目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻...目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻找性伴、31.9%为放松心理、14.5%为交友;认为网络对自己行为影响很大、较大分别为27.1%、27.9%,认为较小、很小分别为4.6%、2.5%;51.0%以网络进入MSM圈子,69.0%以网络寻找性伴。网络性伴平均年龄为(24.8±6.4)岁,低于其他性伴类型的(36.1±13.5)岁(t′=-7.808,P=0.000),年龄越小、文化程度越高网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=106.322、68.398,P均<0.01),学生及干部职员/其他职业、未婚、同性性取向者网络性伴较高(P均<0.01)。认识当地MSM朋友数≥6,近6月性伴居住城市数≥2,知晓HIV知识,来自咨询服务、来自互联网者网络性伴比例较多,HIV知识信息来自朋友者较少(P均<0.05)。首次性行为年龄越小、累计男性固定性伴数越多、近1周肛交次数越少者网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=15.903、32.802、13.583,P均<0.01);首次性行为对象为男性,近6月性伴数≤3、有男性固定性伴、有保护性主动肛交、有保护性被动肛交者网络性伴比例较大,有女性性行为、有女性固定性伴者网络性伴较少(P均<0.05)。结论 MSM网络活动极为普遍,网络对HIV防治的正面效应和负面作用互显,应针对性探索和加大更适合网络活动MSM特性的网络干预。展开更多
Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating th...Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating the ability of individuals with ASD to process faces is thought to be important for understanding the nature of ASD. However, although a considerable body of evidence suggests that ASD individuals show specific impairments in face processing, a significant number of studies argue otherwise. Through a literature review, we found that this controversy is largely attributable to the different face tests used across different studies. Therefore, a more reliable and valid face test is needed. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis on data gleaned from a variety of face tests conducted on individuals with developmental prosopagnosia(DP) who suffer a selective deficit in face processing. Based on this meta-analysis, we selected an old/new face recognition test that relies on face memory as a standard diagnostic test for measuring specific face processing deficits. This test not only reliably reflects DP individuals' subjective experiences with faces in their daily lives, but also effectively differentiates deficits in face processing from deficits caused by other general problems. In addition, DP individuals' performance in this test predicts their performance in a variety of face tests that examine specific components of face processing(e.g., holistic processing of faces). Finally, this test can be easily administrated and is not overly sensitive to prior knowledge. In summary, this test can be used to evaluate face-processing ability, and it helped to resolve the controversy whether individuals with ASD exhibit face-processing deficits.展开更多
文摘目的了解男男性行为者(men who have sex with men,MSM)人群网络活动及相关因素。方法采用滚雪球抽样法,在固定场所进行MSM人群的招募和寻问式匿名问卷调查。结果在调查的400人中,87.8%常参与MSM相关互联网活动,网络活动目的41.9%为寻找性伴、31.9%为放松心理、14.5%为交友;认为网络对自己行为影响很大、较大分别为27.1%、27.9%,认为较小、很小分别为4.6%、2.5%;51.0%以网络进入MSM圈子,69.0%以网络寻找性伴。网络性伴平均年龄为(24.8±6.4)岁,低于其他性伴类型的(36.1±13.5)岁(t′=-7.808,P=0.000),年龄越小、文化程度越高网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=106.322、68.398,P均<0.01),学生及干部职员/其他职业、未婚、同性性取向者网络性伴较高(P均<0.01)。认识当地MSM朋友数≥6,近6月性伴居住城市数≥2,知晓HIV知识,来自咨询服务、来自互联网者网络性伴比例较多,HIV知识信息来自朋友者较少(P均<0.05)。首次性行为年龄越小、累计男性固定性伴数越多、近1周肛交次数越少者网络性伴比例越大(χ2趋势=15.903、32.802、13.583,P均<0.01);首次性行为对象为男性,近6月性伴数≤3、有男性固定性伴、有保护性主动肛交、有保护性被动肛交者网络性伴比例较大,有女性性行为、有女性固定性伴者网络性伴较少(P均<0.05)。结论 MSM网络活动极为普遍,网络对HIV防治的正面效应和负面作用互显,应针对性探索和加大更适合网络活动MSM特性的网络干预。
基金supported by the 100 Talents Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2010CB833903 and 2011CB505402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91132703)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2009SD-3)
文摘Deficits in social communication are one of the behavioral signatures of autism spectrum disorder(ASD). Because faces are arguably the most important social stimuli that we encounter in everyday life, investigating the ability of individuals with ASD to process faces is thought to be important for understanding the nature of ASD. However, although a considerable body of evidence suggests that ASD individuals show specific impairments in face processing, a significant number of studies argue otherwise. Through a literature review, we found that this controversy is largely attributable to the different face tests used across different studies. Therefore, a more reliable and valid face test is needed. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis on data gleaned from a variety of face tests conducted on individuals with developmental prosopagnosia(DP) who suffer a selective deficit in face processing. Based on this meta-analysis, we selected an old/new face recognition test that relies on face memory as a standard diagnostic test for measuring specific face processing deficits. This test not only reliably reflects DP individuals' subjective experiences with faces in their daily lives, but also effectively differentiates deficits in face processing from deficits caused by other general problems. In addition, DP individuals' performance in this test predicts their performance in a variety of face tests that examine specific components of face processing(e.g., holistic processing of faces). Finally, this test can be easily administrated and is not overly sensitive to prior knowledge. In summary, this test can be used to evaluate face-processing ability, and it helped to resolve the controversy whether individuals with ASD exhibit face-processing deficits.
