This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were ...This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were within the Ikorigho and Otumara communities that recently experienced oil spillage and they are about 300 m from each other. While the third farm was within the Igbokoda community which is geographically similar but has not experienced oil spillage, it was used as control. The farmland was delineated at each area by the grid technique and soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth of the ground. Some physiochemical properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status （pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and cation exchange capacity （CEC）） were determined using standard methods and results from the three areas were compared. There was a significant decrease in the calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K） and organic matter, as well as a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, moisture content and phosphorous content of the oil-spill affected farmlands at Ikorigho and Otumara when compared with the non-affected farmland at Igbokoda. The acidic nature of the farmlands could not be attributed entirely to the oil spill since the control farmland at Igbokoda was slightly acidic. The results show that oil spillage has adversely affected the nutrient level and fertility status of farmland at Ikorigho and Otumara communities, which needs urgent remediation.展开更多
We studied the behavioral and endocrine responses of the fossorial s ocial rodent, mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall., to intrusions of strangers int o burrow systems that were occupied by intact families. Both in repr...We studied the behavioral and endocrine responses of the fossorial s ocial rodent, mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall., to intrusions of strangers int o burrow systems that were occupied by intact families. Both in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, all intruders disappeared from the burrow systems of residents within two days of introduction, whereas 4 of 7 individuals introduced into empty burrows remained there at least for two days. Introduction of strang ers led to the concentration of residents at the point of release and to an incr ease of plasma corticosterone in both residents and intruders. During the breedi ng season, introduction of strangers was also accompanied by an increase of plas ma testosterone of residents on the day of introduction. Thus, simulation of int rusion of strangers demonstrated the efficient social fence of resident mole vol es that seems to be an important mechanism of stabilization of size and structur e of mole vole families. Encounters of residents and intruders resulted in activ ation of physiological mechanisms of stress, especially during the breeding seas on .展开更多
Consequences of decommissioning oil fields on artisanal fishing activities are still little known in the literature. This paper is intended to shed some light on a process of dismantling and sinking of oil and gas str...Consequences of decommissioning oil fields on artisanal fishing activities are still little known in the literature. This paper is intended to shed some light on a process of dismantling and sinking of oil and gas structures in shallow waters, with severe disturbing impacts on low income artisanal fishing activities. From a socio-economic perspective, the relationship of oil industry with local communities is described, with the main perceived problems pointed out in local fishermen leadership perspective. The notions of ＂damages＂ and ＂mitigation＂ used by the oil industry are discussed in connection to the expansion and dismantling of oil installations during the past 20 yrs. A comparative view of oil fields decommissioning in Europe and Brazil during the late 1990s suggests the need to review transparency and social commitment standards which have been far less prominent in this Brazilian case. The authors believe that the Brazilian oil industry has acquired a social and environmental debt towards the whole society, as far as it has been unable to establish a clear and effective process for decommissioning their oil installations within the artisanal fishing areas of the Todosos Santos Bay. Furthermore, the discussion of fair and specific compensations has been avoided, which otherwise would be instrumental to regain local economic conditions found among fishermen just few decades ago.展开更多
The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural val...The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.展开更多
文摘This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were within the Ikorigho and Otumara communities that recently experienced oil spillage and they are about 300 m from each other. While the third farm was within the Igbokoda community which is geographically similar but has not experienced oil spillage, it was used as control. The farmland was delineated at each area by the grid technique and soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth of the ground. Some physiochemical properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status （pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and cation exchange capacity （CEC）） were determined using standard methods and results from the three areas were compared. There was a significant decrease in the calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K） and organic matter, as well as a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, moisture content and phosphorous content of the oil-spill affected farmlands at Ikorigho and Otumara when compared with the non-affected farmland at Igbokoda. The acidic nature of the farmlands could not be attributed entirely to the oil spill since the control farmland at Igbokoda was slightly acidic. The results show that oil spillage has adversely affected the nutrient level and fertility status of farmland at Ikorigho and Otumara communities, which needs urgent remediation.
文摘We studied the behavioral and endocrine responses of the fossorial s ocial rodent, mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall., to intrusions of strangers int o burrow systems that were occupied by intact families. Both in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, all intruders disappeared from the burrow systems of residents within two days of introduction, whereas 4 of 7 individuals introduced into empty burrows remained there at least for two days. Introduction of strang ers led to the concentration of residents at the point of release and to an incr ease of plasma corticosterone in both residents and intruders. During the breedi ng season, introduction of strangers was also accompanied by an increase of plas ma testosterone of residents on the day of introduction. Thus, simulation of int rusion of strangers demonstrated the efficient social fence of resident mole vol es that seems to be an important mechanism of stabilization of size and structur e of mole vole families. Encounters of residents and intruders resulted in activ ation of physiological mechanisms of stress, especially during the breeding seas on .
文摘Consequences of decommissioning oil fields on artisanal fishing activities are still little known in the literature. This paper is intended to shed some light on a process of dismantling and sinking of oil and gas structures in shallow waters, with severe disturbing impacts on low income artisanal fishing activities. From a socio-economic perspective, the relationship of oil industry with local communities is described, with the main perceived problems pointed out in local fishermen leadership perspective. The notions of ＂damages＂ and ＂mitigation＂ used by the oil industry are discussed in connection to the expansion and dismantling of oil installations during the past 20 yrs. A comparative view of oil fields decommissioning in Europe and Brazil during the late 1990s suggests the need to review transparency and social commitment standards which have been far less prominent in this Brazilian case. The authors believe that the Brazilian oil industry has acquired a social and environmental debt towards the whole society, as far as it has been unable to establish a clear and effective process for decommissioning their oil installations within the artisanal fishing areas of the Todosos Santos Bay. Furthermore, the discussion of fair and specific compensations has been avoided, which otherwise would be instrumental to regain local economic conditions found among fishermen just few decades ago.
基金The National Key Research and Development Plan of China(2017YFC0506404)Xinghua Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau(Evaluation of the economic,ecological and cultural values of the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem)
文摘The Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System(GIAHS)has been established by FAO to protect valuable agricultural systems that are rich in biodiversity and home to indigenous knowledge,technology and cultural values.GIAHS has been accepted by many countries as a tool to maintain traditional agrosystems as“living heritage”.This paper examined the Xinghua Duotian agrosystem in eastern China to explore whether the GIAHS programme is an effective instrument for top-down implementation of conservation policies initiated by the government.An intensive social survey using a questionnaire was conducted in the core conservation area to examine farmers’understanding of the agrosystem and their willingness to conserve it.Statistical analyses including factor analysis,a linear model,a logit model and an optimal scale model were used to reveal farmers’perception of GIAHS and the factors that impact their willingness to conserve.Results show that the agrosystem faces challenges of aging and population loss.Farmers were not very familiar with GIAHS.They did not link GIAHS to the agrosystem because they generally understood GIAHS as a title meant to bring economic benefits,although they also thought the agrosystem had non-economic values worth conserving.Because farmers were not sure about the economic outcomes of the GIAHS programme,they thought the government,not them,should take the main role in conservation.Therefore,GIAHS as a tool to encourage farmers to become active in conservation does not seem very effective.It will not become so until it truly facilitates the transformation of non-economic values to economic values in the agrosystem.We suggested that the concepts of GIAHS should be matched to farmers’perceptions to provide farmers with conservation incentives.
基金Under the auspices of the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40535025)the MOE(Ministry of Education)Project of Key Research Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences in Universities(07JJD790124)
