学前儿童社交情绪发展与幼儿园教育实践探讨

在幼儿园教育阶段,儿童开始接触社会环境,学会与他人交往并表达情感。幼儿园作为学前教育的重要阶段,承担着培养学前儿童社交情绪能力的责任。然而,目前对于幼儿园教育在社交情绪发展中的确切作用还存在一定争议。基于此,本文旨在深入探讨学前儿童社交情绪发展与幼儿园教育实践之间的关系,为提升幼儿园教育质量提供参考。

孤独症谱系障碍男童注意能力及社交发展特征的初步研究

目的了解孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)男童注意能力特征,探索注意能力与社交发展的关系。方法收集2015年7月—2016年7月在上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心儿少门诊就诊的ASD男童37例,采用孤独症行为量表(ABC)对男童症状进行评定,采用长处与困难问卷(SDQ)由父母对男童进行评定,运用孤独症诊断访谈量表修订版(ADIR)中的社交发展和游戏部分,对ASD男童的自发性共同注意和社会特征进行评定。结果ASD男童ABC量表的感觉能力、交往能力、运动能力、语言能力、自我照顾能力和症状严重度与SDQ量表的情绪问题、注意不能、同伴交往和总困难程度呈正相关(P<0.01);ADI-R社交发展和游戏部分的表情丰富程度、与同伴一起的想象性游戏、对其他儿童的兴趣、安慰他人、社会性主动提议和不恰当的面部表情得分和SDQ社会化行为因子分呈负相关(P<0.01)。结论ASD男童在目光对视、社交性微笑、与同伴一起想像性游戏、引导别人注意等自发性共同注意能力存在缺陷,早期发现有助于ASD儿童的早期筛查、早期干预。

探讨社交网络发展对图书馆的影响和应用价值探析

在社会与科技的发展中,人们逐步转变了社会交往的方式。在当前信息技术与互联网发展之下,人们的社交网络势必具有一些改变,而且对图书馆的影响和应用价值具有较大的作用。

幼儿社交-情绪发展与母亲育儿胜任感的关系

目的:考察3~5岁幼儿社交-情绪发展水平,并探讨其与母亲育儿胜任感的关系。方法:选取375名3~5岁幼儿母亲,填写年龄与发育进程问卷;用社交-情绪(ASQ:SE-C)和中文版育儿胜任感量表(C-PSOC)评估幼儿的社交-情绪发展水平和母亲的育儿胜任感。结果:幼儿社交-情绪发展可疑迟缓检出137例(36.5%)。多重回归分析表明,幼儿自我调控与母亲育儿效能感、育儿满意度得分负向关联(β=-0.71、-0.96);幼儿沟通、人际互动与母亲育儿满意度得分负向关联(β=-0.46、-0.51)。结论:幼儿社交-情绪发展可疑迟缓人数比例偏高,幼儿自我调控、沟通、人际互动水平越低,母亲育儿胜任感越低。

新闻媒体的社交化发展趋势探讨

近年来,随着国家经济水平的不断提高,科学技术实力的不断加强,高新技术产业对各领域都产生了一系列的深远影响。在现阶段第三次科技革命中,所取得的主要科技成果和技术创新之一为信息化电子技术,在信息化电子技术研究成果不断增多、技术体系不断完善的同时,其在世界范围内也得到了普及应用,改变了人们的生活方式和思维方式。在新技术改变人们生活方式的同时,也对新闻领域产生了一系列显著的影响,例如新闻媒体的社交化发展趋势。随着网络时代的到来,人们开始利用智能移动设备进行社交活动,如知乎、微信等,随着人们主要社交诉求与交友方式及平台的转变,新闻媒体行业也应与时俱进,借助各社交与网络平台提升用户黏度、用户总量,扩大影响范围。因此,笔者对现阶段新闻媒体的社交化发展进程以及未来发展趋势进行了深入探讨。

《年龄与发育进程问卷:社交–情绪》3~5岁幼儿简化问卷的编制与信效度检验

目的:为提高幼儿社交–情绪发展风险监测效率,解决适用于相关基层人员预警工具缺乏的现状问题,本研究对36、48、60月龄组的《年龄与发育进程问卷:社交–情绪》(第2版)进行简化,并验证简化问卷的信效度。方法:采用方便取样,在杭州市6所公立幼儿园抽取1521名3~5岁幼儿,M ± SD = 51.76 ± 8.34月,男821例,女700例,由其父母完成《年龄与发育进程问卷:社交–情绪》(第2版)。其中,依据4种经典测量学方法对原问卷简化,并进行简化问卷的信度检验、评估简化问卷的结构及校标效度。结果:简化问卷有6个题项,信效度均可被接受。其中校标效度的特异性及敏感性较良好,临界值为17.5分,风险结果与原问卷中等一致。结论:3~5岁幼儿《年龄与发育进程问卷:社交–情绪》简化问卷符合心理学筛查问卷评估要求,该量表内容简洁,筛查用时少,能提高筛查效率,适用于广大基层保健工作者、托幼机构教师进行快速风险预警。

民间游戏与幼儿园课程相融合的应用价值

民间游戏产生流传于人民群众,具有形式、规则、内容又可因时因地发展变化的随时随地可以进行的,以玩耍为主要目的小型嬉戏娱乐活动。不仅符合孩子们好动、好学、好模仿、好游戏的心理特点,而且易学、易会、易传,还能促进孩子体、智、德、美诸方面的发展。民间游戏与幼儿园课程相融合的应用价值在于促进幼儿全面发展,提升学习效果和兴趣培养,并促进社交与情感发展。通过将民间游戏与幼儿园课程相结合,可以丰富幼儿的学习内容和方式,激发他们的创造力和想象力。同时,这种融合也有助于培养幼儿的合作意识、团队精神和责任感。

微信社交依赖对大学生社交焦虑的影响研究

微信为大学生提供社交便利,也对大学生心理产生影响。为探讨微信社交依赖和大学生社交焦虑之间的关系,从场内社交焦虑和场外社交焦虑两个维度衡量大学生社交焦虑,从社交效能感、社交负功能认知和社交依赖行为衡量微信社交依赖。以首都大学生为研究对象,展开问卷调查。运用SPSS 16.0等统计软件,对数据进行清理和分析。研究发现,微信社交依赖和期待型社交焦虑、比较型社交焦虑、发展型社交焦虑呈正相关;微信社交依赖通过影响场域内社交焦虑,进而影响场域外社交焦虑。

自主探索与团队合作:自然教育中幼儿户外游戏的双重价值

传统的幼儿教育往往将重点放在幼儿的认知发展上,忽视了幼儿的情感和社交发展的重要性。这可能导致幼儿在自主探索与团队合作方面缺乏必要的技能。幼儿户外游戏包含观察自然、探索科学、艺术创作等活动,幼儿可以从中获得学习经验和学习动力。文章首先介绍了幼儿户外游戏的重要意义,其次分析了幼儿户外游戏存在的问题,最后提出了具体的幼儿户外游戏开展策略,以期提高幼儿教育的质量。

传统游戏在幼儿园活动中的推广应用研究

幼儿期是孩子身心发展的关键时期,适当的游戏活动对于幼儿的全面发展至关重要。传统游戏作为人类文化的一部分,具有丰富的教育价值和发展潜能。本论文旨在探讨传统游戏在幼儿园活动中的推广应用,并分析其对幼儿的发展和学习的积极影响。通过调查研究、实地观察和文献综述等方法,文章将深入探讨传统游戏在幼儿园中的实施策略、教育意义和对幼儿综合能力的促进作用,为幼儿园教育实践提供有益的启示和建议。

孤独症儿童发展能力与家长社交语言养育行为的相关性

目的了解家长社交与语言养育行为与孤独症儿童发展能力的相关性。方法2020年8~12月,对医院门诊被诊断为孤独症的302名儿童家长进行社交与语言养育行为调查,同时收集儿童Gesell量表、婴儿-初中生社会生活能力量表、儿童孤独症行为量表和克氏孤独症行为量表的测量数据。用SPSS 20.0进行统计分析。用独立样本t检验和方差分析比较不同家长之间社交与语言养育行为,用Pearson相关分析进行家长社交与语言养育行为与儿童发展能力及症状严重程度的相关性分析。结果父亲与母亲儿童社交、语言养育行为的差异均无统计学意义(t=1.033,P=0.303;t=-0.312,P=0.756)。不同年龄组父亲之间儿童社交、语言养育行为的差异均无统计学意义(F=1.425,P=0.244;F=1.127,P=0.345);而在不同年龄组母亲中,<30岁组、30~34岁组儿童社交养育行为明显优于35~39岁组(F=3.374,P=0.019;LSD两两比较:P=0.010,P=0.006)。父亲中,研究生及以上组和大学组的儿童社交养育行为(F=4.346,P=0.008;LSD两两比较:P=0.020,P=0.001)和儿童社交+语言养育行为(F=3.965,P=0.012;LSD两两比较:P=0.020,P=0.002)明显优于高中/职专组。母亲中,研究生及以上组的儿童社交养育行为(F=2.812,P=0.040;LSD两两比较:P=0.008,P=0.023,P=0.009)、儿童语言养育行为(F=3.769,P=0.011;LSD两两比较:P=0.010,P=0.025,P=0.001)、儿童社交+语言养育行为(F=3.654,P=0.013;LSD两两比较:P=0.005,P=0.015,P=0.002)均明显优于大学组、高中/职专组、初中及以下组。家长社交养育行为[(40.72±6.80)分]、语言养育行为[(27.20±5.22)分]、社交+语言养育行为[(67.92±11.10)分]与儿童精细动作[(61.75±16.41)分](r=0.193,P=0.001;r=0.153,P=0.009;r=0.190,P=0.001)、认知[(68.28±16.83)分](r=0.231,P=0.000;r=0.186,P=0.001;r=0.229,P=0.000)、语言[(53.01±18.55)分](r=0.262,P=0.000;r=0.305,P=0.000;r=0.304,P=0.000)、社交自理[(61.44±17.85)分](r=0.264,P=0.000;r=0.238,P=0.000;r=0.274,P=0.000)呈正相关,家长语言养育行为、社交+语言养育行为与儿童社会生活能力[(8.65±0.89)分]呈正相关(r=0.142,P=0.046;r=0.140,P=0.049)。家长社交养育行为、语言养育行为、社交+语言养育行为与ABC量表得分[(50.53±21.39)分](r=-0.089,P=0.336;r=-0.115,P=0.215;r=-0.107,P=0.250)、克氏量表得分[(13.96±4.54)分](r=-0.050,P=0.490;r=-0.059,P=0.411;r=-0.058,P=0.421)均无统计学相关性。结论孤独症儿童家长的社交与语言养育行为与其年龄及文化程度均有一定关系,且与儿童发展能力和社会生活能力明显相关,但与儿童症状严重程度无关。

青春期女性抑郁症患者的症状以及影响因素

女孩和男孩在儿童期和前青春期患抑郁症的比率是相等的,但是一进入青春期,女性的抑郁症比率却是男性的两倍。本文回顾了相关的研究,讨论青春期女性与成人不同的、独特的临床症状,以及造成这种差异的发展因素。

Social network search based on semantic analysis and learning

Because of everyone＇s involvement in social networks, social networks are full of massive multimedia data, and events are got released and disseminated through social networks in the form of multi-modal and multi-attribute heterogeneous data. There have been numerous researches on social network search. Considering the spatio-temporal feature of messages and social relationships among users, we summarized an overall social network search framework from the perspective of semantics based on existing researches. For social network search, the acquisition and representation of spatio-temporal data is the basis, the semantic analysis and modeling of social network cross-media big data is an important component, deep semantic learning of social networks is the key research field, and the indexing and ranking mechanism is the indispensable part. This paper reviews the current studies in these fields, and then main challenges of social network search are given. Finally, we give an outlook to the prospect and further work of social network search.

社团不同职责活动参与度如何影响大学生的社交收获与校园归属感?

社团活动对于大学生综合素质的培养具有重要作用。利用H大学2018年“研究型大学本科生就读经历调查”数据,考察本科生在社团不同职责活动中的参与度对社交技能发展、社交经历满意度及校园归属感的影响。统计结果表明:大学生在社团活动中获得的社交技能、社交经历满意度、校园归属感较为显著;主导型职责活动对学生社交技能的发展起重要显著影响,协助型职责活动则对学生校园归属感的影响更为显著。

ACP-based social computing and parallel intelligence： Societies 5.0 and beyond

Social computing, as the technical foundation of future computational smart societies, has the potential to improve the effectiveness of opensource big data usage, systematically integrate a variety of elements including time, human, resources, scenarios, and organizations in the current cyber-physical-social world, and establish a novel social structure with fair information, equal rights, and a flat configuration. Meanwhile, considering the big modeling gap between the model world and the physical world, the concept of parallel intelligence is introduced. With the help of software-defined everything, parallel intelligence bridges the big modeling gap by means of constructing artificial systems where computational experiments can be implemented to verify social policies, economic strategies, and even military operations. Artificial systems play the role of ＂social laboratories＂ in which decisions are computed before they are executed in our physical society. Afterwards, decisions with the expected outputs are executed in parallel in both the artificial and physical systems to interactively sense, compute, evaluate and adjust system behaviors in real-time, leading system behaviors in the physical system converging to those proven to be optimal in the artificial ones. Thus, the smart guidance and management for our society can be achieved.

Politics of Rail Transport Development in Developing Countries： Case of Nigeria

Rail transport in most developing countries, is usually the least developed mode. For instance, in Nigeria the vibrant fortune of rail transport operations and development has been on decline since mid 1970s.The developmental gap in rail transport in Nigeria is responsible for a significant level of access denial to a safer, affordable and environmentally-friendly mode of transport, to the younger generation of Nigerians. Through a critique of past railways developmental projects and policies, this paper was able to identify the principal factors responsible for its intangible contributions to the socio-economic development of Nigeria. It further highlighted the role（s） politics of policies inconsistency and somersault plays, to the detriment of realization of a vibrant railway system in Nigeria. The findings revealed that discontinuity and incoherence in policy implementation by successful governments, policy reversal as well as uncoordinated national transport policy goal and objectives as clogs in the wheel of progress of railways development in Nigeria. In conclusion, the paper hinged the rapid development of the rail industry in Nigeria on institutional paradigm shift, whereby the rail authority will enjoy a reasonable level of autonomy in decision making, finance and investment in rail operations, infrastructure supply and technological advancement in Nigeria.

早期教育中游戏化教学方法的有效性研究

早期教育对婴幼儿的成长和发展至关重要。游戏化教学方法作为一种创新的教育方式,吸引了越来越多的 关注。本文旨在探讨 0~3岁婴幼儿早期教育中游戏化教学方法的有效性。通过研究我们发现游戏化教学在儿童 学习和发展中具有积极作用。从认知、社交、情感、语言和运动五个方面论述了现状问题,并提出了相应的策略, 以进一步推动游戏化教学在早期教育中的应用。本研究的结论强调了游戏化教学方法在婴幼儿早期教育中的潜力, 为改善儿童的学习体验和成长提供了重要的见解。

Progress of research on transportation geography in China

As an important branch of human geography, transportation geography has experienced three periods of evolution: foundation, systematization, and rapid development of the discipline. It has gradually become a relatively mature discipline. During the period 1930– 1980, the development of transportation geography consisted mainly of the publication of theoretical texts. During 1980–2000, it gradually became a systematic discipline. Since the start of the 21 st century, transportation geography has focused mainly on exploring the impacts of transportation on socio-economic development. Currently, studies on transportation geography have led to significant developments in a number of areas, including transportation theory, facility distribution and planning, transportation flows and network analysis, evaluation of transport modes, transportation planning, and simulation and assessment of urban transportation. Such studies have also enriched human geography research, provided a wider geographical overview and elucidated the development mechanism of transportation, as well as helped to understand the impacts of transport development on socio-economic systems. Some findings obtained by geographers have been widely used in transportation geography and related fields, including the four basic laws of transportation generation, the hub–spoke mode of transport organization, the subordinating and guiding functions of transportation on socio-economic development, regional transport dominance measures, accessibility measures, and spatial organization of port systems.