External Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting （CSER） finds its raison d＇etre in corporations＇ search for both a license to operate and accountability towards society. This suggests a relationship between c...External Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting （CSER） finds its raison d＇etre in corporations＇ search for both a license to operate and accountability towards society. This suggests a relationship between corporations and society. In this study, that relationship is analyzed, specifically the relationship between levels of CSER and economic institutions. A strong link with institutions is an outcome of institutionalization. The economic institutions applied are economic freedom and legal origin as a proxy for national corporate governance systems. The results of this descriptive study show associations between CSER levels and economic freedom. CSER is also related to national corporate governance systems through legal origin. CSER appears to be institutionalized, or in any case, corporations seem to be aware of the economic institutionalization of CSER.展开更多
China has entered the aging society, huge elderly population base, rapid growth in the elderly population and increasingly showing aging, empty nest trend. The population of Disability and half-disabled elderly who ne...China has entered the aging society, huge elderly population base, rapid growth in the elderly population and increasingly showing aging, empty nest trend. The population of Disability and half-disabled elderly who need take of is growing. The pressure of the government pension is huge. At the same time, the Private Institutions for the Aged supply gap is big, the trend of demand exceeds supply is increasing day by day. Private Institutions for the Aged has gradually become the mainstream, to become a good way to solve the problem of pension in the future. However, due to the system of China＇s old-age service is not perfect, the social security institution is not clear, the implementation of social security experience and so on. Those has brought the very big resistance to the development of private institutions for the aged. we need analyze the dilemma of private institutions for the aged, identify the underlying reasons, and continue to deepen market-oriented pension services.展开更多
Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to...Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.展开更多
文摘External Corporate Social and Environmental Reporting （CSER） finds its raison d＇etre in corporations＇ search for both a license to operate and accountability towards society. This suggests a relationship between corporations and society. In this study, that relationship is analyzed, specifically the relationship between levels of CSER and economic institutions. A strong link with institutions is an outcome of institutionalization. The economic institutions applied are economic freedom and legal origin as a proxy for national corporate governance systems. The results of this descriptive study show associations between CSER levels and economic freedom. CSER is also related to national corporate governance systems through legal origin. CSER appears to be institutionalized, or in any case, corporations seem to be aware of the economic institutionalization of CSER.
文摘China has entered the aging society, huge elderly population base, rapid growth in the elderly population and increasingly showing aging, empty nest trend. The population of Disability and half-disabled elderly who need take of is growing. The pressure of the government pension is huge. At the same time, the Private Institutions for the Aged supply gap is big, the trend of demand exceeds supply is increasing day by day. Private Institutions for the Aged has gradually become the mainstream, to become a good way to solve the problem of pension in the future. However, due to the system of China＇s old-age service is not perfect, the social security institution is not clear, the implementation of social security experience and so on. Those has brought the very big resistance to the development of private institutions for the aged. we need analyze the dilemma of private institutions for the aged, identify the underlying reasons, and continue to deepen market-oriented pension services.
文摘Existing theories of the globalisation of firms fall short of integrating evolutionary, self-reproductive mechanisms. This conceptual paper serves to provide an overview on existing literature in systems theory and to develop a basic framework for the study of evolutionary processes in the globalisation of firms. Ontological, epistemological, and methodological consequences of an evolutionary social systems approach to globalisation will be discussed.
