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题名正当防卫与比例原则——刑法条文合宪性解释的尝试
被引量:77
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作者
陈璇
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机构
中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心
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出处
《环球法律评论》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第6期36-58,共23页
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基金
国家社科基金青年项目"刑法中紧急权的体系与解释研究"(15CFX036)的研究成果
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文摘
比例原则作为法治国捍卫公民基本权利的一项宪法性原则,对于确定正当防卫权的限度具有指导作用。正当防卫必须符合适当性和必要性原则,但狭义比例原则对它的制约却极弱。防卫限度的判断应在原则上放弃法益均衡的考量,这是基于合宪性解释所得出的合理结论。理由在于:第一,正当防卫不是公民代行国家权力的行为,故不存在全盘适用行政法上狭义比例原则的必然性。第二,狭义比例原则与正当防卫保障公民消极自由的性质不符。第三,法益均衡的必要性来自于社会团结原则,但正当防卫在总体上与该原则无法兼容。第四,警察防卫权的限度之所以在实际上严于普通公民的防卫权,不是因为它受到了狭义比例原则的限制,而是因为必要性条件本身会随着防卫主体防卫能力的升高而提出更高的要求。
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关键词
正当防卫
比例原则
合宪性解释
社会团结原则
警察防卫权
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Keywords
The proportionality principle, as one of the constitutional principles, plays an instructional role in the establishment of the limit of self-defense. Self-defense should comply with the principles of propriety and necessity, but is subjected to only very weak restriction by the proportionality principle in the narrow sense. In order to reach a rational conclusion based On the interpretation of constitutionality, the balance of legal interest should not be taken as a consideration in the determination of limitation on self-defense. The reasons are the following: firstly, self-defense is not the exercise of state power by private citizens on behalf of the state. Therefore it is not necessary to strictly apply the proportionality principle in the narrow administrative law sense
secondly, proportionality principle in the narrow sense does not conform with the purpose of self-defense, namely the protection of the negative liberty of citizens
thirdly, the necessity of balance of legal interest comes from the principle of social solidarity, which is not compatible with self-defense
and finally, compared with the defense right of common citizens, the defense right of police is subjected to much rigorous limitations, not by the proportionality principle in the narrow sense, but by the principle of necessity itself, which has higher require- ment on defenders who have a higher defense capability.
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分类号
D924.1
[政治法律—刑法学]
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