社会资本及其获取途径

本文对国外学者有关社会资本的定义进行了学理上的辨析，提出了自己对社会资本的定义。在理论分析的基础上，结合中国社会的实际情况，将中国社会行动者的社会资本划分为“基础性社会资本”和“自获性社会资本”两种类型，并分别论述了两种社会资本的获取途径及其对社会行动者的意义，从个人生命历程的视角对中国社会行动者社会资本的获取作了一个较为完整的诠释。

“以人为本”的社会结构观

社会关系是人和人的关系 ,它的总和构成社会结构 ,因而人的相互关系构成社会结构的核心。社会总体结构的层次性 ,可以从两种不同的方面来研究 ,一种是包括生产力结构的社会总体结构 ,即生产力结构、经济结构、政治结构和社会意识结构 ;另一种是在生产力结构基础上的经济、政治和社会意识的社会总体结构 ,它包括基础性结构和建构性结构两个层次。社会结构的建立和发展 ,都是作为历史主体的人 ,在社会发展客观规律基础上的选择和建构 ,是合目的性和合规律性的统一。这就使人的发展与社会结构的变迁 ,构成互为动力的关系。它们既互为创造者 ,又互为创造物。所以 ,“以人为本”的社会结构观认为 ,社会结构是以人为中心、以人为基础的 ;社会结构的选择和建构 ,不仅是为了人 ,而且是由人所创造 ,由人所推动的。

新时期图书馆社会功能拓展研究

图书馆传统性社会功能在时代需求不断发展的前提下已显示出服务力度的薄弱性和效应的滞后性等特点,拓展图书馆的社会性功能是时代需求。

维稳压力对基层法院组织形态的形塑

维稳压力是形塑中国法院组织形态的重要因素。在维稳工作中,基层法院与地方党政系统形成紧密的互需关系。一方面,基层法院通过行使审判职能和延伸审判职能的方式参与地方维稳工作;另一方面,在案件审理执行以及涉诉信访工作中,基层法院也需要地方党政系统的支持。在维稳压力的影响下,基层法院的组织形态进行了调适,形成以案件属性转化、责任体系再造、组织运行重构为主要内容的运作机制。经过调适的组织形态在很大程度上提升了基层法院应对维稳问题的能力,不过法官独立行权空间受到一定程度的限缩。在基础性社会矛盾突出的转型期,基层法院组织形态的建构与运行依然会建立在对维稳压力审慎考量的基础之上。

基层粮油检验工作中的问题与优化建议

作为社会基础性问题之一的粮油问题,其检验工作是评判粮油质量的重要手段,长久以来备受关注。在持续发展的社会背景下,我国粮油产量日益增长,粮油检验工作体系相比以往更加完善。然而,根据粮油检验实际情况看,依旧有不少棘手问题存在,特别是基层地区因经济、地域及文化等影响因素的存在,检验工作开展过程中面临的困难较多。如何保障基层粮油检验工作的顺利开展并促进其实效性的提升,已成为当前政府及粮油行业亟待解决的重要问题。

邮政企业基层员工思想动态分析

邮政作为社会基础性公用企业,肩负着提供邮政通信普遍服务、为党和政府提供特殊通信服务以及为经济社会发展提供商业化服务等重要任务,具有"通政、通民、通商"的职能。近年来,邮政企业积极创新转型,致力完善基础服务设施建设,服务网络覆盖城乡,服务质量和企业行业形象不断提升,受到了社会各界的高度评价,在企业经营机制创新改革发展和服务市场环境不断发展变化的形势下。

How Group Heuristics Promotes Cooperative Behavior in Social Dilemma SituationmExploration of Group Heuristics Effects on the Basis of Computer Simulation

As it is impossible to assume complete rationality in a social dilemma situation, the assumption of bounded rationality is appropriate. Under the bounded rationality, it would be reasonable to assume that one behaves according to the heuristics principle. The group identity effect in a social dilemma situation might be very important in order to attain cooperation. The aim of this study was to clarify how to promote a cooperative behavior by avoiding a social dilemma situation. The group heuristics was taken into account, and it was explored how the group heuristics promotes a cooperative behavior in a social dilemma situation. As a result of a two-person game theory experiment, the group heuristics was found to play an important role in a social dilemma situation, and enhance a cooperative behavior. For the following three cases, the higher cooperation rate was attained at the latter half of the experiment： （a） mutual in-group condition, （b） one-way in-group condition, and （f） one-way unknown condition （in-group）. In conclusion, the consciousness of in-group membership might help to promote actively mutual cooperation.

Consumer Citizenship Education for Sustainable Development in Higher Education in Latvia

Higher education and science determine the intellectual potential of a society, train new specialists, and consolidate and change citizenship values. Consumer citizenship education for sustainable development is an important function of higher education with a significant moral, social, political, economic, ecological and legal capacity. Consumer citizenship education plays an important role in ensuring the stability and sustainable development of any society. These approaches make it possible to develop the multi-scale thinking of future specialists and enhance their ability to analyse critically the main dilemmas created by the processes of social, legal, environmental, and economic development. The article is devoted to the experience of the Latvian system of higher education in consumer citizenship education within the context of sustainable development. It focuses more specifically on cooperation as a form of voluntary interaction between the partners involved in ensuring sustainable development. The aim of the research is to analyse the experience of consumer citizenship education in Latvian higher education within the context of sustainable development emphasizing the role of various forms of studies. Mostly theoretical research methods have been used in the present study. The starting point of for this research is a theoretical framework. There are both legal underpinnings and practical implementation aspects in this task. The features outlined above are emphasized in the normative acts referring to the Latvian higher education, the documents of the institutions of higher education, and particularly in the study programmes. The results of the research show that consumer citizenship education can be acquired as an interdisciplinary system. The goals and objectives of consumer citizenship education involve training young specialists possessing broad professional knowledge, developed critical thinking, the ability to organize and manage work in a modem way, understanding of the ethical, civic and patriotic values, as well as the ability and skills to engage in various social activities. Consumer citizenship education needs transdisciplinary knowledge if it is to solve the problems of humanity, the problems aggravated by unsustainable, unethical, even immoral consumption. The link between consumer citizenship education and sustainable development is ensured by shared common values, which reveal the sense and importance of both consumer citizenship and ethical sustainability.

建设标准电网 争做节能先锋——余姚市供电局

余姚市供电局是国家电网下负责余姚一带供电项目任务的单位。2013年度,公司在节能方面做出了显著的成绩。1、服务大局,切实做好节能降耗工作。服务大局,作为社会基础性能源——电力的供应企业,带头做好节能降耗工作,加大节能型新设备新材料新工艺的应用,逐步更新淘汰老旧设备。积极引导高耗能企业加快节能降耗技术改造,逐步淘汰落后生产能力,实现资源的优化配置,达到促进产业结构调整,促进资源节约和保护环境的目的。

地方师范院校提高学生就业竞争力的反思

十年树木,百年树人。教育作为社会主义社会基础性、先导性、全局性的事业,其重要性不言而喻。同时教师作为一项稳定的职业,成为绝大多数人首选,同时,随着教师资格政策的改革,非师范专业的学生只要获得教师资格证的认可,便可以加入教师团队,这无疑给就业形势已经十分严峻的高等师范教育又一猛烈冲击。高等师范院校在这种严峻形势下,不能只关注某一个方面,需要立足全局,从整体出发,积极应对当前形势的桃战。以学牛为丰体、学校为主导。

Rebuilding Basic Social Identity and a New Collective Cooperative Capacity

From the angle of sociology, social identity is the embodiment of the common beliefs, values and action orientation of members of society. It is essentially a collective concept, and provides a value basis for social groups to increase their cohesive force？ There are many types of social identity in real life, with each playing its role in different social spheres,