涉案未成年人暴力行为问题的社会工作介入路径研究——基于社会键理论

基于社会键理论分析涉案未成年人暴力行为典型案例,认为涉案未成年人暴力犯罪的原因在于家庭依恋关系缺失导致制约不足、奉献与参与不足导致犯罪风险增加,守法信念失效导致自控能力弱三个方面。提出司法社会工作介入思路:(一)修复亲子关系,增强支持力量;(二)提升职业规划能力,增加正向融入;(三)提高法律认知能力,建立合理信念。

基于社会键理论的少年暴力犯罪原因探析——以韦进木杀人犯罪为例

近年,我国少年暴力犯罪时有发生,且主观恶性大、手段残忍、危害后果严重,因此,深入分析此类犯罪的发生原因并针对性地构建少年暴力犯罪预防体系刻不容缓。社会键理论是阐释少年犯罪原因的重要理论,可为少年犯罪预防提供重要启示。该理论认为,依恋、奉献、卷入和信念这四大社会键单独发挥制约少年犯罪作用的同时,相互之间以遵从奖赏为连接形成的原因连锁也能够抑制少年犯罪的产生。韦进木杀人犯罪是一起典型的少年暴力犯罪,运用社会键理论对其进行分析可知:韦进木初次犯罪和持续犯罪的原因,均为单个社会键缺失和原因连锁未形成而引起的微观环境制约失效与自我控制能力低下。可见,改造少年所处的微观环境、重视少年自我控制能力建设对预防少年暴力犯罪意义重大。

未成年少女性交易防治研究——以社会键理论为视角

我国关于未成年少女性交易防治的理论研究不足,且相关社会治理效果不佳。赫希的社会键理论对青少年违法犯罪现象等具有强大的解释力,以其观照未成年少女性交易现象,并探求防治之道,具有重大理论和现实意义。在该理论视域下,未成年少女性交易活动的成因,可以归结为社会键的扭曲或断裂,而对其基本的防治之道,须着眼于社会键的重塑或归正。

社会键理论视域下未成年人犯罪的道德预防

未成年人犯罪的原因是多方面的,其中未成年人自身的道德素质低下是最根本的原因。未成年人犯罪的道德成因主要表现为道德认知低下、道德情感缺失和道德行为偏离三个方面,从道德的层面预防未成年人犯罪应该提高未成年人的道德认知水平,培养未成年人的道德情感和规范未成年人的道德行为。

“社会键”理论与青少年犯罪预防

青少年违法犯罪是一个十分复杂的问题,“社会键”理论从一个方面为防范青少年违法犯罪提供了理论依据。

The senior sports situation under the trend of aging process and the strategy of it

abstract： According to the new situation and problems in the aging process, we will try to analyze the current situation and features of the aging process from the point of sociology by investigation and document literature. By analyzing the severe aging problems, we will know about the leisure sporting activities of the old people. Sports is a very useful way to slow down the pace of getting old. Through the efforts of the whole society, we can take full advantage of sports to slow down the aging process and make the senior sports a healthy and scientific development direction. Keywords： population aging Sports Strategy

Some Remarks on the Role of Tamil Literary Tradition in Siva Satakam of Narayana Guru

The paper presents an analysis of the selected stanzas of Siva Satakam （One Hundred Verses on Siva）--the most important hymn devoted to Siva composed in Malayalam by Narayana Guru. The analysis shows that there is a tendency in the hymn to emphasise the equal status of Sanskrit and Dravidian literary tradition. Several stanzas are constructed on the basis of Sanskrit stories or myths; however, this ＂classical＂ scheme is filled with Tamil or Malayalam concepts, ideas, and key words. What is more, Narayana Guru employs so called twilight language used by authors of Tamil philosophical works in order to provide a receiver of the poem with the opportunity to interpret some stanzas in accordance with Sanskrit as well as Dravidian tradition. The introduction of a person belonging to lower caste of South India as the one who is able to attain liberation, as well as presentation of the welt-known philosophical concepts as equal or even subordinated to the Dravidian ideas could become a significant contribution to the social activity of Guru comprising among others the concern for spiritual and social uplift of the lower caste people of Kerala.

Foreign Language Learning at Tertiary Level in Mozambique

More than ever before, multilingualism is a key resource that opens the doors for participation in internationalisation and in the globalization process and participation in the knowledge society. As such, it is of outmost importance that governments consider language learning as an educational priority. Mozambique is no exception to this rule, as it has also already acknowledged the need not only to teach languages of wider communication such as English, French, and Portuguese, but also the Mozambican national languages. The present paper discusses the importance and value that is attached to multilingualism in Mozambique and focuses particularly on Foreign Language Teaching and Learning at tertiary level. This paper reports specifically on data collected through a questionnaire given to first year university students at Universidade Pedag6gica in Maputo, in June, 2008. In addition, it examines the university＇s language policy of providing English language teaching to first year students, focuses on some of the constraints that presently affect the development of productive and receptive multilingualism, and suggests ways of making foreign language learning more effective

从互害型社会走向互利型社会——中国社会主要矛盾的转化及应对

社会互害是改革开放以来逐渐形成的较为独特的社会现象和社会问题,是人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间矛盾的重要体现,如不加以有效规制,将演化为互害型社会。社会互害的典型特征是易粪相食、破坏性发展和交互相害,而本质则是过度利己主义的短视。社会互害的危害对个体而言,将导致人人自危、相互过度防卫,其不仅会导致社会中的每一个人成为受害者,也使每个人将成为潜在的侵害人;对社会而言,将解构并推毁社会信任体系,可能导致社会自身的崩溃;对国家而言,将严重制约全面深化改革和全面依法治国的战略部署,可能导致国家的失序。社会互害的形成,与改革开放以来片面强调个人私利所导致的极端利己主义紧密相关,而法律的功能缺失也具有不可推卸的责任。如何规制和调整利益关系,阻断过度利己主义的危害,使互害转化为互利,是当前法治规制的目标和功能所在。