21世纪世界社会保障制度展望

世界社会保障制度可归纳为四种模式：福利型；社会共济型；国家保障型；个人储蓄型。随着全球政治、经济的发展变化，各模式面临诸多挑战。２１世纪世界社会保障制度的总体发展趋势是：自立、自助与公私协作。社会保障立法趋向于法群化、全民化和全面化，社会保障立法的国际交易与合作日益加强。

Self-Dealing Among Convergence and Path-Dependency Opportunities： An Empirical Analysis of Regulatory From Six European Countries

Self-dealing refers to all kinds of transactions and operations diverting value from a company to corporate controllers. In order to tackle self-dealing, academics and regulators have emphasised the legal tools. However, there is a divergence between those supporting the existence of a benchmark model towards which to converge （convergence hypothesis） and those underscoring the importance of socio-economic factors on the efficacy of governance rules （path-dependency view）. The aim of this paper is to join in the convergence vs. path-dependency debate by focusing on the efficiency of mandatory rules and investigating their effectiveness. Considering the current market integration, the traditional cost-benefit analysis has been extended in order to embrace costs specifically associated to the issue of domestic rules in a global scenario. This analysis supports the convergence view and encourages at least a partial and gradual adjustment of national legislations towards the prevailing Anglo-Saxon model. In order to test this hypothesis, an examination of the self-dealing regulatory （on conflict of interests and self-dealing） adopted in some Western （Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom （UK）） and Eastern （Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland） European countries has been conducted.

13.5亿人的“安全网”

编织一张覆盖13.5亿人口,纵贯养老、医疗、就业、社会救助和福利的安全网,将高速发展的国家包裹其中,缓冲各种失速与不平衡带来的风险,中国的社会保障改革是一项从规模上来说史无前例的任务。从十六大明确将'社会保障体系比较健全'列为全面建设小康社会的目标之一,到十八大对'社会保障水平在过去五到十年中迈上一个大台阶'的充分肯定,近年来社会保障体系改革成为广大民众关注的焦点问题之一。

中国能否闯过“全民养老”关?

"全民养老"造就西方黄金时代"全民养老就像是一块人人都想要的大面包,目前只有少数发达国家能够做到养老保险的全民覆盖,"美国威斯康星大学学者易富贤对记者说,"年轻人口是‘面粉’,养老制度是‘制作面包的技术’"。他说,目前国际上有四类社会养老模式:由国家、企业、个人三方负担或其中两方负担养老保险费用的社会共济型,北欧等一些国家实施的全民福利型,原苏联东欧国家曾经实施的国家保障型以及新加坡等少数小国实施的"年金储蓄制"。不过,不管哪种养老制度,基本都是靠年轻一代人养上一代人。