神会大师和他所处的时代

天竺僧人菩提达摩被奉为中国禅宗的祖师,他于北魏时期来到洛阳,在嵩山创立了禅宗,相传他在圆寂时留下遗言:'吾灭后二百年,衣止不传,法周沙界。'并留下一偈:'吾本来兹土,传法救迷情。一花开五叶,结果自然成。'[1]预言禅宗将在未来中国蓬勃发展。到了盛唐时期,禅宗分为北禅神秀与南禅慧能两派,北禅主渐修,南禅主顿悟,世称'南能北秀'。北禅兴于北方,南禅流行于南方,本来两宗南北对峙,相安无事。

Study on the Spirits of University Teachers

The paper intends to study the formation of the spirit of independence, curiosity, innovation and benevolence which the university teachers in Medieval Europe had under the specific social and historical conditions. Based on this, by contrast the current crisis of spirits of medieval university teachers in modem society, the paper also analyzes the reasons and tries to find out the mechanism to cultivate the spirit of the university teachers in modem society.