Human experience can best be understood in the framework of collective social relations. Like any other tie, the mother-daughter relationship is forged not in isolation but informed by cultural, historical, and social...Human experience can best be understood in the framework of collective social relations. Like any other tie, the mother-daughter relationship is forged not in isolation but informed by cultural, historical, and social values, circumstances, and practices. The twentieth century has witnessed the greatest changes in world history. As an outcome of the noticeable shift in gender ideologies in the last half of that century, modern mothers and daughters struggled to experience a union, a bond, an understanding of themselves and the world around them. Clash of tradition and modernity in ideals and mores can be held accountable for the consequential neurotic development of the psyche in twentieth century mothers and daughters. Doris Lessing＇s writings reflect the way in which these complex changes in society affect family relationships. Her first novel of the Children of Violence series, Martha Quest, is an apt study of a mother and her daughter＇s struggle with their newly defined roles in society. This paper will seek to examine the conflicts that are encountered in the wake of such adjustments by contemporary mothers and daughters. In order to do so, the study will focus on an exploration of the kind of issues that Martha Quest and May Quest experience in Lessing＇s Martha Quest through approaches available in works by Carl Jung on his theory of the ＂mother complex＂.展开更多
This paper aims to examine how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism in formulating his reading strategy. First Macherey thinks that the author must have left something unsaid in his text. The unsaid or t...This paper aims to examine how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism in formulating his reading strategy. First Macherey thinks that the author must have left something unsaid in his text. The unsaid or the narrative rupture is responsible for the multiplicity of the voices in the text, enabling the text to exist. Most of all, Macherey argues that a text, embedded in History, is where the author represents ideology inaccurately. And it is from this inaccuracy where the narrative rupture emerges. At this point, Macherey is dialogically correlated with several major post-Marxists, such as Althusser, Eagleton, and Jameson. First, all three of them give their own definitions to ideology, and they all define the relationship between the text, ideology, and History in a similar fashion. For Althusser, ideology is men＇s imaginary relation to History and is insufficiently reflected in the text, which perfectly corresponds to Macherey＇s claim. For Eagleton, a text absorbs ideology and puts it into contradiction, establishing its relationship with History. As Eagleton himself has stated, his so-called ＂ideological contradiction＂ is tantamount to Macherey＇s so-called ＂narrative rupture.＂ In Jameson＇s opinion, ideology is designed to repress social contradictions, and a text, a symbolic act, is supposed to offer imaginary solutions to them. Above all, they end up as the latent meanings of a text. As for History, it is the inaccessible Real. In speaking of ＂the latent meanings of a text,＂ Jameson literally echoes Machery＇s said/unsaid model. Thus, we can confirm how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism.展开更多
Marxism was spread into Vietnam by patriotic intellectuals from the 20s of the 20th century and still exists until today. The presence of Marxism in Vietnam through such a long history is enough to prove its importmlc...Marxism was spread into Vietnam by patriotic intellectuals from the 20s of the 20th century and still exists until today. The presence of Marxism in Vietnam through such a long history is enough to prove its importmlce and strong influence in the socio-political life of Vietnam. First of all, Marxism is closely related to the movement of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam from the 20s to the mid 70s of the 20th century： Marxism, with its outright revolutionary nature, had most adequately and effectively met the urgent needs of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam at that time, and at the same time evoked the fierce belief of patriotic revolutionists in a noble ideal--tJle ideal of communist society, and encouraged them to devote themselves to national liberation revolutions. It can be said that Marxism has become the soul of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam; hence, the victory of such revolutions in the mid 70s of the 20th century is also the victory of Marxism in an Eastern country that was very obsolete then. Furthermore, Marxism is also associated with the reforming of old society and building of new society--the socialist society in Vietnam： after winning national independence and unification for the country in the mid-70s of the 20th century, Vietnamese patriotic revolutionists posed the question of＂What new model of society should be built in Vietnam to match the country＇s history context？＂ This question is not only related to the fate of of everyone, but also related to the fate of Vietnamese people as a whole. Marxism had brought to patriotic revolutionists and all Vietnamese people a very clear answer： the socialist society （the first phase of communist society）, where there will no longer be capitalist ownership, no people exploiting people, no rich and poor, from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs, all resources are of common ownership, etc Thus, from 1975 to 1986 （the subsidy period in Vietnam）, the Communist Party of Vietnam had led the people to begin reforming the old society and building new one nationwide with a very happy attitude and a strong belief in the future of socialist society. However, only when embarking on the construction of a new society did our party notice that the realization of an ideal model of society according to Marxism in an obsolete country which had just been out of wax like Vietnam （without any initial material premises, except a political party of the working class and labor population--the Communist Party of Vietnam） is a very difficult job. Therefore, the construction of socialist society in Vietnam in the early stage, from 1975 to 1986, ended in a severe social-economic crisis. Thus, Marxism had capitalized on its strengths in national liberation revolutions in Vietnam, helping Vietnamese people to be free from the domination of colonial counties and empires, but it also had adverse impacts on the reforming of old society and building of new society, which was reflected in the socioeconomic crisis in Vietnam during the 1975-1986 period. Here, the questions to be posed are,＂Has Marxism ended its historic mission for Vietnamese people？＂, or ＂How should Marxism be adjusted to be appropriate to the new historical context of Vietnam？＂ and ＂If such adjustments are needed, what will the prospects of Marxism in Vietnam be like？＂ This article will focus on answering those questions展开更多
Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none o...Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none of these developments is the results of human beings＇ reasonable proposal. The human beings are ＂developed＂, i.e. pushed forward by certain invisible forces. As being cultural, they are dominated by their cultural concepts. To explore the source of every civilization＇s concepts, the formation history of its mythological concepts during the pre-historic period or at the beginning of its civilization shall be studied first. By interpreting the first literature works at the beginning of western civilization, the temporary mythologists reveal the rule that mythological concepts dominate the ritual behaviors and narrative expressions. This paper interprets the historical narratives in Records of the Grand Historian.＂ Annals of the First Emperor of Qin, to reproduce the concepts that dominate China＇s national rulers, present the theory of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism, and correspond to the counter-force of ideology put forward by Friedrich Engels in his later years and the religious concepts＇ determinism by Max Weber, so as to illustrate the mythological concepts＇ function as the prototype code of ideology, and refer to a common and effective directory approach of social science studies.展开更多
The paper intends to study the formation of the spirit of independence, curiosity, innovation and benevolence which the university teachers in Medieval Europe had under the specific social and historical conditions. B...The paper intends to study the formation of the spirit of independence, curiosity, innovation and benevolence which the university teachers in Medieval Europe had under the specific social and historical conditions. Based on this, by contrast the current crisis of spirits of medieval university teachers in modem society, the paper also analyzes the reasons and tries to find out the mechanism to cultivate the spirit of the university teachers in modem society.展开更多
In this paper, the starting point comprises the general philosophy of sexuality. Despite certain differences in various cultures throughout the world and social history regarding all matters of sexuality, many converg...In this paper, the starting point comprises the general philosophy of sexuality. Despite certain differences in various cultures throughout the world and social history regarding all matters of sexuality, many converging principles of mankind are also there to take notice. In this light, in this work, the dimension of criminality in sexuality is taken into consideration. Rape seems to be the most common type of violent sexual crime. The topic of sexual offences （milder crimes） in the legal framework is further developed and debated, with references to figures of authority. Sexual harassment seems to be the mildest form or degree of offence on a scale depicting the spectrum of sexual crimes. As a matter of fact, its mere definition emerged only in contemporary times, even though its presence had been a fact of social life, throughout the ages. In this paper, while a general survey is preferred, peculiarities due to Turkey as a separate country with its own cultural history, are also alluded to inappropriate places, along the course of debates.展开更多
In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical developm...In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical development.The author will discuss the native pattern and variable pattern for the development of the minority folk dance and analyze the positive influence and negative influence on minority dance at this stage. To address the problems in the development, the author puts forward some countermeasures and feasible suggestions for its future development.展开更多
Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for forty years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to test...Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for forty years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify to his horrific ordeals during the Holocaust at putatively inopportune times, such as religious holidays and family celebrations. When his granddaughter Hayuta plans an engagement party, the social and historical incongruities of the Holocaust in the context of contemporary Israeli society become apparent. Ordinary pleasures are matters of moral obloquy in the face of the unfathomable black hole of the Holocaust. While critics have charged Mendel＇s daughter with preoccupation with invidious social climbing and his granddaughter Hayuta with moral reprehensible compartmentalization of her historical and familial existences, Liebrecht unwittingly implies that historical trauma has very diverse and inexplicable effects on different family members： Some, like the daughter Bella, eventually wish to hear more about the experiences of her father （while feeling that his words will ＂＇ruin＂ her social life）, while Hayuta and Shifra his daughter-in-law react by shunning the speech of Mendel, which they experience as destroying their quotidian happiness.展开更多
The present paper is talking about the recent situation of the archeological buildings which exist through modern urban environments. Urban expansion has a large effect on the archeological buildings continuity since ...The present paper is talking about the recent situation of the archeological buildings which exist through modern urban environments. Urban expansion has a large effect on the archeological buildings continuity since such type of development impresses several serious challenges which conservation plans as well as preservation polices must deal with. A number of that main challenges are mega-constructions （tunnels, damps, roads, etc.）, pollution, socio-cultural impacts and traffic. Within Um Qias, the archeological buildings face similar challenges consistent with the urban environment where it is presented and that challenges are reviewed in the local community behavior.展开更多
Even if the act of pederasty is considered as a heinous crime, if we look into the ancient South Asian history, we will find evidences where pederasty has been widely a common practice. The folk-tales, literature, mus...Even if the act of pederasty is considered as a heinous crime, if we look into the ancient South Asian history, we will find evidences where pederasty has been widely a common practice. The folk-tales, literature, music, and other cultural evidences of ancient South Asia provide us numerous references of institutionalized pederasty. This research will investigate on the causes and effects of pederasty of ancient South Asia and will probe into the matter how this necessitated the minors to lem-n about sexuality展开更多
In this paper, the author examines the possibilities of leisure （studies） in Mozambique. First, the author suggests that leisure can he looked at as a social construct which resulted from the colonial regulation of ...In this paper, the author examines the possibilities of leisure （studies） in Mozambique. First, the author suggests that leisure can he looked at as a social construct which resulted from the colonial regulation of native labour, particularly between 1890s and 1974. Secondly, the author proposes that people look at the conditions of possibility of leisure in a context dominated by the new moral code of conduct, a cathartic purification of the colonial mentality, introduced through the ideology of the ＂New Man＂ created by the ruling party, Frelimo. Thirdly, the author examines the possibility of leisure in the context of Mozambique＇s adherence to neo-liberalism and market-driven economy after the collapse of socialism. The author concludes by providing the ground to establish lines of inquiry for an eventual field of leisure studies.展开更多
As the most influential representative of New England Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson has been commonly known as a man of letters and a prophet of religion. Yet, at the same time, he was also questioned by some...As the most influential representative of New England Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson has been commonly known as a man of letters and a prophet of religion. Yet, at the same time, he was also questioned by some scholars who argued that Emerson remained aloof and indifferent to both politics and reforms. Scrutinizing the addresses, essays as well as other published writings of Emerson, we can have a better understanding of his deep thought and wisdom concerning reform, and fully realize his great influence. Based on analyzing two essential aspects of Emerson＇s views on reform, this paper points out that Emerson＇s views on reform are of historical importance; and his views can also provide realistic reference and guidance to the current social reform in China.展开更多
In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical developm...In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical development.The author will discuss the native pattern and variable pattern for the development of the minority folk dance and analyze the positive influence and negative influence on minority dance at this stage. To address the problems in the development, the author puts forward some countermeasures and feasible suggestions for its future development展开更多
This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and m...This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.展开更多
文摘Human experience can best be understood in the framework of collective social relations. Like any other tie, the mother-daughter relationship is forged not in isolation but informed by cultural, historical, and social values, circumstances, and practices. The twentieth century has witnessed the greatest changes in world history. As an outcome of the noticeable shift in gender ideologies in the last half of that century, modern mothers and daughters struggled to experience a union, a bond, an understanding of themselves and the world around them. Clash of tradition and modernity in ideals and mores can be held accountable for the consequential neurotic development of the psyche in twentieth century mothers and daughters. Doris Lessing＇s writings reflect the way in which these complex changes in society affect family relationships. Her first novel of the Children of Violence series, Martha Quest, is an apt study of a mother and her daughter＇s struggle with their newly defined roles in society. This paper will seek to examine the conflicts that are encountered in the wake of such adjustments by contemporary mothers and daughters. In order to do so, the study will focus on an exploration of the kind of issues that Martha Quest and May Quest experience in Lessing＇s Martha Quest through approaches available in works by Carl Jung on his theory of the ＂mother complex＂.
文摘This paper aims to examine how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism in formulating his reading strategy. First Macherey thinks that the author must have left something unsaid in his text. The unsaid or the narrative rupture is responsible for the multiplicity of the voices in the text, enabling the text to exist. Most of all, Macherey argues that a text, embedded in History, is where the author represents ideology inaccurately. And it is from this inaccuracy where the narrative rupture emerges. At this point, Macherey is dialogically correlated with several major post-Marxists, such as Althusser, Eagleton, and Jameson. First, all three of them give their own definitions to ideology, and they all define the relationship between the text, ideology, and History in a similar fashion. For Althusser, ideology is men＇s imaginary relation to History and is insufficiently reflected in the text, which perfectly corresponds to Macherey＇s claim. For Eagleton, a text absorbs ideology and puts it into contradiction, establishing its relationship with History. As Eagleton himself has stated, his so-called ＂ideological contradiction＂ is tantamount to Macherey＇s so-called ＂narrative rupture.＂ In Jameson＇s opinion, ideology is designed to repress social contradictions, and a text, a symbolic act, is supposed to offer imaginary solutions to them. Above all, they end up as the latent meanings of a text. As for History, it is the inaccessible Real. In speaking of ＂the latent meanings of a text,＂ Jameson literally echoes Machery＇s said/unsaid model. Thus, we can confirm how Macherey is dialogically engaged with post-Marxism.
文摘Marxism was spread into Vietnam by patriotic intellectuals from the 20s of the 20th century and still exists until today. The presence of Marxism in Vietnam through such a long history is enough to prove its importmlce and strong influence in the socio-political life of Vietnam. First of all, Marxism is closely related to the movement of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam from the 20s to the mid 70s of the 20th century： Marxism, with its outright revolutionary nature, had most adequately and effectively met the urgent needs of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam at that time, and at the same time evoked the fierce belief of patriotic revolutionists in a noble ideal--tJle ideal of communist society, and encouraged them to devote themselves to national liberation revolutions. It can be said that Marxism has become the soul of national liberation revolutions in Vietnam; hence, the victory of such revolutions in the mid 70s of the 20th century is also the victory of Marxism in an Eastern country that was very obsolete then. Furthermore, Marxism is also associated with the reforming of old society and building of new society--the socialist society in Vietnam： after winning national independence and unification for the country in the mid-70s of the 20th century, Vietnamese patriotic revolutionists posed the question of＂What new model of society should be built in Vietnam to match the country＇s history context？＂ This question is not only related to the fate of of everyone, but also related to the fate of Vietnamese people as a whole. Marxism had brought to patriotic revolutionists and all Vietnamese people a very clear answer： the socialist society （the first phase of communist society）, where there will no longer be capitalist ownership, no people exploiting people, no rich and poor, from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs, all resources are of common ownership, etc Thus, from 1975 to 1986 （the subsidy period in Vietnam）, the Communist Party of Vietnam had led the people to begin reforming the old society and building new one nationwide with a very happy attitude and a strong belief in the future of socialist society. However, only when embarking on the construction of a new society did our party notice that the realization of an ideal model of society according to Marxism in an obsolete country which had just been out of wax like Vietnam （without any initial material premises, except a political party of the working class and labor population--the Communist Party of Vietnam） is a very difficult job. Therefore, the construction of socialist society in Vietnam in the early stage, from 1975 to 1986, ended in a severe social-economic crisis. Thus, Marxism had capitalized on its strengths in national liberation revolutions in Vietnam, helping Vietnamese people to be free from the domination of colonial counties and empires, but it also had adverse impacts on the reforming of old society and building of new society, which was reflected in the socioeconomic crisis in Vietnam during the 1975-1986 period. Here, the questions to be posed are,＂Has Marxism ended its historic mission for Vietnamese people？＂, or ＂How should Marxism be adjusted to be appropriate to the new historical context of Vietnam？＂ and ＂If such adjustments are needed, what will the prospects of Marxism in Vietnam be like？＂ This article will focus on answering those questions
文摘Current sciences fail in understanding the future trends of human beings＇ behaviors and cultures. From the hunting tribes to the agricultural society, the civilized country, and then to the industrial society, none of these developments is the results of human beings＇ reasonable proposal. The human beings are ＂developed＂, i.e. pushed forward by certain invisible forces. As being cultural, they are dominated by their cultural concepts. To explore the source of every civilization＇s concepts, the formation history of its mythological concepts during the pre-historic period or at the beginning of its civilization shall be studied first. By interpreting the first literature works at the beginning of western civilization, the temporary mythologists reveal the rule that mythological concepts dominate the ritual behaviors and narrative expressions. This paper interprets the historical narratives in Records of the Grand Historian.＂ Annals of the First Emperor of Qin, to reproduce the concepts that dominate China＇s national rulers, present the theory of Mythological Concepts＇ Determinism, and correspond to the counter-force of ideology put forward by Friedrich Engels in his later years and the religious concepts＇ determinism by Max Weber, so as to illustrate the mythological concepts＇ function as the prototype code of ideology, and refer to a common and effective directory approach of social science studies.
文摘The paper intends to study the formation of the spirit of independence, curiosity, innovation and benevolence which the university teachers in Medieval Europe had under the specific social and historical conditions. Based on this, by contrast the current crisis of spirits of medieval university teachers in modem society, the paper also analyzes the reasons and tries to find out the mechanism to cultivate the spirit of the university teachers in modem society.
文摘In this paper, the starting point comprises the general philosophy of sexuality. Despite certain differences in various cultures throughout the world and social history regarding all matters of sexuality, many converging principles of mankind are also there to take notice. In this light, in this work, the dimension of criminality in sexuality is taken into consideration. Rape seems to be the most common type of violent sexual crime. The topic of sexual offences （milder crimes） in the legal framework is further developed and debated, with references to figures of authority. Sexual harassment seems to be the mildest form or degree of offence on a scale depicting the spectrum of sexual crimes. As a matter of fact, its mere definition emerged only in contemporary times, even though its presence had been a fact of social life, throughout the ages. In this paper, while a general survey is preferred, peculiarities due to Turkey as a separate country with its own cultural history, are also alluded to inappropriate places, along the course of debates.
文摘In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical development.The author will discuss the native pattern and variable pattern for the development of the minority folk dance and analyze the positive influence and negative influence on minority dance at this stage. To address the problems in the development, the author puts forward some countermeasures and feasible suggestions for its future development.
文摘Mendel, a survivor of Auschwitz who lives in Israel, remains silent for forty years after his traumatic experiences. However, Mendel, for no reason that his daughter Bella, also a survivor, can discern, begins to testify to his horrific ordeals during the Holocaust at putatively inopportune times, such as religious holidays and family celebrations. When his granddaughter Hayuta plans an engagement party, the social and historical incongruities of the Holocaust in the context of contemporary Israeli society become apparent. Ordinary pleasures are matters of moral obloquy in the face of the unfathomable black hole of the Holocaust. While critics have charged Mendel＇s daughter with preoccupation with invidious social climbing and his granddaughter Hayuta with moral reprehensible compartmentalization of her historical and familial existences, Liebrecht unwittingly implies that historical trauma has very diverse and inexplicable effects on different family members： Some, like the daughter Bella, eventually wish to hear more about the experiences of her father （while feeling that his words will ＂＇ruin＂ her social life）, while Hayuta and Shifra his daughter-in-law react by shunning the speech of Mendel, which they experience as destroying their quotidian happiness.
文摘The present paper is talking about the recent situation of the archeological buildings which exist through modern urban environments. Urban expansion has a large effect on the archeological buildings continuity since such type of development impresses several serious challenges which conservation plans as well as preservation polices must deal with. A number of that main challenges are mega-constructions （tunnels, damps, roads, etc.）, pollution, socio-cultural impacts and traffic. Within Um Qias, the archeological buildings face similar challenges consistent with the urban environment where it is presented and that challenges are reviewed in the local community behavior.
文摘Even if the act of pederasty is considered as a heinous crime, if we look into the ancient South Asian history, we will find evidences where pederasty has been widely a common practice. The folk-tales, literature, music, and other cultural evidences of ancient South Asia provide us numerous references of institutionalized pederasty. This research will investigate on the causes and effects of pederasty of ancient South Asia and will probe into the matter how this necessitated the minors to lem-n about sexuality
文摘In this paper, the author examines the possibilities of leisure （studies） in Mozambique. First, the author suggests that leisure can he looked at as a social construct which resulted from the colonial regulation of native labour, particularly between 1890s and 1974. Secondly, the author proposes that people look at the conditions of possibility of leisure in a context dominated by the new moral code of conduct, a cathartic purification of the colonial mentality, introduced through the ideology of the ＂New Man＂ created by the ruling party, Frelimo. Thirdly, the author examines the possibility of leisure in the context of Mozambique＇s adherence to neo-liberalism and market-driven economy after the collapse of socialism. The author concludes by providing the ground to establish lines of inquiry for an eventual field of leisure studies.
基金Aeknowlegements： Project supported by Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China （13YJC752014） Project supported by The Importation and Development of High-Caliber Talents Project of Beijing Municipal Institutions （CIT ＆ TCD201304011） and Project supported by Beijing Educational Committee （SM201310031003）.
文摘As the most influential representative of New England Transcendentalism, Ralph Waldo Emerson has been commonly known as a man of letters and a prophet of religion. Yet, at the same time, he was also questioned by some scholars who argued that Emerson remained aloof and indifferent to both politics and reforms. Scrutinizing the addresses, essays as well as other published writings of Emerson, we can have a better understanding of his deep thought and wisdom concerning reform, and fully realize his great influence. Based on analyzing two essential aspects of Emerson＇s views on reform, this paper points out that Emerson＇s views on reform are of historical importance; and his views can also provide realistic reference and guidance to the current social reform in China.
文摘In the process of folk custom development, ecological transformation is a normal phenomenon.This article will study the minority folk dance ecology transformation based on the perspective of social historical development.The author will discuss the native pattern and variable pattern for the development of the minority folk dance and analyze the positive influence and negative influence on minority dance at this stage. To address the problems in the development, the author puts forward some countermeasures and feasible suggestions for its future development
文摘This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.
