女性救赎之路及其困惑——从毕淑敏《女心理师》中的贺顿谈起

在男权话语依然占统治地位的当代话语框架下,女性作家毕淑敏力图通过对笔下的女主人公贺顿作反传统的刻画,使主人公贺顿在自我救赎中凸现女性主体,达到对女性社会性属的再建构,消解已有的女性在社会的第二性别。但其在叙述过程中对身体表述的自我怀疑,又造成了贺顿在自我救赎中出现难以突围的困囿,而这造成了对自我的否定,在一定程度上也是对男权话语秩序的顺从。

论作为公共卫生伦理基础的“超个体的个体”和“人类生命共同体”——兼论自由主义和社群主义的前提错误

公共卫生伦理最重要的原则或核心价值是“个体权利与整体利益的统一”和“团结互助”。自由主义与社群主义无法为“个体权利与整体利益的统一”提供辩护,还直接造成了“个人权利与共同善的冲突”。同时,自由主义无法为“团结互助”提供超越狭隘的私利的能力;社群主义不能提供独立的个体间的属人的团结互助,也不能提供作为“原子式集体”而存在的不同民族国家之间团结互助的能力。作为人类本真存在方式的“人类生命共同体”和“超个体的个体”是公共卫生伦理的理论基础。自由主义与社群主义的理论前提,即它们对人的社会性、个体、社会与个体的关系的假设,都偏离了人的本真存在方式的需要。公共卫生伦理呼唤以“超个体的个体”和“人类生命共同体”为本位的生命哲学作为其理论资源。同时,在疫情防控中,应充分发挥共产党员作为“超个体的个体”的带头作用。应保护公立医院的制度优势。

Urban Green Space, Uneven Development and Accessibility: A Case of Dalian′s Xigang District

This study examines the socio-spatial context of uneven development and the residential accessibility of green space in Dalian of Liaoning Province, China. The social fairness was analyzed with a community scale as the basis. We combined social scientific methods with a GIS method using a behavior accessibility model from the perspectives of fairness of urban green space allocation based on social geography, geographic information science, management science and many other related discipline theories. The results show that: 1) Most of the urban green space distribution presents an unbalanced phenomenon, and it does not match with the population distribution; 2) We found some differences in the accessibility of the population with different attributes and opportunities to use and enjoy the urban green spaces, mainly due to: the dual social and spatial attributes of the residents and the serious stratum differentiation generated were the internal causes; the residential space differentiation and the pursuit of economic and real estate development were the direct causes; and unreasonable planning, in regard to the fact that government policies did not give consideration to efficiency and fairness, was also an important factor.

Research on Community Structure in Bus Transport Networks

We abstract the bus transport networks(BTNs)to two kinds of complex networks with space L and spaceP methods respectively.Using improved community detecting algorithm(PKM agglomerative algorithm),we analyzethe community property of two kinds of BTNs graphs.The results show that the BTNs graph described with space Lmethod have obvious community property,but the other kind of BTNs graph described with space P method have not.The reason is that the BTNs graph described with space P method have the intense overlapping community propertyand general community division algorithms can not identify this kind of community structure.To overcome this problem,we propose a novel community structure called N-depth community and present a corresponding community detectingalgorithm,which can detect overlapping community.Applying the novel community structure and detecting algorithmto a BTN evolution model described with space P,whose network property agrees well with real BTNs',we get obviouscommunity property.

Children and adolescents with Down syndrome,physical fitness and physical activity

Children(5-12 years) and adolescents(13-19 years) with Down syndrome(DS) possess a set of health,anatomical,physiological, cognitive,and psycho-social attributes predisposing them to limitations on their physical fitness and physical activity(PA) capacities.The paucity of studies and their conflicting findings prevent a clear understanding and/or substantiation of these limitations.The purpose of this article was to review the measurement,determinants and promotion of physical fitness and PA for youth(i.e.,children and adolescents) with DS. The existing body of research indicates that youth with DS:1) have low cardiovascular and muscular fitness/exercise capacity;2) demonstrate a greater prevalence of overweight and obesity;3) a large proportion do not meet the recommended amount of daily aerobic activity;and 4) their PA likely declines through childhood and into adolescence.Future research should focus on:1) strength testing and training protocols;2) methodologies to determine PA levels;and 3) practical interventions to increase PA.

Spatial Patterns of Car Sales and Their Socio-economic Attributes in China

Using data from the Economic Advisory Center of the State Information Center(SIC), we examined the spatial patterns of car sales in China at the prefectural level in 2012. We first analyzed the spatial distributions of car sales of different kinds of automakers(foreign automakers, Sino-foreign joint automakers, and Chinese automakers), and then identified spatial clusters using the local Moran's indexes. Location quotient analysis was applied to examine the relative advantage of each type of automaker in the local markets. To explain the variations of car sales across cities, we collected several socioeconomic variables and conducted regression analyses. Further, factor analysis was used to extract independent variables to avoid the problem of multicollinearity. By incorporating a spatial lag or spatial error in the models, we calibrated our spatial regression models to address the spatial dependence problem. The analytical results show that car sales varied significantly across cities in China, and most of the cities with higher car sales were the developed cities. Different automakers exhibit diverse spatial patterns in terms of car sales volume, spatial clusters, and location quotients. The scale and incomes factor were extracted and verified as the two most significant and positive factors that shape the spatial distributions of car sales, and together with the spatial effect, explained most of the variations of car sales across cities.

Why Is nice and Adj So Much More Frequent than Adj and nice?——From the Perspective of Humans’ Social and Limited-Processing-Capacity Attributes

This paper investigates the phenomenon of imbalance between the frequencies of the nice and Adj and Adj and nice patterns from the perspective of humans’ social and limited-processing-capacity attributes. Humans’ social attribute requires that language users stay informative with minimal effort in communication, resulting in the from-the-least-to-the-most-informative information organization in discourse. Their limited-processing-capacity attribute requires that they resort to the production biases of "easy first" and "plan reuse" in order to achieve communicative efficiency in real-time production. The analysis of the occurrences of the nice and Adj pattern and native speakers’ judgment of the degree of informativeness of nice in these occurrences suggest that nice is largely delexicalized. Such delexicalization makes nice and Adj consistent with the information organization and allows language users to stay informative with the use of the pattern, thus in line with the social attribute, but not Adj and nice. In the meantime, nice is not only highly frequent but also conceptually salient when it comes to the positive property(Panther & Thornburg, 2009), making nice and Adj easier to produce and more likely to be reused than Adj and nice, thus in line with the limited-processing-capacity attribute. The analysis of the unbalanced frequency of the two patterns suggests that human attributes should be considered when studying language form, and this should offer insights into English learning.

The Preference of Sculpture Landscape Types among College Students in Different Psychological States

In this paper, characteristics of sculptures and tiie preference for sculptures of college students in different state of mind were analyzed. A total of 165 college students were invited to participate in the study. The method of image fating was employed to investigate these students,landscape preferences after they completed the Profile of Mood States （POMS）. The results showed that when the sculptures were placed alone, students in a positive mood had a preference for abstract sculptures, students in a negative mood had a preference for figumtive sculptures with unique symbolic meanings, and paftidpatofy sculptures were populous among college students in different emotional states. When sculptures were placed in the environmentj natural elements of die sculptures greatly affected college students, preference＊ Students in a positive mood tended to choose sculpture landscapes combined with plants, and students in a negative mood had a preference for sculpture landscapes with water bodies. There were difFefences in the types of sculptxiie landscapes that the college stxidents in different moods thought can telieve their bad moods. Apart from tiieir current dominant emotions, the results of the stxidy were related to their past experiences, cultural backgrounds,and fimctions,social attributes and symbols of the landscape.

The Attributes of Social Media as a Strategic Marketing Communication Tool

New digital trends are transforming the media industry landscape, modifying elemental characteristics and attitudes of companies as well as of consumers. Firms often claim that their presence in social media （SM） is a key element to success. SM helps companies rethink the traditional one-way flow of their marketing messages and to incorporate a new interactive pattern into their communications. Nevertheless, these tendencies involve problems of strategic myopia for firms that do not structurally integrate these tools. One main problem is that institutions can rarely differentiate between the various types of SM and the attributes thereof, while the literature equally reveals a number of contradictions in the subject. The present conceptual paper lays the foundations of a strategic approach to SM and discusses its theoretical implications. Following an overview on the concept of SM, through a content analysis of the specialized management literature （n = 14）, we present various best practices and reflect on the apparent lack of strategic thinking in using SM as a marketing application. Then, we compare these practical examples with general marketing strategy theory. By merging theory and practice, we aim to provide an insight towards a well-founded application of SM as a genuinely strategic marketing tool.

A National Governance Perspective on the Transformation of Rural Property Rights： The Chinese Experience

Property rights have multiple attributes, and these are correlated with national governance. In the West, property rights have the economic function of maximizing efficiency and the political function of rights protection, but in China, they also have a strong social character. With the modernization of national governance, these functions interact with and transform each other. When the state＇s ability to supply public goods is relatively weak, property rights take on more of a social character, meeting public demand for welfare at the grassroots level. When the state is better able to provide public goods, the social function of property rights lessens as their economic function grows. The social character of property rights was the institutional foundation for China, as a huge agrarian state, to realize ＂governance through inaction,＂ and at the same time was the secret key that could break the code to the millennial continuity of Chinese agrarian civilization. Reforms including the collectivization of rural property rights after 1949, the ＂separation of two rights＂ （to collective ownership and household contracted land, with a focus on the latter）, and the ＂separation of three rights,＂ （to collective ownership, household contracts and revitalized land management）. These changes constitute a process in which the economic function of property rights has been growing while their social character has lessened under conditions of national governance modernization.

Continuous Multiplicative Attribute Graph Model

Network modeling is an important approach in many fields in analyzing complex systems. Recently new series of methods have emerged, by using Kronecker product and similar tools to model real systems. One of such approaches is the multiplicative attribute graph(MAG) model, which generates networks based on category attributes of nodes. In this paper we try to extend this model into a continuous one, give an overview of its properties, and discuss some special cases related to real-world networks, as well as the influence of attribute distribution and affinity function respectively.