In the process of transition from one social order to another, immigrants implement intentional or circumstantial adjustment strategies to position themselves in the new social structure, Within the broad perspective ...In the process of transition from one social order to another, immigrants implement intentional or circumstantial adjustment strategies to position themselves in the new social structure, Within the broad perspective of immigrants＇ incorporation into the receiving society, the present paper focuses on analysis at the micro-level, i,e., bottom-up strategies. These coping strategies define the social positioning of an individual. Through the structure-agency theoretical framework, this article analyses adjustment strategies used by immigrants in order to become members of the receiving society. This is discovered through semi-structured biographical interviews with female immigrants to Germany from former Soviet countries conducted by the author in 2012-2013 in Kaiserslautern. Several positioning strategies emerged in the course of these interviews： ＂destination as a way to a better life＂; ＂trip to joint self＂ which includes ＂identity as a task＂ and change of the behavioral patterns; shift in gender roles; usage of the imported educational capital; work of a ＂stranger next door＂; and social networking, The analysis of immigrants＇ adjustment strategies allows one to see the complexity of the incorporation processes into the receiving society： from essential personality traits such as imagination and aspirations, identity and roles to practically applicable aspects such as education, work, and networking.展开更多
Loneliness can be best described as a kind of first-hand, painful experience etched in the inner world of an individual＇s psyche. It arises fi＇om some degree of estrangement between the subject and the object （natu...Loneliness can be best described as a kind of first-hand, painful experience etched in the inner world of an individual＇s psyche. It arises fi＇om some degree of estrangement between the subject and the object （nature, society and beliefs）. The root causes of individual loneliness lie in the unfortunate tension between the needs of the subject and the possibility of realizing these needs, the consciousness of transcendence on the part of the subject and the limited extent of this transcendence. The impacts of loneliness are multi-layered, multi-dimensional and dialectical. Relative to urban order, loneliness can be regarded as a unity of construction and dissolution. As a result of modemity, loneliness is, first in the West, becoming a universal psychological phenomenon in modem societies, particularly the modem urban societies. Since China is now undergoing rapid modernization, loneliness in China＇s urban society parallels that in urban societies around the world. The weakening of the family worship and beliefs traditionally found in Chinese society gives loneliness in urban China a localized coloration.It is thus very necessary to proceed from China＇s realities to explore practical measures to construct a sound psychological and urban order in contemporary China.展开更多
Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with ...Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with similar security and/or economic interests will experience fewer conflict onsets. This study begins with research treating interest similarity as a ＂facilitating condition for conflict,＂ and argues that in addition to security interest, capitalist economic policies that lead to the deeper integration of an economy into international markets should be considered one of the ultimate driving forces of peace. By discussing a brief description of bilateral peace in the China-Taiwan dyad, this article concludes that the China- Taiwan dyad has less possibility of encountering military conflict if both governments can maintain similarity in their security interests. Moreover, the author distinguishes different models in capitalist peace theory, which include the free-market and the social-market. Accordingly, this article examines three different prestigious capitalist models： trade, capital openness, and contract-intensive economy as social- market theory. The results suggest that the China-Taiwan case is an appropriate case for the trade （Weede, Economic development, social order, and world politics, 1996） and capital openness models （Gartzke, Am J Polit Sci 51（1）： 166-191, 2007）. Future studies need to be more aware of the model chosen for capitalist peace on cross-Strait relations.展开更多
文摘In the process of transition from one social order to another, immigrants implement intentional or circumstantial adjustment strategies to position themselves in the new social structure, Within the broad perspective of immigrants＇ incorporation into the receiving society, the present paper focuses on analysis at the micro-level, i,e., bottom-up strategies. These coping strategies define the social positioning of an individual. Through the structure-agency theoretical framework, this article analyses adjustment strategies used by immigrants in order to become members of the receiving society. This is discovered through semi-structured biographical interviews with female immigrants to Germany from former Soviet countries conducted by the author in 2012-2013 in Kaiserslautern. Several positioning strategies emerged in the course of these interviews： ＂destination as a way to a better life＂; ＂trip to joint self＂ which includes ＂identity as a task＂ and change of the behavioral patterns; shift in gender roles; usage of the imported educational capital; work of a ＂stranger next door＂; and social networking, The analysis of immigrants＇ adjustment strategies allows one to see the complexity of the incorporation processes into the receiving society： from essential personality traits such as imagination and aspirations, identity and roles to practically applicable aspects such as education, work, and networking.
基金This research is jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation （serial number： 71073108） and the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Program of the Ministry of Education, China （serial number： 08JA630054）.
文摘Loneliness can be best described as a kind of first-hand, painful experience etched in the inner world of an individual＇s psyche. It arises fi＇om some degree of estrangement between the subject and the object （nature, society and beliefs）. The root causes of individual loneliness lie in the unfortunate tension between the needs of the subject and the possibility of realizing these needs, the consciousness of transcendence on the part of the subject and the limited extent of this transcendence. The impacts of loneliness are multi-layered, multi-dimensional and dialectical. Relative to urban order, loneliness can be regarded as a unity of construction and dissolution. As a result of modemity, loneliness is, first in the West, becoming a universal psychological phenomenon in modem societies, particularly the modem urban societies. Since China is now undergoing rapid modernization, loneliness in China＇s urban society parallels that in urban societies around the world. The weakening of the family worship and beliefs traditionally found in Chinese society gives loneliness in urban China a localized coloration.It is thus very necessary to proceed from China＇s realities to explore practical measures to construct a sound psychological and urban order in contemporary China.
文摘Studies in this article support the peace-building effects of interest similarity, and we have to re-evaluate the current world peace through a new lens of interest. Previous research has informed us that states with similar security and/or economic interests will experience fewer conflict onsets. This study begins with research treating interest similarity as a ＂facilitating condition for conflict,＂ and argues that in addition to security interest, capitalist economic policies that lead to the deeper integration of an economy into international markets should be considered one of the ultimate driving forces of peace. By discussing a brief description of bilateral peace in the China-Taiwan dyad, this article concludes that the China- Taiwan dyad has less possibility of encountering military conflict if both governments can maintain similarity in their security interests. Moreover, the author distinguishes different models in capitalist peace theory, which include the free-market and the social-market. Accordingly, this article examines three different prestigious capitalist models： trade, capital openness, and contract-intensive economy as social- market theory. The results suggest that the China-Taiwan case is an appropriate case for the trade （Weede, Economic development, social order, and world politics, 1996） and capital openness models （Gartzke, Am J Polit Sci 51（1）： 166-191, 2007）. Future studies need to be more aware of the model chosen for capitalist peace on cross-Strait relations.
