Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure...Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltisfurcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by ct-Proteobacteria, 7-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and e-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the ct-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoa#eromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and GI. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.展开更多
Our aging process, at the same time, the number of single elderly population is increasing year by year, which makes the elderly remarriage problem becomes more serious. With the acceleration of urbanization process i...Our aging process, at the same time, the number of single elderly population is increasing year by year, which makes the elderly remarriage problem becomes more serious. With the acceleration of urbanization process in China, economic development gap between urban and rural areas is widening, resulting in a lot of social problems, of which there are a lot of weak social groups in the cultural and economic level is relatively backward rural areas. Thought to be bound by their material conditions is not high, in the face of social problems even more weak, and they lost even among the elderly also faces remarry rare status quo. Rural elderly remarriage can be resolved related to quality of life and how happy they are old age, so this research will focus on the vast rural areas. After the Rongcheng County of Baoding, Hebei Province and five ordinary village Yixian interviews conducted, combined with a large research literature summed up his own research ideas and research methods. Find out China＇s rural elderly remarriage even lose relevance, problems and influence factors, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions： the elderly themselves from both the individual and the external environment to solve. Elderly people to establish a correct view of marriage and spouse, and actively carry out another marriage personal preparation. External environmental needs of the family, society and country in three areas to work together to form a joint force to support the establishment of Trinity molding system from three angles.展开更多
基金supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41121064)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2007AA09Z434)
文摘Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltisfurcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by ct-Proteobacteria, 7-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and e-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the ct-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoa#eromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and GI. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.
文摘Our aging process, at the same time, the number of single elderly population is increasing year by year, which makes the elderly remarriage problem becomes more serious. With the acceleration of urbanization process in China, economic development gap between urban and rural areas is widening, resulting in a lot of social problems, of which there are a lot of weak social groups in the cultural and economic level is relatively backward rural areas. Thought to be bound by their material conditions is not high, in the face of social problems even more weak, and they lost even among the elderly also faces remarry rare status quo. Rural elderly remarriage can be resolved related to quality of life and how happy they are old age, so this research will focus on the vast rural areas. After the Rongcheng County of Baoding, Hebei Province and five ordinary village Yixian interviews conducted, combined with a large research literature summed up his own research ideas and research methods. Find out China＇s rural elderly remarriage even lose relevance, problems and influence factors, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions： the elderly themselves from both the individual and the external environment to solve. Elderly people to establish a correct view of marriage and spouse, and actively carry out another marriage personal preparation. External environmental needs of the family, society and country in three areas to work together to form a joint force to support the establishment of Trinity molding system from three angles.
