关于做好返乡生活的大龄农民工人社保障的思考

随着城市的发展更迭,第一批“5060”后农民工已掀起返乡热潮。这些大龄农民工在外打拼多年,普遍身体状况欠佳、法律意识薄弱,返乡后在养老保障、权益保障、就业创业方面面临诸多现实困境,需各级政府引起重视,实施重点帮扶。

基于社会保障视角的社会风险管理探讨

社会保障作为国家的基本制度,其出发点是解除国民生、老、病、残、失业等后顾之忧,以保障民生为根本目标。伴随着我国社会与经济改革的纵深推进,社会矛盾日益凸显,社会风险加速积聚,化解社会风险并进行有效管理已经成为政府的当务之急。本文从社会风险管理的基础理论入手,分析现阶段我国社会风险的种类及管理现状,剖析社会风险聚集的深层根源,对社会保障制度化解社会风险的机制进行探讨。

街道人社保障中心的财务职能研究

人力资源和社会保障中心,简称"人社保障中心",是主要负责人力资源方和社会保障方面事务的政府服务机构,与人民群众的生活息息相关。人社保障中心不仅具备其基本的一些职能,更具备重要的财务职能。本文对此进行探讨。

农民工在SARS阴影中

一些城市人突然对他们更少善意，返乡成为农民工们的自然选择，然而这却正是最大的危险之一。

Status Quo and Reform Ideas for Accounting Calculation of Social Security Fund in China

With the steady development of China＇s economic policy and social secu- rity system, social security fund has become more and more important. Therefore, in the process of establishing and implementing social security system, the status of the accounting system of social security fund has become particularly prominent. The existing problems in the system were discussed and corresponding reform ideas were proposed by analyzing the current situation of the social security fund accounting system.

弱势群体是值得大力开发的宝贵资源

从经济角度看，弱势群体就是贫困群体。他们抵御自然灾害和市场风险能力受到很大限制，在生产和生活上有困难。近年来有学者测算，贫困群体的总规模约在1亿人左右，包括城市的三无人员和农村的五保户以及部分残疾人等。对于这些弱势群体，人们往往把他们看成是社会的负担、政府的包袱。如果改换视角。

Effects of Social Security Spending on Income Distribution and Poverty Reduction in China

Reasonable income distribution and eradication of rural poverty are vital for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects in China.This paper primarily examines the income distribution and poverty reduction effects of social security spending.Market income and redistribution policies are two determinants of income gaps.Based on CHIP2018 household survey data,we find that inadequate income redistribution policies have contributed to yawning income gaps,and that social security spending is more redistributive than personal income tax and social security contributions.After estimating the redistribution effects of social security spending and itemized incomes,we find that pension payments have contributed the most to household income gaps,and that subsistence protection and rural pension payments help improve income distribution.With respect to the poverty reduction effects of social security spending,we have estimated China’s current poverty incidence and the poverty reduction effects of pension payments,healthcare,and educational allowances with CHIP2018 data,and discover that an increase in social security spending may effectively reduce rural poverty.In building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,China should increase social security spending,focusing on specific target groups,and promote the role of social security spending in regulating income distribution and offering social protection to rural residents.

Social Security Development in China and Its Support to Economic Transition

In 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,China has successfully transitioned from a closed economy to an open economy with the watershed year of reform and opening up in 1978 and modernized its social security system accordingly.This paper divides the transition of China’s social security system into seven stages before and after 1978.The traditional social security system was predicated on the dominant public ownership,a highly centralized economy,and“full employment.”It was congruous with the ownership structure,income distribution,and labor systems under the closed economy.The modern social security system is developed to meet the needs of an open economy and promotes economic development by giving play to consumption and investment,facilitating labor flow,and boosting productivity.The modern social security system requires further supply-side structural reforms to promote the high-quality development of the open economy.

Problems of Rural Migrant Workers and Policies in the New Period of Urbanization

The huge migration of rural workers has new characteristics such as the bad order, high degree of concentration, low level of collective action, marginality in social status, unfair treatment, difficult integration of the new generation, and the new return trend of rural migrants, which causes ‘urban diseases’ in China. Countermeasures should be taken to develop medium-sized and small cities, integrate the labor market of the city and countryside, provide necessary public services, social security and vocational training, guide the rural migrant workers to return rationally, and help the new generation live in harmony with urban residents.

Brazil After Lula and Dilma Administrations： The Bolsa Familia and Implantation of a Basic Income

The Family Stipend Program （Bolsa Famflia--BF） has been implemented since 2003 as the main strategy to face poverty in Brazil. Its benefit is the transfer of income to poor and extremely poor families as well as to articulate the monetary income transfer with some structural policies, mainly education, health, and work. The BF has already reached almost 14 million of families and is implemented in all the 5,545 Brazilian municipalities, i.e. about ~ of the Brazilian population. The program requires the fulfillment of some conditionalities in the field of education and health, such as： enrollment and attendance of the children and adolescents in school; children must get basic health care; and pregnant women must receive prenatal care. The BF is considered in Brazil, according to Eduardo Suplicy＇s Law Bill 266/2001 sanctioned by President Lula on ]anuary 8 of 2004, as the first step towards creating a Citizenship Basic Income. The goal of this proposal is to present and to problematize the recent political and economic post Lula and Dilma Administrations situation in order to demonstrate the climate of regression in the social protection programs and the dismantling of the same social rights already conquered by the worker class and the poor population. Among the programs to be mentioned is the BF. The intention is to highlight the economic situation of a long recession and rise in unemployment rates besides the decrease of the workers＇ income and the repression of social movements, in order to develop an analysis of the BF in this context.

The Experimental Study on the Risk Convergence of the Entrusted Portfolios of NSSF

This paper makes use of statistical tools of parameter correlation, multi-parameter regression, and does experimental analysis on issues of risk diversification of portfolios entrusted by National Social Security Fund (NSSF). The issues are industry related investment fields distribution, the trend of capitalization movement, and investment style factors in stock selection. The results show that there are risk problems with portfolios entrusted by NSSF, which include similar investment fields distribution trend, little difference among portfolios, and high risk preference degree.

Costs and Strategies on Urbanization of Chinese Megacities’ Rural Areas Based on a Case Study of Beijing

As urbanization expands＇ into the suburbs of Chinese cities, the conversion of farmers into citizens with urban social protection is becoming an important issue facing Chinese megacities. Taking Beijing as an example, this paper has calculated the one-off urbanization cost of farmers in China and arrived at the results of 500, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of centralized target regions in the suburb and 200, 000 yuan per person for urbanization of scattered target regions in the exurb. This paper considers that a diversified cost sharing mechanism should be put into place for the step-by-step urbanization of farmers. In addition, policy recommendations are proposed regarding the functional transformation of collective economic organizations, eradication of the urban-rural divide, enhancement of land system innovation and policy improvements for urbanization of rural residents.

Analysis of Transition of Pension System in an Endogenous Model

In this paper we investigate the possibility of pareto improving social security reforms within a framework of endogenous growth. Belan et al. proposed a transition from a pay-as-you-go(PAYG) pension system to a system of saving-subsidization. We follow this approach and prove that a pareto improving conversion from the PAYG system to a fully funded system is possible and discuss the problem of implementing the transition to the fully funded system.

China's Migrant Workers' Social Security

Based on the definition of migrant workers and migrant workers'social security,systems,policies and regulations and status quo of specific safeguard project of social security have been analyzed.Authors draw following conclusions:China's social security systems of migrant workers show diversification and differentiation trend;national-level policies take on diversification and local-level regulations take on differentiation;social welfare and social assistance have deficiency;coverage rate of social insurance items is extremely low.

Agroforestry Initiatives for Capacity Building and Social Security through Captive Plantations on Degraded Lands of Farmers in State Karnataka, India

To meet the demand of raw material, i.e., wood, from the available sources always remained a big challenge for paper industries since the last two decades. For a sustainable supply of raw material in future, major plantation activities were undertaken by paper industries, like West Coast Paper Mills Limited （WCPM）, by constituting a society, i.e., Society for Afforestation, Research and Allied Works （SARA）, Dandeli in 2001. The main aim was to promote afforestation programme through major plantations activities on the degraded lands （under rainfed condition） and to generate employments and capacity building. The WCPM is a leading paper manufacturing industry of the country （under the flagship of Bangur group） located at the bank of Kali River in Dandeli of Uttar Kannada district in State Karnataka. To date, company through SARA has raised captive plantations on more than 50,000 acres of degraded land by farmers in different districts of Maharashtm, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu States under Captive Plantation Project through Contract for Farming （CFF） since 2006 under a simple agreement period of only five years. After five years, society arranged to harvest the first rotation crop of the farmer of 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 plantations and paid the amount of the crop directly to farmers. SARA has a mutual contract with WCPM for purchasing pulpwood. With this, farmers are getting full amount of their crop harvested after five years without any hurdle through SARA. SARA did all the expenditures, i.e., from land development, plantation and harvesting. Under its agroforestry plantation programme, superior planting material of various pulpwood species suited to particular area, i.e., Eucalyptus, Subabul, Casuarina and Acacia were planted on farmer＇s land. Farmers were also encouraged for intercropping, like maize, peanut （groundnut）, chilly, tomato and ginger with plantations. Apart from this, SARA is also providing free fodder to the livestock of farmers. Various types of fodder species such as Stylosanthes scabra, S. hamata are grown with plantation. SARA has also set up its own hi-tech clonal nursery developing around 5-6 millions of clonal ramets every year through clonal propagation technology. Till date, SARA has received 0.15 million ton （MT） of pulpwood from the plantations on farmer＇s land with a yield of 25-30 MT/acre. This type of activities will prove a boon for farmers as well as for industry, when raw material is going to be short in India. It will also conserve our natural resources, high conservative valued forests （HCVF） and will reduce the pressure on forest for wood. In addition, this will maintain the balance between environment and nature. To meet the requirement of pulpwood for industry, this type of plantation activities will open new ways for industry to secure raw material for future use. Also, this would be helpful to enhance productivity and generate employments for rural communities to improve their living standard and capacity building.

China＇s Electricity Industry at the Crossroads： New Challenges for Developing the Right Model of Regulation

China is facing important challenges stemming from increasing rates of urbanization and aging population. To pursue its ＂harmonious society＂ objective without disrupting its path to development major overhauls are necessary in education, health, social security and above all in public services, particularly in electricity. China＇s electricity industry is at the crossroads. To meet the challenges, new models of regulation should be developed and applied. This paper examines the current state of the Chinese electricity industry and the burden it imposes on its public finances. It also reviews and critically examines the existing FIT （Europe） and RPS （USA） models of regulation and of promotion of renewable energies and advances on whether they are advantageous for China. It is argued that the electricity industry has already undergone important reforms but cross subsidies still exist, equivalent to 1.5% of China＇s GDP. Drastic rate rebalancing policies will create sustainability problems and a deterioration of China＇s public finances. To avoid such negative results, China has to further reform its electricity industry gradually and use wisely FIT-type programs to bring renewables into the grid and fulfill the Kyoto Protocol

Explored on more fair and sustainable social security system

The third plenary session of the 18 through ＂the central committee of the communist party of China on deepening reform of certain major issue decision＂ is put forward for the first time, to establish a fair and sustainable social security system. This article mainly about fairness in social security and the sustainable problem preliminary exploration, proposed ＂sustainable＂ attaches great importance to the ＂fair＂ and ＂, deepen the reform of the social security system.

Global view of the social security system with Chinese characteristics research

The first 20 years of this century is the period of strategic opportunities of building a weU-offsociety in an all-round way, at the same time, China＇s social development is also facing a lot of systemic risk. Economic change and social transformation puts forward new requirements for the social security system reform. This paper studies the theoretical basis of the social security system reform, analyzes the status quo of China＇s social security system and the existing problems and experience in social security system of other countries for reference, on the basis of perfecting China＇s pension, medical, unemployment and other social security system, the construction is suitable for the situation of our country＇s social security system with Chinese characteristics, ensuring and improving people＇s livelihood, the achievements of reform and opening to the public to achieve genuine sharing is of great significance.

Remodeling of the Macedonian Economy

The Macedonian economy gets out relatively little hurt by the global economic crisis not facing with financial crisis, the recession was short-lived, and social crisis emerged in modest sizes. However, the global crisis revealed the major weaknesses of the economic model which was implemented. It turned out that the Macedonian economy is very dependent on the performance of only a few sectors and movements on the prices of its most important export and import products, and that the scope of supply and demand for domestic goods and services is small. These lectures from the economic crisis posed by the need to create a new model for country economic development in the future. The application of historical, statistical, analytical and comparative method shows that Macedonia should exercise other holistic approach in the remodeling of their economy. This means that, besides keeping macroeconomic and financial policy in the future the Macedonian government should act more vigorously in the direction of creating new jobs and provide greater social security. The economic model that we propose in this paper recommends it be done by encouraging small and medium enterprises, diversification of production, encouraging domestic investments, developing human capital, improving infrastructure, encouraging exports and harmonization the macroeconomic instruments. The application of this model will result in increasing investments, industrial production and exports, increasing the competitiveness of domestic products, reducing the trade deficit and maintaining the macroeconomic stability. The general conclusion of the paper is that application of the proposed economic model should lead to realization of two most important goals： achieving lasting, sustainable and significantly higher rates of economic growth and reducing the high rate of unemployment in the country.