随着现代社交媒体的快速迭代与大健康时代的到来,青年群体主动或被动隔屏交流,其与他者间的交往形式也呈现出由现实向虚拟过渡的特征,并出现诸如“社恐”“社牛”等青年群像。由此可见,传统意义上的社交观也在时代的变迁之下演化为愈加...随着现代社交媒体的快速迭代与大健康时代的到来,青年群体主动或被动隔屏交流,其与他者间的交往形式也呈现出由现实向虚拟过渡的特征,并出现诸如“社恐”“社牛”等青年群像。由此可见,传统意义上的社交观也在时代的变迁之下演化为愈加符合当代青年群体特性的形态。当下社交形态受“佛系”“内卷”等青年亚文化的影响,与过去的社交形态类而不同。低欲望和弱动机、网络世界的纷扰让青年退居“社恐”,而内卷的社会环境和向上的积极心态让青年卷成“社牛”。万物互联的时代,需以礼为界,有来有往,保持联系,保持距离,从佛系和内卷中把握社交的度,让真正的社交重新回归现实生活。With the rapid iteration of modern social media and the arrival of the era of great health, youth groups actively or passively communicate on screen, and their communication forms with others also show the characteristics of transition from reality to virtual, and there are youth group images such as “social avoidance” and “social butterfly”. It can be seen that the traditional social concepts have also evolved into a form that is more in line with the characteristics of contemporary youth groups under the changes of the times. Influenced by youth subcultures such as “Buddhha like mindset” and “Involution (Neijuan)”, the current social forms are different from those in the past. The low desire, weak motivation and the disturbance of the Internet world make young people retreat into “social avoidance”, while the social environment and positive attitude of the inner volume make young people become “social butterfly”. In the age of interconnection of all things, we should take etiquette as the boundary, keep in touch, keep distance, grasp the degree of social interaction from Buddhism and inner roll, and let real social interaction return to real life.展开更多
The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk o...The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk of predation） and disadvantages （competition between members of the herd） of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions展开更多
Artemisia annua is a plant used to cure malaria diseases. Artemisia plant contains artemisinin as secondary metabolite that used to eliminate parasite that caused malaria, such as Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisia grow...Artemisia annua is a plant used to cure malaria diseases. Artemisia plant contains artemisinin as secondary metabolite that used to eliminate parasite that caused malaria, such as Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisia growth affects production of artemisinin content in plant. Therefore, necessary environment conditions and appropriate organic manure application are needed to support the growth of Artemisia. This research aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer type and proportion in the medium on the Artemisia growth. This research was conducted at greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, in October 2015 to January 2016. This research used a completely randomized design （CRD）, consisting of two factors of treatment with three replications. The first factor was type of fertilizer that consists of three types： horse manure fertilizer, compost filter press mud and cow manure fertilizer. The second factor was proportion of fertilizer with media consisted of five levels： fertilizer as media, proportion of fertilizer with media 4：1, 3：2, 2：3 and 1：4. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan＇s multiple range test with level of 5%. It can be concluded that treatment with compost filter press mud provided the highest of plant height, root length, days to flowering, root volume, fresh weight and dry weight of crop.展开更多
The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs （Dairy Co-operative Societies）/MPIs （Milk Producer I...The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs （Dairy Co-operative Societies）/MPIs （Milk Producer Institutions）. Constraints perceived in dairy farming and suggestions elicited by members and non-members were noted, tabulated and analyzed. The major constraints perceived by half or more than half of members were scarcity of water （91.67%）, lack of green fodder （88.33%）, preferring NS （natural service） than AI （Artificial Insemination） （83.33%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （81.37%）, insufficient loan amount （78.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （71.67%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （70.00%）, lack of remunerative price for milk （66.67%）, high cost of feed （61.67%）, lack of fodder conservation （55.00%） and high cost of animals （50.00%）. Whereas major constraints perceived by non-members were scarcity of water （96.67%）, lack of green fodder （93.33%）, preferring NS than AI （88.33%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （85.00%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （83.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （78.33%）, high cost of animals （75.00%）, complex procedure for obtaining loans （71.67%） and high cost of feed （66.67%）. Suggestions elicited by members majorly were providing subsidy for purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （81.67%）, enhancing the procurement price （70.00%）, providing more incentives （60.00%）, encouraging calf rearing （58.33%） and conducting frequent animal health camps （50.00%）. In case of non-members major suggestions elicited were conducting frequent animal health camps （68.33%） and providing subsidy on purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （58.33%）. Considering the above constraints perceived and suggestions elicited by dairy farmers a proper linkage strategy should be developed among private and public sectors in providing need based services to the dairy farmers.展开更多
文摘随着现代社交媒体的快速迭代与大健康时代的到来,青年群体主动或被动隔屏交流,其与他者间的交往形式也呈现出由现实向虚拟过渡的特征,并出现诸如“社恐”“社牛”等青年群像。由此可见,传统意义上的社交观也在时代的变迁之下演化为愈加符合当代青年群体特性的形态。当下社交形态受“佛系”“内卷”等青年亚文化的影响,与过去的社交形态类而不同。低欲望和弱动机、网络世界的纷扰让青年退居“社恐”,而内卷的社会环境和向上的积极心态让青年卷成“社牛”。万物互联的时代,需以礼为界,有来有往,保持联系,保持距离,从佛系和内卷中把握社交的度,让真正的社交重新回归现实生活。With the rapid iteration of modern social media and the arrival of the era of great health, youth groups actively or passively communicate on screen, and their communication forms with others also show the characteristics of transition from reality to virtual, and there are youth group images such as “social avoidance” and “social butterfly”. It can be seen that the traditional social concepts have also evolved into a form that is more in line with the characteristics of contemporary youth groups under the changes of the times. Influenced by youth subcultures such as “Buddhha like mindset” and “Involution (Neijuan)”, the current social forms are different from those in the past. The low desire, weak motivation and the disturbance of the Internet world make young people retreat into “social avoidance”, while the social environment and positive attitude of the inner volume make young people become “social butterfly”. In the age of interconnection of all things, we should take etiquette as the boundary, keep in touch, keep distance, grasp the degree of social interaction from Buddhism and inner roll, and let real social interaction return to real life.
基金part of a "Comision Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnologia" project (AGF99-0763-C02-02)funded by a grant (2001FI-00449)
文摘The Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is a mountain-dwelling ungulate with an extensive presence in open areas. Optimal group size results from the trade off between advantages （a reduction in the risk of predation） and disadvantages （competition between members of the herd） of group living. In addition, advantages and disadvantages of group living may vary depending on the position of each individual within the herd. Our objective was to study the effect of central vs. peripheral position in the herd on feeding and vigilance behavior in male and female Pyrenean chamois and to ascertain if a group size effect existed. We used focal animal sampling and recorded social interactions when a focal animal was involved. With males, vigilance rate was higher in the central part of the group than at the periphery, probably due to a higher density of animals in the central part of the herd and a higher probability of being disturbed by conspecifics. With females, vigilance rate did not differ according to position in the herd. Females spent more time feeding than males, and males showed a higher frequency of the vigilance behavior than females. We did not observe a clear relationship between group size and vigilance behavior. The differences in vigilance behavior might be due to social interactions
文摘Artemisia annua is a plant used to cure malaria diseases. Artemisia plant contains artemisinin as secondary metabolite that used to eliminate parasite that caused malaria, such as Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisia growth affects production of artemisinin content in plant. Therefore, necessary environment conditions and appropriate organic manure application are needed to support the growth of Artemisia. This research aimed to determine the effect of fertilizer type and proportion in the medium on the Artemisia growth. This research was conducted at greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, in October 2015 to January 2016. This research used a completely randomized design （CRD）, consisting of two factors of treatment with three replications. The first factor was type of fertilizer that consists of three types： horse manure fertilizer, compost filter press mud and cow manure fertilizer. The second factor was proportion of fertilizer with media consisted of five levels： fertilizer as media, proportion of fertilizer with media 4：1, 3：2, 2：3 and 1：4. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan＇s multiple range test with level of 5%. It can be concluded that treatment with compost filter press mud provided the highest of plant height, root length, days to flowering, root volume, fresh weight and dry weight of crop.
文摘The present study was conducted in four districts of Telangana State of India with 120 respondents in which 60 were members and other 60 were non-members of DCSs （Dairy Co-operative Societies）/MPIs （Milk Producer Institutions）. Constraints perceived in dairy farming and suggestions elicited by members and non-members were noted, tabulated and analyzed. The major constraints perceived by half or more than half of members were scarcity of water （91.67%）, lack of green fodder （88.33%）, preferring NS （natural service） than AI （Artificial Insemination） （83.33%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （81.37%）, insufficient loan amount （78.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （71.67%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （70.00%）, lack of remunerative price for milk （66.67%）, high cost of feed （61.67%）, lack of fodder conservation （55.00%） and high cost of animals （50.00%）. Whereas major constraints perceived by non-members were scarcity of water （96.67%）, lack of green fodder （93.33%）, preferring NS than AI （88.33%）, lack of availability of sufficient labour （85.00%）, negligence in feeding pregnant and dry animals （83.33%）, tendency to feed only grass and brans （78.33%）, high cost of animals （75.00%）, complex procedure for obtaining loans （71.67%） and high cost of feed （66.67%）. Suggestions elicited by members majorly were providing subsidy for purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （81.67%）, enhancing the procurement price （70.00%）, providing more incentives （60.00%）, encouraging calf rearing （58.33%） and conducting frequent animal health camps （50.00%）. In case of non-members major suggestions elicited were conducting frequent animal health camps （68.33%） and providing subsidy on purchase of animals/providing loans on par with the cost of animal （58.33%）. Considering the above constraints perceived and suggestions elicited by dairy farmers a proper linkage strategy should be developed among private and public sectors in providing need based services to the dairy farmers.
