社区环境安全对老年人健康的影响研究——以北京为例

社区是老年人进行日常生活的主要场所,社区环境安全是影响老年人健康和福祉的关键因素,文章基于2015年"第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查"数据,运用多水平回归模型,对北京市老年人样本进行分析,界定影响老年人健康的社区环境安全因素。研究发现:北京市老年人7.03%的自评健康、6.35%的孤独感水平差异由老年人所处社区决定;主观社区环境安全感中,社会凝聚力好的老年人自评健康状况更好,较少感到孤独;客观社区环境安全特征因素中,社区的道路状况良好,老年人自评健康更好,孤独感更低,而社区无障碍设施水平越好,老年人孤独感也会更低。此外,个体特征上,老年人的性别、年龄、婚姻状态和家庭年收入对其健康水平也有显著影响。研究结论对于提升老龄健康的社区环境营造有着积极意义。

Human Security, Poverty Pattern and Social Order in Igbo Rural Communities of Contemporary Nigeria

The Igbo have their homeland in seven states of Nigeria mainly Imo, Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Delta and Rivers. They are receptible to new ideas and adapt easily to change. The ramifications of human insecurity, poverty, social disorder, poor coherence and poor integration appear to haunt them and the gravity is felt more in the rural communities. The factors are traceable to many pathetic issues. The pathological consequences do affect Igbo stability and navigation in the Nigerian socio-economic environment. The causality constitutes the physical, human, natural, financial and social assets. It is recommended, among others, that the people should return to core values and norms, stick to their own noble identities, have a framework for tackling insecurity and hunger, target the youth in poverty reduction measures and tackle the herdsmen menace. Equally, the abused philosophies used to support dangerous and strange behavior should be tackled.