从《淡水准造社船往来厦蚶各口贸易》看清政府对台管控措施

嘉庆年间闽台两地经济上的互补性、人员流动、沿海宗族械斗事件、洋匪频繁袭扰等社会状况使当时台湾民众产生了迫切希望开通淡水与厦门、蚶江对渡的愿望。清政府为了巩固对台的管控与调和社会矛盾也在不断地调适政策。在《淡水准造社船往来厦蚶各口贸易》这则禀文中,就包含了当时清政府对台湾航海贸易、置办船只出海、社会治安及大陆移民台湾等事项的管理措施,为了解当时台湾社会状况提供了依据。

三峡旅游船社结合新型业态模式研究

旅游业是重庆的支柱产业之一.长江三峡是重庆市最重要的旅游资源,它的开发与管理关系到重庆市整个旅游市场.重庆市政府及三峡库区各级政府特别重视对三峡旅游市场的培养和发展,这几年来对三峡旅游市场的开发与规划投入了大量的人力和物力.前几年,由于盲目扩大旅游船的规模和旅游界"告别三峡"的误导,致使长江三峡旅游特色和优势没有发挥,甚至陷入了业内杀价、游客投诉、拉客宰客等恶性竞争的困境.如何使三峡旅游市场走出困境,使这个世界级旅游景区发挥更大效应?由重庆市政府支持、长江游船企业和旅行社共同组成的游船+旅行社--新型业态运作模式(简称船社结合模式),可谓是较好的模式,值得旅游界同仁研究和探讨.

清朝前期台米协济漳泉地区的特殊政策

清代福建存在着相当严重的“粮荒”问题 ,在其前期粮食市场不甚发达的情况下 ,主要依赖江浙漕粮及所属台湾府米谷的调拨协济而得以解决。漳泉地区因与台湾在地缘、族缘等方面的关系 ,在台米进口上享有特殊的政策 ,主要表现在“专拨”、“专买”制度上。清政府在这一点上 ,要求台湾官员突破地方主义 ,以全省大局为重 。

Study on economic and social benefits of the FRP ocean fishing vessels

Ocean fishing is one of the most important parts of the fishery economy in China. After more than 20 years of development, China has developed into one of the major ocean fishing countries in the world. However, due to the influence of natural laws at home and abroad, China＇s deep-sea fisheries have been faced with difficulties such as rising costs, increasing competition pressure on fishery resources and backward fishery equipment. In recent years, the development of ocean fishing has faced many difficulties. Therefore, this paper analyzes the economic and social benefits of the steel ocean fishing vessel and the glass and steel ocean fishing vessel. It has reached the aim of providing theoretical support for the new development direction of ocean fishing in China. Among them, the economic benefits are mainly compared and analyzed from four aspects of the maintenance fee, depreciation, fuel consumption and operational efficiency. Social benefits are mainly embodied in the aspects of energy saving, emission reduction, increasing consumption and reducing consumption, protecting resources and environment, ensuring the safety of fishermen at sea, optimizing the structure of fishery industry, and promoting standardization of fishing vessels. Through the analysis of these two aspects, the advantage and the obvious gain effect of the FRP ocean fishing vessel are fully proved. The FRP ocean fishing vessels can be realized more quickly by the enterprises built and used. Finally, it can promote the development of ocean FRP Ocean fishing vessels in China.

An accelerated scheme with high quality mesh based on Lloyd iteration

High quality mesh plays an important role for finite element methods in science computation and numerical simulation.Whether the mesh quality is good or not,to some extent,it determines the calculation results of the accuracy and efficiency.Different from classic Lloyd iteration algorithm which is convergent slowly,a novel accelerated scheme was presented,which consists of two core parts:mesh points replacement and local edges Delaunay swapping.By using it,almost all the equilateral triangular meshes can be generated based on centroidal Voronoi tessellation(CVT).Numerical tests show that it is significantly effective with time consuming decreasing by 40%.Compared with other two types of regular mesh generation methods,CVT mesh demonstrates that higher geometric average quality increases over 0.99.

A Rapid Estimation Method of Structural Fatigue Analysis for a 17k Ton DWT Oil Tanker

Fatigue cracks and fatigue damage have been important issues for ships and offshore structures for a long time.However,in the last decade,with the introduction of higher tensile steel in hull structures and increasingly large ship dimensions,the greater attention should be paid to fatigue problems.Most research focuses on how to more easily access the fatigue strength of ships.Also,the major classification societies have already released their fatigue assessment notes.However,due to the complexity of factors influencing fatigue performances,such as wave load and pressure from cargo,the combination of different stress components,stress on concentration of local structure details,means stress,and the corrosive environments,there are different specifications with varying classification societies,leading to the different results from different fatigue assessment methods.This paper established the Det Norske Veritas（DNV） classification notes ＂fatigue assessment of ship structures＂ that explains the process of fatigue assessment and simplified methods.Finally,a fatigue analysis was performed by use data of a real ship and the reliability of the result was assessed.

A Comparative Analysis of Vessels Detained under the PSC Agreements of Paris, Tokyo and Vina del Mar

Twenty years ago, in 1992, the International Maritime Organization set the objective of extending the regional Port State Control agreements to the world scale. This would be achieved, it was hoped, by ＂exporting＂ the model of the Paris MoU （Memorandum of Understanding） agreement of 1982 to other regional areas. Now would seem to be a good time to consider the prospects for a future scenario where all the countries involved form a truly global network with uniform procedures. The authors of this article put forward an earlier objective that could be the beginning of that global policy, fi＇om a detailed look at the three most important regional agreements （Paris, Tokyo and Vifia del Mar） that encompass geographically the following areas, respectively： Europe plus Canada, the Asia-Pacific, and South America. To this end, we first make a theoretical comparison based on the legal standards of application, and then present a study made of all the vessels detained under the three agreements, with a view to determining whether or not there are different kinds of behaviours, with regard to the flags and ＂recognised organizations＂ used by the vessels to certify their levels of safety. The numerical variables we have taken as basic with respect to compliance with the international standards are： the date that the vessel＇s keel was laid （age of the vessel） and as significant categorical variables, the type of vessel, the flag, the typology of that flag, the corresponding classification society, and whether or not that society is a member of the IACS （International Association of Classification Societies）. The results show a similar trend between the Paris and Tokyo agreements, but in the case of Vifia del Mar, the level of efficacy in the control appears to be insufficient in comparison with the standard of the other two.

The Relationship Between Psychosocial Working Conditions and Perceived Safety Climate for Engine Room Officers in the Swedish Merchant Fleet

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between psychosocial working conditions and perceived safety climate onboard the Swedish merchant fleet. Data was collected by a cross-sectional survey. The sample consisted of 640 Swedish employed engine room officers. A strong relationship was found between the psychosocial working conditions and perceived safety climate onboard （RZ = .204; P 〈 .001）. While role conflict and role ambiguity showed a negative association, social support associated positively with safety climate onboard, lob demands and control showed no relation to safety climate. The conclusion is that the safety climate onboard is strongly associated with social and relational factors.

Fatigue crack in large-scale tubular joints for offshore structures

Tubular members have been used for constructing offshore structures. Large-scale fatigue tests of welded tubular K-joints under the balanced in-plane bending brace were carried out to investigate the fatigue behavior of API 2W Gr.50 steel produced by POSCO. The experimental results were verified by numerical approaches and compared with the IIW, DnV RP-C203 and API RP 2A-WSD design curves. The test results based on the hot spot stress were in agreement with the design curves. The SCF factor for tubular K-joint was also obtained. The numerical parametric study of the K-joint (using the finite element program) was described and its results were compared with experimental results. The stress effects of various parameters including α, β, γ, τ and θ on the stress in the K-joint were investigated. The stress distribution for each parameter was introduced. The study showed that the maximum stress of the joint varied according to the variation of joint parameters.