Differences in level of medical expenditures and compensation ratio of medical expenditure among various subgroups in the older population according to age, gender, education, income and area have important public pol...Differences in level of medical expenditures and compensation ratio of medical expenditure among various subgroups in the older population according to age, gender, education, income and area have important public policy implications. This paper discusses these topics by data based on two waves of social surveys, a baseline in 2000 and a follow-up in 2006 named ＂The Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China （SSAPUR）＂. During the six years, the increasing speed of medical expenditure is rapid. The payout of medical expenditure of older people in 2000 was more conservative than that in 2006. Gender and urban-rural differences were also evident with regard to the compensation ratio of medical expenditure; older males and all urban older people had higher compensation ratios than elderly females and the rural older people, respectively. Compensation ratio also increased at age, as well as at education and income levels. Inequalities increased over the six-year period between surveys except when analyzed by area of residence and income levels. A comparison of factors affecting medical expenditure showed that the differences in medical expenditure between 2000 and 2006 had increased, though the influencing factors seemed to have become more reasonable.展开更多
This study attempts to investigate and highlight the recent trends of unmet need for family planning in Cameroon. Differences for having an unmet need by place of residence, age, marital status, education, and living ...This study attempts to investigate and highlight the recent trends of unmet need for family planning in Cameroon. Differences for having an unmet need by place of residence, age, marital status, education, and living standards are also assessed. It is based on Cameroon Demography and Health Surveys （CDHS） which were conducted in 1991, 1998, 2004, and 2011. It aims at declaring the women＇s reasons for having an unmet need and identifying the socio-economic and cultural determinants of unmet need. A high proportion of women with unmet need are those who have experienced unwanted pregnancies. Health concerns about contraceptives and social disapprovals are other important reasons. The study identifies a significant relation among the unmet need and residence, age, work status, education, living standards, knowledge about contraceptives, and children ever born. This paper finally outlines the scope for further research, offering some perspectives on the nature and socio-cultural dimensions of unmet need.展开更多
文摘Differences in level of medical expenditures and compensation ratio of medical expenditure among various subgroups in the older population according to age, gender, education, income and area have important public policy implications. This paper discusses these topics by data based on two waves of social surveys, a baseline in 2000 and a follow-up in 2006 named ＂The Sample Survey on Aged Population in Urban/Rural China （SSAPUR）＂. During the six years, the increasing speed of medical expenditure is rapid. The payout of medical expenditure of older people in 2000 was more conservative than that in 2006. Gender and urban-rural differences were also evident with regard to the compensation ratio of medical expenditure; older males and all urban older people had higher compensation ratios than elderly females and the rural older people, respectively. Compensation ratio also increased at age, as well as at education and income levels. Inequalities increased over the six-year period between surveys except when analyzed by area of residence and income levels. A comparison of factors affecting medical expenditure showed that the differences in medical expenditure between 2000 and 2006 had increased, though the influencing factors seemed to have become more reasonable.
文摘This study attempts to investigate and highlight the recent trends of unmet need for family planning in Cameroon. Differences for having an unmet need by place of residence, age, marital status, education, and living standards are also assessed. It is based on Cameroon Demography and Health Surveys （CDHS） which were conducted in 1991, 1998, 2004, and 2011. It aims at declaring the women＇s reasons for having an unmet need and identifying the socio-economic and cultural determinants of unmet need. A high proportion of women with unmet need are those who have experienced unwanted pregnancies. Health concerns about contraceptives and social disapprovals are other important reasons. The study identifies a significant relation among the unmet need and residence, age, work status, education, living standards, knowledge about contraceptives, and children ever born. This paper finally outlines the scope for further research, offering some perspectives on the nature and socio-cultural dimensions of unmet need.
