The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book publ...The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book published in the country （with a very long Russian title containing 35 words） as a cultural product of the Enlightenment Age produced by its representative. In the introduction to the dictionary the compiler says that the publication would help young people develop a taste for refined entertainment and reject violent leisure activities of the past, enjoy theatre and learn life moral lessons from it. He considers theatre as a powerful means of changing Russian society as has been demanded by the Enlightenment Age. The structural and sociocultural analyses of 1787 Drama Dictionary materials give us an insight into some ways of westernising Russian society through theatre and how this westernisation was reflected in the theatre terminology of the time. I have argued that Russian-European Relationships resulting in the westernisation of Russian theatre theory and practices went hand in hand with the Russian translation-adaptation of Western plays and adaptation of some Western cultural patterns of social thinking and behaviour without rejecting completely the national identity in newly-born Russian dramatic literature.展开更多
Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to whi...Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to which multiple institutions and journals have been dedicated. This paper presents an outline of the discipline of Cultural Psychology from an American interdisciplinary perspective. The pitfalls of General Psychology （research methodology, politicization, and an essentialist hermeneutic） and Anthropology （an epistemological gap in the four fields approach, psychophobia, and the role of the researcher in cultural change） are addressed, in turn. Cultural Psychology provides an alternative to these pitfalls by drawing on the strengths of each discipline to address both theoretical and empirical problems. Cultural Psychology urges for a critical reflection on the social structure and history of its own discipline, resulting in a broader academic canon and a more nuanced understanding of interdisciplinary relations within the human sciences.展开更多
Peter Burke once said, using images as historical evidence could not only stand as proof of political events, economic trend, and social structure, but also as an illustration of the history of daily life, material cu...Peter Burke once said, using images as historical evidence could not only stand as proof of political events, economic trend, and social structure, but also as an illustration of the history of daily life, material culture, mental state, and physical body. Photography is the extension of human vision, the appearance of which has changed the way in which people see the world, molded the subject identity of modernity, and participated in the social construction of visual modernity. To witness the history is not the only purpose of studying on photograph-based pictorials in the republican period, for which it is more important to provide visual reference for the construction of China＇s modernization, and to witness the multiplicity, mobility, and inner-diversity of modernity.展开更多
In analysing a speech genre, genre analysis is applied. Genre analysis is a recent trend in discourse analysis. It combines socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspect of text construction and interpretation. This anal...In analysing a speech genre, genre analysis is applied. Genre analysis is a recent trend in discourse analysis. It combines socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspect of text construction and interpretation. This analysis aims to show what extent surface linguistic forms align with given standardized communicative events. To construct a text, a speaker should master its schematic structure. The schematic structure consists of organizing the rhetoric. It covers the macro-stages which can be classified into introductory stage, body stage, and concluding stage. The rhetorical organization/structure （micro moves） of a speech genre includes ＂opening marker＂, ＂gambit＂, ＂narration＂, and ＂marker＂ in the introductory stage; ＂claim＂, ＂confutation＂, ＂confirmation＂, and ＂concession＂ in the body stage; ＂marker＂, ＂appeal/recommendation＂, and a closing in the body stage. By studying the schematic structure, it can be recognized how the students construct the genre, whether they follow the linear pattern offered or their construction of speech is influenced by their native cultural way of thinking. In sequencing the micro moves, the students followed the sequence offered in the framework of speech genre. Although there was a slight difference in sequencing the moves, in general the students have conformed to the proposed sequence. The variety of sequencing the moves was prompted by the native language and cultural background （Javanese and Chinese）. Since rhetorical organization varies from culture to culotte, it can be tolerated that the students have a variety in sequencing the moves.展开更多
With the continuous development of the times, cultivating students＇ cross-cultural consciousness is becoming increasingly urgent. The development of new situation requires that college English teachers should also st...With the continuous development of the times, cultivating students＇ cross-cultural consciousness is becoming increasingly urgent. The development of new situation requires that college English teachers should also strengthen students＇ cultural content education and cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness, in order to stimulate students＇ learning interest, optimize students＇ knowledge structure and improve students＇ social cultural ability while introducing language knowledge and conducting listening, speaking, reading and writing training for students. Then, how to cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness in college English teaching？ This paper takes it as the theme for analysis, hoping to improve college English teaching quality.展开更多
Language is the cartier of culture, and also it is a mirror of society. Different social and cultural gender discrimination are inevitably reflected through the use of language. This article studies gender discriminat...Language is the cartier of culture, and also it is a mirror of society. Different social and cultural gender discrimination are inevitably reflected through the use of language. This article studies gender discrimination in English and Chinese respectively, from the structre of words, title, name, word order, vocabulary and slang and other aspects.展开更多
the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of s...the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of space structure and brand culture, the design rules of commercial stores＇ space have made changes of times. Taking consumers as the main body, the space of commercial stores has gradually focused on humanization and characterization.展开更多
The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ...The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ago to a situation of uncertainty and huge social demands and challenges. In this context, it is suggested to rethink the role of structure in architecture, such as an enabler, a guide and a catalyst. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic, cultural and social context in which architecture develops nowadays. The method, to suggest a discussion on which role the structure may adopt in the architecture to come. The achievement, to highlight its potential to face current requirements and challenges.展开更多
This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of t...This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy展开更多
Pragmatic rationality and scientific and technological developments in modem society have jointly put an end to classical myth and consigned it to the historical museum of the spiritual culture. However, mythical thin...Pragmatic rationality and scientific and technological developments in modem society have jointly put an end to classical myth and consigned it to the historical museum of the spiritual culture. However, mythical thinking and consciousness are synchronically hidden in our psychological structures and still exert an important influence on civilizations and cultures. In the modem and postmodem historical and cultural context, myth hides in our spiritual and cultural activities in various altered forms. Having evolved into a mythic form in the contemporary sense, it continues to play a powerful psychological role and to act as a midwife of conscious activities and forms. Contemporary myth typically comprises science myth, consumption myth and hero myth. It has inherited the symbols and structures of traditional myth, but with some developments and variations; in particular, by means of science and technology, it has acquired broader and richer social ingredients and swift and intensive modes of transmission, producing a widespread and far-reaching influence on various aspects of society.展开更多
When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduce...When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diver- sity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitch- hiking in socially structured populations. The models＇ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa展开更多
文摘The Russian theatre has not been neglected in the studies on theatre history, literary criticism and dramatic arts. The paper attempts to have a look at the 1787 Drama Dictionary, the first theatre reference book published in the country （with a very long Russian title containing 35 words） as a cultural product of the Enlightenment Age produced by its representative. In the introduction to the dictionary the compiler says that the publication would help young people develop a taste for refined entertainment and reject violent leisure activities of the past, enjoy theatre and learn life moral lessons from it. He considers theatre as a powerful means of changing Russian society as has been demanded by the Enlightenment Age. The structural and sociocultural analyses of 1787 Drama Dictionary materials give us an insight into some ways of westernising Russian society through theatre and how this westernisation was reflected in the theatre terminology of the time. I have argued that Russian-European Relationships resulting in the westernisation of Russian theatre theory and practices went hand in hand with the Russian translation-adaptation of Western plays and adaptation of some Western cultural patterns of social thinking and behaviour without rejecting completely the national identity in newly-born Russian dramatic literature.
文摘Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to which multiple institutions and journals have been dedicated. This paper presents an outline of the discipline of Cultural Psychology from an American interdisciplinary perspective. The pitfalls of General Psychology （research methodology, politicization, and an essentialist hermeneutic） and Anthropology （an epistemological gap in the four fields approach, psychophobia, and the role of the researcher in cultural change） are addressed, in turn. Cultural Psychology provides an alternative to these pitfalls by drawing on the strengths of each discipline to address both theoretical and empirical problems. Cultural Psychology urges for a critical reflection on the social structure and history of its own discipline, resulting in a broader academic canon and a more nuanced understanding of interdisciplinary relations within the human sciences.
文摘Peter Burke once said, using images as historical evidence could not only stand as proof of political events, economic trend, and social structure, but also as an illustration of the history of daily life, material culture, mental state, and physical body. Photography is the extension of human vision, the appearance of which has changed the way in which people see the world, molded the subject identity of modernity, and participated in the social construction of visual modernity. To witness the history is not the only purpose of studying on photograph-based pictorials in the republican period, for which it is more important to provide visual reference for the construction of China＇s modernization, and to witness the multiplicity, mobility, and inner-diversity of modernity.
文摘In analysing a speech genre, genre analysis is applied. Genre analysis is a recent trend in discourse analysis. It combines socio-cultural and psycholinguistic aspect of text construction and interpretation. This analysis aims to show what extent surface linguistic forms align with given standardized communicative events. To construct a text, a speaker should master its schematic structure. The schematic structure consists of organizing the rhetoric. It covers the macro-stages which can be classified into introductory stage, body stage, and concluding stage. The rhetorical organization/structure （micro moves） of a speech genre includes ＂opening marker＂, ＂gambit＂, ＂narration＂, and ＂marker＂ in the introductory stage; ＂claim＂, ＂confutation＂, ＂confirmation＂, and ＂concession＂ in the body stage; ＂marker＂, ＂appeal/recommendation＂, and a closing in the body stage. By studying the schematic structure, it can be recognized how the students construct the genre, whether they follow the linear pattern offered or their construction of speech is influenced by their native cultural way of thinking. In sequencing the micro moves, the students followed the sequence offered in the framework of speech genre. Although there was a slight difference in sequencing the moves, in general the students have conformed to the proposed sequence. The variety of sequencing the moves was prompted by the native language and cultural background （Javanese and Chinese）. Since rhetorical organization varies from culture to culotte, it can be tolerated that the students have a variety in sequencing the moves.
文摘With the continuous development of the times, cultivating students＇ cross-cultural consciousness is becoming increasingly urgent. The development of new situation requires that college English teachers should also strengthen students＇ cultural content education and cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness, in order to stimulate students＇ learning interest, optimize students＇ knowledge structure and improve students＇ social cultural ability while introducing language knowledge and conducting listening, speaking, reading and writing training for students. Then, how to cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness in college English teaching？ This paper takes it as the theme for analysis, hoping to improve college English teaching quality.
文摘Language is the cartier of culture, and also it is a mirror of society. Different social and cultural gender discrimination are inevitably reflected through the use of language. This article studies gender discrimination in English and Chinese respectively, from the structre of words, title, name, word order, vocabulary and slang and other aspects.
文摘the issues on space design of commercial stores are the main social problems that people put forward to enjoy life after the development of the national market economy in recent period. Because of the restriction of space structure and brand culture, the design rules of commercial stores＇ space have made changes of times. Taking consumers as the main body, the space of commercial stores has gradually focused on humanization and characterization.
文摘The recent establishment of a digital culture and society, together with current financial crisis and urgent energetic and climatic needs, has radically changed the architectural scene from the optimism of some years ago to a situation of uncertainty and huge social demands and challenges. In this context, it is suggested to rethink the role of structure in architecture, such as an enabler, a guide and a catalyst. The purpose of this paper is to present the economic, cultural and social context in which architecture develops nowadays. The method, to suggest a discussion on which role the structure may adopt in the architecture to come. The achievement, to highlight its potential to face current requirements and challenges.
文摘This paper focuses on the language policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is intended to invite the readers for the broadening of the debate on the issues raised. The 20th century, for Kazakhs, became a century of tragic events which transformed them into the minority on their own native land. In spite of many collisions in history Kazakhs have not lost their language, the main wealth. At the beginning of the 21st century, Kazakhstan has tackled a lot of problems, connected with national and ethnic issues, social structure, and foreign and home policy. The influence of globalization is felt in every sphere of life in Kazakhstan. Serious ethno-demographic changes have occurred after gaining independence. Kazakhstan from the state with two dominating Kazakh and Russian diasporas has turned to the state with dominating one, the Kazakh ethnos. State language of the Republic of Kazakhstan now is Kazakh due to implementation of language policy
文摘Pragmatic rationality and scientific and technological developments in modem society have jointly put an end to classical myth and consigned it to the historical museum of the spiritual culture. However, mythical thinking and consciousness are synchronically hidden in our psychological structures and still exert an important influence on civilizations and cultures. In the modem and postmodem historical and cultural context, myth hides in our spiritual and cultural activities in various altered forms. Having evolved into a mythic form in the contemporary sense, it continues to play a powerful psychological role and to act as a midwife of conscious activities and forms. Contemporary myth typically comprises science myth, consumption myth and hero myth. It has inherited the symbols and structures of traditional myth, but with some developments and variations; in particular, by means of science and technology, it has acquired broader and richer social ingredients and swift and intensive modes of transmission, producing a widespread and far-reaching influence on various aspects of society.
文摘When selection increases the frequency of a beneficial gene substitution it can also increase the frequencies of linked neutral alleles through a process called genetic hitchhiking. A model built to investigate reduced genetic diversity in Pleistocene hominins shows that genetic hitchhiking can have a strong effect on neutral diversity in the presence of culturally mediated mi- gration. Under conditions in which genetic and cultural variants are transmitted symmetrically, neutral genes may also hitchhike to higher frequencies on the coattails of adaptive cultural traits through a process called cultural hitchhiking. Cultural hitchhiking has been proposed to explain why some species of matrilineal whales display relatively low levels of mitochondrial DNA diver- sity, and it may be applicable to humans as well. This paper provides a critical review of recent models of both types of hitch- hiking in socially structured populations. The models＇ assumptions and predictions are compared and discussed in the hope that studies of reduced genetic diversity in humans might improve our understanding of reduced genetic diversity in other species, and vice versa
