河西走廊民间口头说唱文学的多神信仰体系——以河西宝卷与凉州贤孝为例

河西宝卷和凉州贤孝是流传于河西走廊集宗教、娱乐和民间信仰为一体的民间口头说唱文学,也是河西走廊民间信仰的重要载体之一。它们在"劝善惩恶"的道德基础上,以宣扬儒家孝道为核心,融合了佛教的因果报应观念和道家的积德行善,创造了一个儒、释、道、天、地、人诸神共处一室的"多神信仰"体系,真实再现了河西民众的心理诉求、生命意识与精神追求,折射出河西地区多元文化共存的包容性。

藏族的山崇拜和言仰中的山神体系

对自然的崇拜,是藏族先民原始宗教观念的产物。在自然崇拜中。藏族对山的崇拜格外痴迷,而且是锲而不舍。这种现象是由特定的地理环境所决定的。纵观这号称世界屋脊的青藏高原,大小山峦层见叠出,到处是雪峰突立、寒光流泻的景色,是大自然的神力引起人们对山的持久的崇拜,从崇拜中产生出信仰民俗来。

郭立中教授“上守神”思想在临床中的应用

"上守神"本为内经针刺思想,郭立中教授立足临床,发皇古义,系统总结,对"上守神"进行发挥,形成自己较完整的治神体系,内容涵盖立法体系、方药体系、针刺体系、辅助体系和祝由体系等,诸法互为补充。临床用之治疗神志病症,效若桴鼓。

从中医学五神理论探析周围性面瘫的证治

周围性面瘫起病急,恢复慢,中医多认为此病与正气亏虚,卫表失和,感受外邪致面部经络闭塞不通、经脉失养有关。临床多以固表、祛邪、通络为治疗原则,配合针灸治疗,笔者进一步剖析了其背后隐藏的精神心理层面问题。中医"五神"正是融合了个体生理与精神心理的完整的辨治系统。因此,我们在临床治疗周围性面瘫时,除了改善症状,恢复功能,更要抓住疾病发生发展的内在因素,则治疗此病事半功倍。

县域新型城镇化发展质量BP神经网络评价

城镇化是国家实现现代化发展的必经之路。新型城镇化发展的背景下,以新型城镇化发展内涵和县域新型城镇化发展质量作为基础,构建新型城镇化发展质量评价指标体系,运用BP神经网络对我国县域新型城镇化发展质量进行评价,得出50个县级城市的BP神经网络曲线拟合,表明优化的BP神经网络具有良好的拟合效果。根据我国各县域城市的新型城镇化发展质量情况,提出了推动县域新型城镇化发展和提高城镇化发展质量水平的对策与建议。

海昏侯墓孔子主题衣镜散论

江西海昏侯墓出土的孔子衣镜及衣镜上的铭文与画像,蕴含了丰富的含义。衣镜铭文中提及药“右白虎兮左仓龙,下玄蘑兮上凤凰”证明了汉代存在一个媪含“玄鹤”曲四神体系。衣镜架上的孔子及其弟子画像、关于孔子及其弟子生平的文字,表明墓主刘贺深愛孔子思想的影响,也暗含着墓主被废帝位后曾有过深刻的反思,以孔子的话语检视、约束自己。漆书最后几句的文字应当取自司马迁的《孔子世家》,可证刘贺曾读过《史记》。

Multi-sensor systems and information processing of mobile robot in uncertain environments

The PBJ- 01 robot is a kind of mobile robot featuring six wheels and two swing arms which can help it to fit many terrains. The robot has a sophisticated sensor system, which includes ultrasonic sensors, tentacle sensors and a vision sensor. The PBJ- 01 adopts behavior-based reactive control architecture in which the key part is an object recognition system based on a fuzzy neural network. Simulation validates that this system can conclude the obstacle type from the sensor data, and help the robot decide whether to negotiate or to avoid obstacles.

Neural pathway for fever generation

Fever is an adaptive host response coordinated by the central nervous system （CNS） during systemic immune challenge. Recent research shed light on the mechanism of fever generation, particularly the underlying neural pathways. In this review, we first briefly summarize current views on the mechanism of sensing microbial infection by the nervous system, and the roles of prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） and its receptors in fever; then we focus on the neural circuits underlying fever generation, particularly their relationship with the distribution of PGE2 receptors within the CNS. At the end, an overall neurochemical model of fever generation is presented, pointing to the direction for future studies.

The role and the mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid during central nervous system development

γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA） is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. During CNS development, the role of GABA is switched from an excitatory transmitter to an inhibitory transmitter, which is caused by an inhibition of calcium influx into postsynaptic neuron derived from release of GABA. The switch is influenced by the neuronal chloride concentration. When the neuronal chloride concentration is at a high level, GABA acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter. When neuronal chloride concentration decreases to some degree, GABA acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. The neuronal chloride concentration is increased by Na^＋-K^＋-Cl^-Cl^- cotransporters 1 （NKCC 1）, and decreased by K^＋-Cl^- cotransporter 2 （KCC2）.

Constitution Identification System for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Based on Correlation Between TCM Constitution and Physical Examination Indices

Objective Identification of one’s constitution based on a combination of features and back propagation neural network theory is needed in modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).We describe a method to identify one’s constitution based on TCM constitution classification and a physical index model.Methods We created a constitution identification system based on neural network using Visio Studio development tool.We report the initial implementation of the system,the accuracy of which was verified using actual data.Results We found a relatively strong correlation between TCM constitution and physical indicators.Conclusion Finally,our report describes a possible application of the proposed system.

B2 adrenergic receptors and morphological changes of the enteric nervous system in colorectal adenocarcinoma

To study the morphology of the enteric nervous system and the expression of beta-2 adrenergic (B2A) receptors in primary colorectal cancer.METHODSIn this study, we included forty-eight patients with primary colorectal cancer and nine patients for control tissue from the excision of a colonic segment for benign conditions. We determined the clinicopathological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of B2A receptors as well as the morphological changes of the enteric nervous system (ENS). In order to assess statistical differences, we used the student t-test for comparing the means of two groups and one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni’s post hoc analysis for comparing the means of more than two groups. Correlations were assessed using the Pearson’s correlation coefficient.RESULTSB2A receptors were significantly associated with tumor grading, tumor size, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05), while there were no statistically significant associations with gender, CRC location and gross appearance (P > 0.05). We observed, on one hand, a decrease of the relative area for both Auerbach and Meissner plexuses with the increase of the tumor grading, and on the other hand, an increase of the relative area of other nervous elements not in the Meissner plexus or in the Auerbach plexus with the tumor grading. For G1 tumors we found that epithelial B2A area showed an inverse correlation with the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.531, P < 0.05], while for G2 tumors, epithelial B2A areas showed an indirect variation with both the Auerbach plexus areas [r(14) = -0.453, P < 0.05] and the Meissner areas [r(14) = -0.825, P < 0.01]. For G3 tumors, the inverse dependence increased for both Auerbach [r(14) = -0.587, P < 0.05] and Meissner [r(14) = -0.934, P < 0.05] plexuses.CONCLUSIONB2A receptors play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis and can be utilized as prognostic factors. Furthermore, study of the ENS in colorectal cancer may lead to targeted molecular therapies.

Coal mine safety production forewarning based on improved BP neural network

Firstly, the early warning index system of coal mine safety production was given from four aspects as per- sonnel, environment, equipment and management. Then, improvement measures which are additional momentum method, adaptive learning rate, particle swarm optimization algorithm, variable weight method and asynchronous learning factor, are used to optimize BP neural network models. Further, the models are applied to a comparative study on coal mine safety warning instance. Results show that the identification precision of MPSO-BP network model is higher than GBP and PSO-BP model, and MPSO- BP model can not only effectively reduce the possibility of the network falling into a local minimum point, but also has fast convergence and high precision, which will provide the scientific basis for the forewarnin~ management of coal mine safetv production.

A hybrid neural network system for prediction and recognition of promoter regions in human genome

This paper proposes a high specificity and sensitivity algorithm called PromPredictor for recognizing promoter regions in the human genome. PromPredictor extracts compositional features and CpG islands information from genomic sequence,feeding these features as input for a hybrid neural network system (HNN) and then applies the HNN for prediction. It combines a novel promoter recognition model, coding theory, feature selection and dimensionality reduction with machine learning algorithm.Evaluation on Human chromosome 22 was ～66% in sensitivity and ～48% in specificity. Comparison with two other systems revealed that our method had superior sensitivity and specificity in predicting promoter regions. PromPredictor is written in MATLAB and requires Matlab to run. PromPredictor is freely available at http://www.whtelecom.com/Prompredictor.htm.

Central nervous system complications in renal transplant recipients: Report of 68 cases

Objective: To observe the central nervous system (CNS) complications among 1083 consecutive renal transplant (RT) recipients. Methods: Systemic analyses of the incidence, time of onset and clinical outcome of CNS complications were conducted in 1083 patients receiving cadaveric RT in Nanfang Hospital during Jan 1992 to Dec 1999. Results: Various CNS complications occurred in a total of 68 RT recipients (6. 28%, 68/1083) with a mortality of (1.29%, 14/1083). Of all the 1 083 recipients enrolled in this study,diffuse encephalopathy occurred in 31 cases (2.86%), cerebrovascular accidents in 17 (1.56%), seizure in 11 (1.02%) and CNS infection in 9 (0. 83%). Immusuppressive agents was the major cause for diffuse encephalopathy (93.5 %, 29/31), and cerebrovascular accidents were associated with a mortality rate of 70. 5%(12/17) and CNS infection with a mortality rate of 22. 22% (2/9). Most of the complications took place within the first month after RT, especially the first 2 weeks, but the majority of CNS infection occurred 1 year after RT. Conclusion: About 6% of renal transplant recipients develop CNS complications that result in a mortality of 1. 29%, which require early diagnosis and vigorous treatment. Diffuse encephalopathy and cerebrovascular accidents are the two most common CNS complications, and immunosuppressive agents play a important role in the occurrence of encephalopathy. Most of the CNS complications occurred early after RT, but CNS infections may occur rather late, and cerebrovascular accidents and CNS infection are the two major causes of death.

Distribution of Like-muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor M2 in the Brain of Three Castes of Polyrhachis vicina

The cholinergic system plays an important role in the central nervous system of insects and is closely related to the complex behavior of insects. The immunohistochemical technique was performed to detect the expression of like-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 in the brain of three castes of Polyrhachis vicina. A positive expression of like-muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2 was observed in the mushroom body, central body and antennal lobes of the ant brain; but there is great diversity in their location and intensity among worker, queen and male ants. It is speculated that like-muscafinic acetylcholine receptor M2 plays a critical role in the central nervous system, in terms of projecting visual information and olfactory information into the protocerebrum and integrating many inputs.

Role of nuclear receptor NR4A2 in gastrointestinal inflammation and cancers

NR4A2 is a transcription factor belonging to the steroid orphan nuclear receptor superfamily.It was originally considered to be essential in the generation and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons,and associated with neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease.Recently,NR4A2 has been found to play a critical role in some inflammatory diseases and cancer.NR4A2 can be efficiently trans-activated by some proinflammatory cytokines,such as tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-1β,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).The nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway serves as a principal regulator of inducible NR4A expression in immune cells.NR4A2 can trans-activate Foxp3,a hallmark specifically expressed in regulatory T(Treg) cells,and plays a critical role in the differentiation,maintenance,and function of Treg cells.NR4A2 in T lymphocytes is pivotal for Treg cell induction and suppression of aberrant induction of Th1 under physiological and pathological conditions.High density of Foxp3 + Treg cells is significantly associated with gastrointestinal inflammation,tumor immune escape,and disease progression.NR4A2 is produced at high levels in CD133 + colorectal carcinoma(CRC) cells and significantly upregulated by cyclooxygenase-2-derived prostaglandin E 2 in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)-dependent manner in CRC cells.The cAMP/PKA signaling pathway is the common pathway of NR4A2-related inflammation and cancer.NR4A2 trans-activates osteopontin,a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway associated with CRC invasion,metastasis,and poor prognosis.Knockdown of endogenous NR4A2 expression attenuates VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation,migration and in vivo angiogenesis.Taken together,NR4A2 emerges as an important nuclear factor linking gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer,especially CRC,and should serve as a candidate therapeutic target for inflammation-related gastrointestinal cancer.

D-β-hydroxybutyrate inhibits microglial activation in a cell activation model in vitro

Microglial activation plays an important role in a panel of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS) and Parkinson's disease(PD),and is a key target for developing therapeutic strategies for these diseases.Ketogenic diet (KD),which is able to inhibit microglial activation in substantia nigra pars compacta of mice,has been shown effective in a mouse model of PD,possibly through increasing D-β-hydroxybutyrate(D-β-HB),a major component of ketone bodies.To verify this,we developed an in vitro model of microglia activation with a microglia line,BV-2,and investigated how D-β-HB have an effect on the LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.We found D-β-HB is able to recover the cell viability,and inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines such as ROS,nitrite,IL-1β,TNF-α,and IL-6,which otherwise were increased in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.We conclude that the LPS induced BV-2 cells activation is a valid in vitro model of microglia activation.D-β-HB is able to suppress the activation of BV-2 cells, which might account for one of the possible reasons of KD therapy on the PD model.

Spiritual Capital as a Fundamental Element of Cultural Capital

Cultural capital is usually regarded as a mechanism of influence on personality. Coleman contributed to this study largely, although Bourdieu introduced the concept of a theoretical understanding of capital varieties. He was interested in the convergence of social, cultural, and economic capital. The authors propose to focus on the cultural capital of both the qualitative characteristics of the state of society. The problem is that in the presence of cultural capital as a funded system of values in the form of works of art and science, society degrades morally. Any cultural capital based on traditional religious values. This does not mean the broadcasting of religious themes in works of art, although it excludes, but rather a philosophical position of artists and researchers, through which the public receives the interpretation of events, their assessment of a certain value-regulatory system of coordinates. This element is the spiritual capital of the company and is a fundamental element of cultural capital. Qualitative state of society, its morality depends on the amount of spiritual capital, which he occupies in the field of cultural capital. A striking example of how the degradation and spiritual revival of capital in society can serve as the processes that took place during the last century.