for a logical extension of Luther＇s concept. If every Christian is a consecrated priest and has the right to administer the sacraments for himself, is there any necessity to retain a professional priesthood for the Church？ While detailing how Luther＇s concept entailed the shift of clerical functions from a sacramental priesthood to a preaching ministry as occurred within the evolving Protestant Churches, this paper offers a clarification of what Luther actually meant by his formula.展开更多
文摘Through the stories of Shun and Shangjia Wei, the Baoxun bamboo manuscript expresses the Confucian political idea of zhongdao （中道 the middle way）. Early Confucians had a strong sense of propagating the dao （道 the Way）, but they kept an open mind as to how it was to be understood, which was very different from the later doctrine of daotong （道统 the tradition of the Way）. Although ancient China possessed a long and continuous intellectual tradition ofzhong （中 center, middle, etc.）, a tradition that gave rise to a series of concepts such as zhongzheng （中正 being fair and upright）, zhongyong （中庸the principle of the Mean） and zhonghe （中和 being central and harmonious）, zhong actually originated from ancient religious rituals and was an important category of the ancient study of li （礼 rites or ritual）. After Confucius, it was Xun Zi who was the true heir to the tradition of zhong in all its fullness. The Confucian daotong is the combination of the tradition of ren （仁 benevolence） and that of li, and the Confucian dao or Way refers to the Way of becoming a sage within and a king without.
文摘Martin Luther＇s concept of ＂priesthood of all believers＂ implies that everyone who has been baptised not only becomes a Christian, but also becomes a consecrated priest. There is room for a logical extension of Luther＇s concept. If every Christian is a consecrated priest and has the right to administer the sacraments for himself, is there any necessity to retain a professional priesthood for the Church？ While detailing how Luther＇s concept entailed the shift of clerical functions from a sacramental priesthood to a preaching ministry as occurred within the evolving Protestant Churches, this paper offers a clarification of what Luther actually meant by his formula.
