社会小生境的概念、特征及其结构演化

生态学中揭示物种生存状况的"小生境"概念与理论为提出描述人类生存与发展环境的"社会小生境"概念提供了学理基础。社会小生境是社会个体生存所需的保护空间,包括自然环境、文化、场域以及社会网络保护空间。自然环境保护空间是基础,其他保护空间反作用于自然保护空间。文化、场域和社会网络保护空间相互嵌入。社会小生境具有唯一性、竞争性、互利性、可塑性、复杂性等特征,其结构随着社会经济变迁而演进。只有利他的文化保护空间作主导,才可能不断地优化其他保护空间,从而改善整体社会小生境。

橡胶种植对基诺族生境与社会文化的影响

20世纪80年代以来,随着发展政策的调整,橡胶、砂仁、西番莲等经济作物被基诺族引进种植,传统的农业形式逐渐改变。特别是随着橡胶价格的上涨,自20世纪末以来,整个基诺山橡胶树种植面积不断扩大,能够种植作物的山地基本上都种上了橡胶树。而在此过程中,基诺族聚居地的生态环境和基诺族的社会文化都发生了变迁。

社会小生境视角下高校寝室文化建设实践路径

高校寝室是大学生学习和生活的地方,也是大学文化建设的重要阵地.现阶段寝室文化建设存在三个方面问题:协同育人机制尚未建立;寝室文化建设载体不足;学生的自主性相对较差.因此,借助社会小生境理论,从高校和学生两个维度提出推动寝室文化建设的总体要求,通过推进协同育人机制建设,丰富寝室文化建设平台和坚持分类指导精准帮扶等措施,着力实现高校寝室文化建设的制度化和规范化.

社会小生境:建构高校创新型创业育人新体系

高校建构创新型创业育人新体系是主动适应新时代高等教育发展的历史选择,是提升高校育人质量的有效举措,是培养担当民族复兴大任时代新人的重要行动。随着高校创新创业教育进入深水区,提升创新创业教育水平,提高创新型创业人才培养质量已经迫在眉睫。以社会小生境理论为指导,通过丰富创新创业课程体系建设,开展科研反哺创新创业教育工程,构筑"三全育人"全新人才培养模式,规范制度保障等方式,全面建构创新型创业人才培养新体系。

论民族生境与民族文化建构

民族学经过一个多世纪的探索,逐步地达成了一个共识,建构一种文化并不是一件轻而易举的事情。文化是指导人类生存发展延续的信息系统,文化的建构是以所处自然生态系统为底本,以并存的社会生态系统为参照,文化这一信息系统不断偏离与回归所处自然生态系统与社会生态系统,在世代延续过程中逐步认知、积累其成败的经验与教训,并在传承的过程中不断地完善和丰富起来。民族以文化为分野,不同民族所处自然环境与社会环境互有差异,这就形成了民族生境的差异性,而民族生境的差异性也同样会建构出不同民族文化事实体系的差异性来。

侗族大歌生境探析

侗族大歌有着特定的自然生境、社会生境和文化生境。从某种意义上来说,正是特定生境的规约,使得这一民间音乐形态为侗民族所独有。现代化浪潮席卷全球,侗族大歌传习区域的自然和人文生态均发生了剧烈变化。音乐生境的变动,对侗族大歌将带来怎样的变化?这需要从自然、社会、文化的生态调适中寻找答案。只有把侗族大歌视为一种顺应自然、融入社会、尊重传统的活态文化,而不是一种文化化石,才有可能为它在全球化背景下的保护与传承求得正解。

古琴的新时代生境与工艺改良的初步思考

古琴艺术是中国传统艺术中的重要一种,是世界非物质文化遗产。其长久以来受到文化阶层的限制,成为一种小众的高雅艺术形式。在新的形势下,世界环境发生了巨大的变化,科学技术的进步和高等教育的逐步普及化,古琴在新的生态环境中也必须要变化,应顺势而为。古琴的音量小、工艺复杂等问题已十分突出,限制了它的新发展,迫切需要改良,唯有改良才是其在新形势下突破性发展的必要条件。古琴的改良可以为古琴艺术的演出大众化和教育现代化做出十分重大的贡献,是一次积极地探索。

旅游展演与活态保护的互动与发展路径——以云南纳西族东巴文化为例

本研究以纳西族东巴文化为例,通过对三个案例点的实地调查分析说明旅游展演与活态保护之间存在着特定的互动关系,基于旅游开发的不同程度及旅游展演的类型差异所产生的活态保护效应也不同,而且其互动差异主要与旅游场域的特殊社会结构、社会群体和发展趋势有关。同时,"生境—空间—仪式—物—人"的保护机制构建有利于旅游目的地民族文化的活态性,而过度地进行旅游展演或强调其作用都极易导致文化商业化,良性的互动可维护民族地区旅游业可持续发展与现代民族文化的和谐共赢发展并产生积极的社会示范效应。

ECOLOGICAL SECURITY EVALUATION OF SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN KARST MOUNTAINOUS AREA—A Case Study of Du'an Yao Autonomous County in Guangxi

Ecological security is the main task and applied field of present geography, resources and environment sciences and ecology. Ecological security evaluation will efficiently promote ecological security and environmental construction in regional land use. In this thesis, the authors put forward the index system of ecological security evaluation in karst mountainous area on three aspects, the pressure of resources and eco-environment, the quality of resources and eco-environment, and the ability of environmental protection and ecological improvement. Using the evaluation method with single index, based on the case study ofDu'an Yao Autonomous County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the system of synthetic regionalization of ecological agricultural economy was formed, which includes three regions, south region with basic security and synthetic agricultural development, east region with critical security and agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry balanced development, mid-west and south region with ecological insecurity and compounded agriculture and forestry management. Meanwhile, for these regions, the countermeasures of sustainable agricultural development were pointed out, which provide the basis and example for ecological regulation and control of sustainable agricultural development in counties ofkarst mountainous area.

Depression Among Arab Students in Israel： The Contribution of Religiosity, Happiness, Social Support and Self-control

This study examines the correlation ~mong a number of personal and environmental resources that can recluce u^pz-~on, These are： religiosity, happiness, social support, and self-controL The participants in the study consisted of 219 Arab students from teacher training colleges in the Triangle region in central Israel. The findings indicate that all the resources that were examined contribute to reducing the level of depression; in other words, significant negative correlations were found between the level of religiosity, happiness, social support and self-control on the one hand, and the level of depression on the other hand. These findings are consistent with those of other studies conducted elsewhere in the world on different populations CChristian and lewish, as well as Muslim）. The present study and its findings are, however, the first to address the understanding of depression among the populace in question. The findings were discussed in accordance with a number of different theories.

A grey dynamic model for the evaluation of regional sustainable development and its empirical study

Currently, traditional development issues, such as economic stagnation, as well as new challenges like environmental degradation and globalization, need attention. Sustainable development, including economic, environmental, and social elements, is a main goal of decision-makers. The key to sustainable decision-making is to evaluate and forecast the status quo of sustainable development. Policy makers need a tool based on scientific information to forecast the effects of future actions on sustainability and make policies for sustainable development. This paper analyzes the relation of the economy, environment and social welfare by the grey dynamic model. The proposed method uses time series and basic indicators of ecological system, including economic, environmental and social sub-systems. It is applied to Heilongjiang Province and Jiangsu Province. The results have proved different status quo of sustainable development in these two regions, and suggestions are proposed, such as optimization of industrial structure and eco-industrial development. The conclusion is that there is no unique sustainable path, and accordingly, policy makers should choose different criteria and strategies to make efficient sustainable decisions for each region.

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper proposes a concept of industrial ecosystem. Differ from ecologists and environmentalists who regard industrial ecosystem as the natural ecosystems in which material, energy and information circulates, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consists of three sub-systems that are innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors that include factor supply, infrastructure, socio-cultural environment, international environment and policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized by interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery and co-evolution. The development of an industry is＇ the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem; therefore, the competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is in essence the competition in industrial ecosystems. Those countries which are able to take the lead in setting up complete industrial ecosystem will occupy advantage in developing strategic emerging industries. Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries requires promoting the development and coordination of the whole ecosystem.

Correlation Between Economic Development Level and Landscape Pattern in Beijing Peri-urban Areas

With the rapid changes of demographic and socio-economic structure, various ecological and environmental problems have emerged in peri-urban areas. Studies on the correlation between socio-economic development and eco-environmental preservation are inadequate. This paper analyzes the landscape pattern of peri-urban areas to address this issue. First, it studies the differentiation of economic development levels in Beijing peri-urban areas. Then, it explores the correlation between economic development level of each town and its landscape pattern using Pearson Correlation and grade difference indices. Furthermore, it summarizes the problems within current landscape pattern. Three conclusions are drawn from the analysis: (1) on the whole, the economic de- velopment level in Beijing peri-urban areas basically matches with landscape pattern; (2) landscape contagion degree decreases with the growth of economic development level in as much as 30% of Beijing peri-urban areas. This is an irrational phenomenon accord- ing to our judgment; (3) landscape fragmentation grades in more than half of the towns are higher than their economic development grades, suggesting that attention should be paid to excessive fragmentation of land use.

Identifi cation of national priority areas for adaptation to climate change in China

The problem of global warming has been identif ied as the f irst in the list of the top ten environmental prob-lems in the world.As climate change will seriously affect the social and natural world that people live in,so it may lay serious repercussions on economic progress,social improvement,and sustainable development.International bodies everywhere and many of the countries' governments are responding urgently to this call.In recent years,climate change has affected different regions in China in different ways.In its national agenda,the Chinese government should address the problem of climate change and its negative impact on socio-economic development.In this endeavor the nation should introduce policies which will help its people and economy to adapt to these effects and changes.Priorityf ields of adaptation to climate change are the sensitive areas or departments which are more vulnerable to the negative influences of climate change.The negative impacts of climate change in some parts of China are considered to be very serious indeed as they affect the whole economy and community.As a result,priority should be given to these more affected regions for the limited state f inancing.This paper def ines adaptation and discusses the basic principles and programs in the identif ication of national priority areas where adaptation should be exercised.Based on the past studies,four priority areas in China are identif ied,namely,disaster prevention and mitigation,water resources,agriculture,and ecosystem.An analysis on the identifi cation procedures,and the reasons and tasks involved are given for each.

Building a Community for the Senior Citizens Using the Idea of Vertical Farms

Global population growth and urbanization have posed increasing threats to the ecological environment. In an aging society, high-density living spaces have resulted in intensifying housing concerns for urban senior citizens. Among the rapid urban development, addressing the demands of senior citizens for suitable living environments and enabling senior city dwellers to engage in diversified social interactions are concerns that necessitate public attention. This study introduced the idea of the “vertical farm” to the living environments of senior citizens. By integrating vegetation appreciation and physical labor, vertical farming allows senior citizens to experience joy and a sense of accomplishment. In addition, these farms can change the monotonous and gloomy exteriors of concrete buildings. By conducting in-depth interviews with 12 senior citizens residing in the Happiness Community in Taipei City, by building vertical farms, senior citizens can experience joy and a sense of achievement at the psychological level and communicate with families, friends and neighbors in the community at a social level. At the environmental level, comprehensive ecological communities can be achieved. We explored how promoting vertical farms in a living environment can affect senior citizens at the psychological, social and environmental levels. The results can be used to build vertical farms that accommodate the needs of senior citizen living environments.

Research on Occurrence Mechanism of Public Security Emergency from the perspective of the Structure Box

Public security emergency is a public crisis event, and we cannot anticipate the specific time, actual scale, specific situation and influence depth of emergencies. If the emergencies are not under control, the crisis will get worse and its destructive energy will be released quickly.Structure box is an invisible closed system which is constructed by local politics, economy, and culture. Namely, structure box is local social ecological environment. Structure box is a closed area which is full of anger. Therefore, in such environment with too much pressure, we need an outlet to release pressure. Anger is the social and psychological basis of the emotional resonance of onlooker, when the fuse incident occurred, so that the widespread anger in structure box will find the spotlight. The words and actions of the leaders in the informal group will produce a great social infection and circulatory response, and groups’ stirring will cause emotional resonance which is easy to burst. Thus, irrational behavior may caused by people. This processcan use five links to describe： occurrence of fuse events, information diffusion, emotional resonance, situational catalysis, control failure, and occurrence of public security emergency. This is the occurrence mechanism of public security emergency.

An evaluation system for suitability of urban public rental housing construction in Chongqing

A social problem that low-income people are unable to purchase houses in urban areas has been focused in recent years and the housing security system has also become an important part of the social security system. In recent years, public rental houses appeared as a new type of affordable houses. The national government took the construction of public rental houses to the national strategic level. Currently, there are many problems in the public rental house construction. For example, policy mechanisms are inadequate, the use of funding is not in an efficient way, the location of public rental houses is far away from the downtown, the plot ratio is too high, and facilities are incomplete. There are no appropriate indicators to comprehensively evaluate the public rental house construction. Based on the livable evaluation system in Chongqing, we selected four aspects of relevant indicators as the economic suitability, environmental suitability, social suitability, and life suitability to establish the public rental house construction suitability evaluation system.

Community structure changes of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea

The ecological environment in the Yellow Sea has changed greatly from the 1950s to 1990s and this has had significant impact on marine organisms. In this study, data on soft-sediment macrobenthos occurring in depths from 25 m to 81 m in the South Yellow Sea were used to compare changes in community structure. The agglomerative classification (CLUSTER) and multidimensional scaling (MDS) methods were applied. Five communities were recognized by cluster analysis: 1. The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass community dominated by cold water species, which changed slightly in species composition since the 1950s; 2. The mixed community with the coexistence of cold water species and warm water species, as had been reported previously; 3. The polychaete-dominated eurythermal community in which the composition changed considerably as some dominant species disappeared or decreased; 4. The Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuarine community, with some typical estuarine species; 5. The community affected by the Yellow Sea Warm Current. The greatest change occurred in the coastal area, which indicated that the change may be caused by human activities. Macrobenthos in the central region remained almost unchanged, particularly the cold water species shielded by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass. The depth, temperature and median grain size of sediments were important factors affecting the distributions of macrobenthos in the South Yellow Sea.

The research on the welfare of the China disabled children

The disabled children are a special people; but we pay little attention to them. At the same time, we study the welfare of the disabled children very little. As many problems on the disabled children presented in front of people, their welfare are generally put forward. The proportion of the disabled children＇s welfare is relatively small in the social welfare system of china; paying attention to the disabled children＇s welfare of china; getting to know the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china and establishing the disabled children＇s welfare pattern of china based the present situation of the disabled children＇s welfare of china will be good for the rescue of the disabled children of china. That can give them a hand to make them live in a good living environment. Improving and perfecting the system of the disabled children＇s welfare of china; safeguarding the rights and interest of the disabled children of china; forming a good social atmosphere; building a harmonious society and improve the level of civilization are the benefit of the new system.

Cultural and Socio-economical Dimensions a- Human Reproduction and Sex Education in the Biology Textbooks of Eight Countries

This study was carried out within the European research project ＂Biology, Health and Environmental Education for Better Citizenship＂. It is a comparative analysis of textbooks from eight Mediterranean countries which differ by their cultures, their socio-economical levels, and their religions. This work is focused on the sensitive educational topic ＂Human Reproduction and Sex Education＂. And 43 biology textbooks are analyzed among eight countries： four are in Europe and four in Africa and Middle East. Grids were built to identify implicit values in the texts and images. It is a more precisely explicit or implicit presence of cultural, socio-economical, and ethical dimensions. The investigation concerns whether the authors of textbooks present differently this theme depending on the socio-cultural, ethical, and religious contexts. The content of the textbooks was analyzed as reflecting the conceptions of their authors and publishers. The outcomes of the analyses show that several textbooks present images of human beings restricted to only one ethnic type, usually white-skinned and with fair hair. The social, cultural, economical, and ethical dimensions were generally absent, except for some interest for them in few European textbooks.