社会理论建构与唯物史观的发展--兼论政治经济学批判的社会理论内涵

当代中国的历史唯物主义研究之所以发展滞后,其中的一个重要原因是社会理论的缺失。社会理论是历史唯物主义与具体人文社会科学衔接的中介,历史唯物主义需要通过社会理论,才能从当代人文社会科学研究成果中汲取营养精华,从而进行创新发展。从方法论、具体内涵,以及思想史和实践意义的层面来看,马克思的历史唯物主义都与古典社会理论具有同构性。从马克思主义哲学变革与发展的历史经验来看,马克思历史唯物主义最重要的理论支持来自政治经济学批判。马克思的政治经济学批判具有独特的社会理论意义,其方法论核心是社会历史结构分析。因此,当代历史唯物主义创新的突破点在于,要以社会结构"解剖"为逻辑中轴,建构出一种马克思主义的社会理论,在此基础上,方能进行历史唯物主义的创新发展。

革命党政体制的形成及其逻辑:当代中国治理体制的制度渊源

近代中国革命过程中形成的党政体制是当代中国治理体系的重要渊源。“革命党政体制是如何形成的”这一问题,既是建党百年值得回溯的重大问题,又是理解当代中国治理体制的基础。一国体制往往是被自身历史进程塑造的。近代中国革命过程中曾尝试过多种制度,唯有在与失败的对比中才能理解革命党政体制形成的历史逻辑。其成功在于它匹配了当时中国彻底解体的社会秩序结构和农村农民为主体的社会阶层结构,在革命过程中逐渐形成了一套政党领导、深入基层、组织严密、有效动员的政党与人民高度融合、双向互构的“大众动员型政党国家”体制。它再造了国家结构、形成了全新的社会组织方式、重建了中国社会的基盘。

＂Trades＂ and ＂Social Membership＂ into the Context of Feudal Friulian Society during Late Middle Ages （13th Century- 1511）

It is a very hard job for historians to keep themselves neutrals in from of the events they find during their studies. It is also difficult to notice the correlations among the different times of the history without falling in anachronistic mistakes. In fact, it is well-known that a historian must be wise and rational when he finds those correlations, because every society has its own characteristics, structures, and mentality. This brief essay focuses on the social structures in a north eastern italic region, which is called Friuli, between the 12th and 16th centuries. In the above mentioned centuries, it is possible to notice an evolution from a feudal ecclesiastical principality, ruled by prince-patriarchs, ecclesiastical institutions and nobility, to a more fluid and dynamic constitution formed by new classes which rose up in times of urban and economic development. But this development struggles to delete the old system, which persisted until the end of 18th century with the arrival of Napoleon. The transition from the Patriarch＇s power to Venice＇s dominion seems to have created two main consequences： by one hand a more bureaucratic and modem structure of the State, by the other hand a consolidation of the old connections between patrons and clients, consequence of the ＂modem＂ feudal system that consolidated its roots in the Late Middle Ages centuries.

Postcolonialism Revisited： Representations of the Subaltern in Fadia Faqir＇s Pillars of Salt

Postcolonial theory is a well-established critical approach that addresses issues such as the quest for identity, the significance of land, homelessness, resistance, and the encounter between the colonized and the colonizers. This paper examines the postcolonial elements utilized by the Anglo-Jordanian novelist Fadia Faqir in her novel Pillars of Salt. It discusses the novel＇s themes and techniques associated with postcolonialism as a literary theory and as a critical approach. Being a postcolonial text, the novel shows the writer＇s attempt at writing back in response to the colonial past with its power structures and social hierarchies. Thematically, the novel is analyzed with special reference to such topics as the subaltern, Anglo-Jordanian ties, language, othemess, and identity. The paper also traces the continuity of postcolonial discourse in Faqir＇s novel and gives a short survey of the historical events that provide the background to the main events in this essentially postcolonial work.

Build a people- oriented social security system--Based on the concept of real man

The concept of ＂real man＂ is the historical origin and the logical starting point in The Marx＇s Materialist Conception of History, and is also our basic starting point in the social science research. Although our country＇s social security system has made great development and progress, but it still does not adapts the level of economy development, especially compared with the requirements of the people. Based on the principle of Marx＇s ＂real man＂ theory and combine the ＂real man＂ with the ＂people oriented＂, this article discussed the basic framework of the present social security system and its shortcomings in China. Then I try to put forward suggestions from breaking the urban-rural dual structure, gradually establishing urban and rural areas as a whole one of social security system, actively expanding the social security fund financing channels, establishing a nationwide unified social security of personal accounts, strive to establish a ＂people oriented＂ social security system.

科学理论的发展

科学理论的发展没有固定的模式。亚里士多德、赫歇尔、惠威尔和逻辑实证主义的归纳-演绎模式反映了科学理论发展的累积性。笛卡儿、孔德和波普尔的猜想-反驳模式反映了科学理论发展的否证性。萨伽德的计算科学哲学模式反映了科学理论发展的认知框架变化。库恩和拉卡托斯的结构模式反映了科学理论发展的历史性和社会性变化。