难产与非难产的社会心理变量比较

目的 探讨社会心理因素对分娩过程的作用和影响。方法 对 12 2例经阴道分娩初产妇产前的社会心理因素变量进行了调查 ,根据难产与否分为两组 ,对两组产前社会心理变量进行分析比较。结果 产妇文化、产妇对分娩的态度、产妇焦虑和抑郁情绪两组有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。丈夫的关心程度及产妇角色转变的心理准备对分娩过程也有一定的影响。

社会心理变量与分娩时程、分娩方式及产后出血的相关分析

目的 研究社会心理因素与分娩时程、分娩方式及产后出血的相关性。方法 调查 12 2例经阴道分娩的初产妇几个社会心理变量 ,并将其与产程时程、分娩方式及产后出血用逐步回归的方法作相关分析。结果 夫妻性格差异与潜伏期时程显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;夫妻性格差异、产妇性格与第二产程相关性较高 ,产妇性格与产后出血呈显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;丈夫关心程度与分娩方式及产后出血呈负相关 ,产妇角色转变与分娩方式呈负相关。

成年人身体活动变化阶段及其社会心理学相关因素——初步检验“从无活动到保持活动的四步骤(FIT)”模型

基于锻炼心理学领域中的"从无活动到保持活动的四步骤模型"(Four Steps from Inactivity to Ac tivity;FIT模型),以1 206名成年人为研究对象,通过横断性研究考查了6个身体活动变化阶段与10个社会心理学相关变量之间的关系。研究结果表明,被试在身体活动阶段上的分布为:前考虑期147(12.2%),考虑期273(22.6%),准备期148(12.3%),探索期144(11.9%),波动期201(16.7%)和保持期293(24.3%)。有关社会心理学相关变量在相邻阶段间的配对比较,37项假设关系中的22项得到了支持,假设符合率为59.5%。进一步回归分析表明,性别、受教育程度、主观障碍、自我效能、情感态度和社会支持共同解释了阶段方差变异的32.6%。该研究初步验证了FIT模型所涉及的重要社会心理学相关因素与身体活动变化阶段之间的相关关系,基本支持了FIT模型的理论建构。

围绝经期妇女心理卫生及影响因素调查

目的 了解围绝经期综合症 (PMS)妇女的心理卫生水平及影响因素。方法 通过对 30例PMS妇女和 32例正常围绝经期妇女进行社会心理变量测定和SCL - 90症状自评量表测量 ,两组结果进行比较。结果PMS妇女在文化程度、性格、健康状况、居住环境 4个方面与对照组有明显差别。SCL - 90的数据显示PMS妇女在躯体化、强迫、人际关系、抑郁、焦虑、敌对性 6个方面显著高于对照组。结论 PMS妇女的心理卫生水平较正常围绝经期妇女低 。

素质教育的重点──创造性思维能力的培养

面对国际竞争的日趋激烈，培养创造性的人才是二十一世纪的迫切要求。创造性人才主要是指具有创造性思维能力的人。那么如何培养学生具有创造性思维是文章要探讨的问题。

肛门直肠畸形或先天性巨结肠成年患者生活质量改变的原因分析

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine changes in the quality of life of adult patients with anorectal malformations or Hirschsprung’s disease over a three-year interval and to identify demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables that explain possible quality-of-life changes. Understanding the factors that affect changes in quality of life over time is particularly important to provide adequate care. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered to 261 patients (77 percent),with a three-year interval. Background characteristics, including demographic and clinical variables, and psychosocial variables (i.e., self-esteem, mastery, social support, disease cognition) were measured on one occasion. Generic and disease-specific quality of life were measured twice. RESULTS: On average patients indicated no change in quality-of-life level after three years. However, variance in the change scores revealed individual variation, indicating the presence of patients who improved and patients who deteriorated. Patients who were female, older, have other congenital diseases, or a stoma reported poorer quality of life over time. The psychosocial variable “disease cognition“ most strongly affected the change in quality of life of patients with anorectal malformations or Hirschsprung’s disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our results could alert clinicians to patients who are at risk for quality-of-life deterioration and might therefore be in need for extra care. Our findings illustrate the importance of psychosocial functioning for enhancing the quality of life over time of these patients.

Rome Ⅲ survey of irritable bowel syndrome among ethnic Malays

AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.METHODS:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire was used in the current study.A prospective sample of 232 Malay subjects(80% power) was initially screened.Using a stratified random sampling strategy,a total of 221 Malay subjects(112 subjects in a "full time job" and 109 subjects in "no full time job") were recruited.Subjects were visitors(friends and relatives) within the hospital compound and were representative of the local community.Red flags and psychosocial alarm symptoms were also assessed in the current study using previously translated and validated questionnaires.Subjects with IBS were sub-typed into constipation-predominant,diarrhea-predominant,mixed type and un-subtyped.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for association between socioeconomic factors and presence of red flags and psychosocial alarm features among the Malays with IBS.RESULTS:IBS was present in 10.9%(24/221),red flags in 22.2%(49/221) and psychosocial alarm features in 9.0%(20/221).Red flags were more commonly reported in subjects with IBS(83.3%) than psychosocial alarm features(20.8%,P < 0.001).Subjects with IBS were older(mean age 41.4 years vs 36.9 years,P = 0.08),but no difference in gender was noted(P = 0.4).Using univariable analysis,IBS was significantly associated with a tertiary education,high individual income above RM1000,married status,exsmoker and the presence of red flags(all P < 0.05).In multiple logistic regression analysis,only the presence of red flags was significantly associated with IBS(odds ratio:0.02,95%CI:0.004-0.1,P < 0.001).The commonest IBS sub-type was mixed type(58.3%),followed by constipation-predominant(20.8%),diarrheapredominant(16.7%) and un-subtyped(4.2%).Four of 13 Malay females(30.8%) with IBS also had menstrual pain.Most subjects with IBS had at least one red flag(70.8%),12.5% had two red flags and 16.7% with no red flags.The commonest red flag was a bowel habit change in subjects > 50 years old and this was reported by 16.7% of subjects with IBS.CONCLUSION:Using the Rome Ⅲ criteria,IBS was common among ethnic Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.