基于ACP的动态网民群体运动组织建模与计算实验研究

由互联网促成的社会运动组织一经出现,就受到了广大社会学者以及计算机领域专家的广泛关注.一方面,互联网特别是移动互联网在整合信息、引发共振、实时分享及高度互动等方面的特性,为网民行为的大规模快速聚集提供了直通渠道,使得多角度超视距观察并研究在线人群复杂行为及其组织特性成为可能;另一方面,这一研究在社会化媒体营销、共享经济、非军事组织行动中的应用意义愈加显著.本文引入群体行为动力学和社会运动组织理论的研究,提出基于ACP的动态网民群体运动组织(Cyber movement organizations,CMOs)研究方法.本文工作首先使用多智能体建模方法构造双层结构的人工社区模型,以此为基础对动态网民的个体以及群体动态组织行为展开计算实验探讨,重点阐释了社区用户的交互行为机制及群体组织活动的建模机制,为揭示微观个体简单行为对于宏观群体复杂涌现现象的影响奠定基础.

政治机会视角下的反全球化组织——以法德ATTAC为例

ATTAC是反全球化运动过程中出现的规模最大的跨国社会运动组织之一,其活动受到国际与国内双层政治因素的影响。受不同层面政治机会的影响,ATTAC在法国和德国的产生和发展呈现不同的画面。法国ATTAC的的产生和发展与法国国内的政治机会紧密相关,而德国ATTAC的产生和发展则过多地依赖国际社会提供的政治机会,其中最重要的是法国ATTAC的国际扩散与跨国社会抗议运动。尽管如此,像ATTAC这样的跨国社会运动组织,只有对国内社会与国际社会所提供的"散漫的政治机会"给予重视和利用,才能在国际社会中获得更好的发展。

社会运动和社会组织在社会建设中的作用

社会运动是社会组织兴起和发展,与我国经济社会的快速发展和社会主义市场经济的确立紧密相联,具有扩大群众参与、反映群众诉求、增强社会自治的社会功能,是群众参与社会建设的重要形式。社会运动和社会组织在计划生育、扶贫、救灾等领域发挥着积极的作用,是当代中国社会建设的重要参与力量。社会运动和社会组织也是当代中国社会建设的薄弱环节,要促进其健康发展,必须将党的领导、人民当家作主和依法治国有机统一起来。

＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ --Film, Unionism, and Working Class Community Formation in Detroit, 1933-1939

Ever since Lawrence Goodwyn published The Populist Moment, social historians have been keenly aware of the power culture represents when it comes to resistance. Historically, ＂movement culture＂ has been used to create a collective climate and offered political activists a springboard to discuss with the masses the benefits of joining a social movement. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ uses the cultural outlet of film and the labor movement in the city of Detroit as analytical tools to examine working class community resistance throughout the 1930s. In the midst of the ＂golden age of film＂ community activists and union organizers--some of whom were well-known radicals and some of whom were mainstream unionists--used the institution of cinema to instill a level of class consciousness in the masses and mobilize the working class community against exploitation of employers, reactionary politicians, and white supremacist organizations. Movie-going had been a very popular form of recreation in Detroit since the 1920s and downtown theatres increasingly became the destination of an eclectic array of workers. Movie theaters themselves were bastions of community activity around the thirties and many were located in the heart of the city＇s working class district. Yet it was the films themselves that offered community activists and unionists a chance to converse with workers regarding the socio-economic matters of the day. Hollywood released a good number of films that dealt with working class issues and provided activists with ample opportunities to ＂instruct＂ the audience and carry on the discussion into the factory or union halls. ＂Beyond the Dreams of Loveliness＂ relies on a combination of oral histories, movie reviews, film clips, and union and/or working class organizational records to illuminate how activists in Detroit＇s working class community used film as an outlet to inspire working class resistance. In sum, film provided an accessible form of entertainment that proved to be effective on two fronts： It promoted increased group cooperation, friendship, and alliances while it also fostered a shared culture, making it easier for activists to organize workers in the coming struggles for unionism.

Communication for Social Mobilization： An Evaluative Study of the National Immunization Campaign in Nigeria

This study critically evaluates the communication strategies used in the campaign for social mobilization for the National Programme on Immunization in Nigeria. Its objective is to determine the communication factors that contributed to the participation of individuals and groups in the programme at the federal, state, and local government levels. Fifty four subjects, consisting of five policy and decision makers in health, information, and education sectors, five community leaders, 15 media personnel, 15 state health officials, 20 LGA officials, 12 representatives of non-governmental organizations, five opinion leaders, seven clinic staff, six state health officials, and eight mothers were purposively selected from the federal level and two states; Imo and Kano states of Nigeria. Methodology used for data collection includes individual and group interviews and critical evaluation instruments. Findings show that the mass campaign strategy proved to be the most effective strategy for reaching both rural and urban dwellers and specific groups with immunization messages. The alliance between the health workers and community leaders, social groups, NGOs and the information education sectors, had a multiplier effect on the campaign and helped to create feelings of solidarity. The ubiquitous channels of traditional and religious leaders and youth groups helped to spread immunization messages and gain support for the programme. Women and women groups were adequately involved at the federal level and in Imo State, a Christian state in the South-East. This was not the case in Kano State, a Muslim state in the north due to sociocuitural factors. The sustainability of the programme lies in more integration, more intersectoral collaboration, more institutionalization, more quality verification, more decentralization, greater local political commitment, and a multistrategic approach to campaign planning and implementation.