脑卒中后抑郁“通督塑神”推拿诊疗方案优化研究

目的基于“通督塑神”干预脑卒中后抑郁(Post stroke depression,PSD)的理论内涵,结合德尔菲调研法进行两轮专家问卷,优化推拿干预PSD的诊疗方案,制定适用于PSD的优效推拿操作模式。方法选择我国不同省市具有丰富神志病推拿干预经验的专家参与两轮问卷。统计分析两轮问卷的专家基本情况、积极程度、协调系数、权威系数指标后进行条目筛选。结果两轮德尔菲调研分别选择了34、37名专家进行了问卷调查,专家积极系数分别为94.44%和94.47%;两轮问卷平均专家权威系数为0.65和0.74;两轮问卷专家协调程度较为一致,肯德尔系数W均>0.4。结论经过德尔菲两轮专家调研,筛选并标定了具体手法、功法条目及治疗频率,形成了专家权威度较高、共识度较好的“通督塑神”推拿干预PSD优化版诊疗方案,临床可推广应用于PSD患者。

“学与做”特色课程的神塑与型塑——温州三中特色校本课程的创建

如何通过开发有特色的校本课程体现学校办学的价值取向,如何通过校本课程建设促进学校特色发展,温州三中基于学校办学历史与现实的考量,从校本课程的"形塑"与"神塑"两个方面,阐述学校开展"学与做"特色校本课程建设的思考与实践。

近代纳西族、白族商人特殊塑神行为

基于不同的文化背景 ,各地商人的塑神、祀神等行为 ,无不体现着地方文化的斑斓色彩、折射出地方历史的特殊发展内涵。在近代特殊历史条件下成长壮大起来的云南地方民族商人 ,和内地商人一样祈福于财神、关公等一般神灵的同时 ,也把寻求精神慰藉的目光投向了本乡本土的传统信仰习俗 ,反映出地方民族文化特色在这些商人身上的深深烙印。同时 ,商人借助参与重构地方祀神仪式的契机 。

Using the endocannabinoid system as a neuroprotective strategy in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

One of the most important causes of brain injury in the neonatal period is a perinatal hypoxicischemic event.This devastating condition can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even death.After hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,a variety of specific cellular mechanisms are set in motion,triggering cell damage and finally producing cell death.Effective therapeutic treatments against this phenomenon are still unavailable because of complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.After a thorough understanding of the mechanism underlying neural plasticity following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,various neuroprotective therapies have been developed for alleviating brain injury and improving long-term outcomes.Among them,the endocannabinoid system emerges as a natural system of neuroprotection.The endocannabinoid system modulates a wide range of physiological processes in mammals and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in different paradigms of acute brain injury,acting as a natural neuroprotectant.The aim of this review is to study the use of different therapies to induce long-term therapeutic effects after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and analyze the important role of the endocannabinoid system as a new neuroprotective strategy against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

从“以形塑神”到“重意略形”——论城市空间中的人物雕塑

本文从东晋著名画家顾恺之"形神论"的观点出发,分析中国雕塑家在塑造城市雕塑人物形体时从"形似"向"神似"转变,用中国文化概括的"写意"手法表现高度的意象之美。无论是"以形塑神"还是"重意略形"均没有重神轻形之意,雕塑家的目的是让人物雕塑更好的融入城市空间,既能显现时代文化气息,又能引发公众的互动与共鸣。

Neural Network Approach to Predict Melt Temperature in Injection Molding Processes

Among the processing conditions of injection molding, temperature of the melt entering the mold plays a significant role in determining the quality of molded parts. In our previous research, a neural network was developed to predict the melt temperature in the barrel during the plastication phase. In this paper, a neural network is proposed to predict the melt temperature at the nozzle exit during the injection phase. A typical two-layer neural network with back propagation learning rules is used to model the relationship between input and output in the injection phase. The preliminary results show that the network works well and may be used for on-line optimization and control of injection molding processes.

Neural network method for solving elastoplastic finite element problems

A basic optimization principle of Artificial Neural Network—the Lagrange Programming Neural Network (LPNN) model for solving elastoplastic finite element problems is presented. The nonlinear problems of mechanics are represented as a neural network based optimization problem by adopting the nonlinear function as nerve cell transfer function. Finally, two simple elastoplastic problems are numerically simulated. LPNN optimization results for elastoplastic problem are found to be comparable to traditional Hopfield neural network optimization model.

EFFECT OF ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ON SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS IN CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA RATS

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on synaptic structure of hippocampal nerve felts and synaptophysin(SYN)expression in rats with cerebral ischemic injury. Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomized into sham-operation group, cerebral ischemia (CI) group and EA group, each of which was further divided into 1week (W) and 5W subgroups. CI injury model was established by occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. 'Baihui'(百会 GV 20), 'Dazhui' (大椎 GV 14), 'Renzhong'(人中 GV 26) and 'Guangyuan'(关会 CV 4) were punctured and stimulated electrically. The brain tissue sections containing hippocampus region were stained with immu nohistochemical technique and observed under light microscope and transmission electronic microscope. Results: After CI, the ischemic injury as degeneration of the presynapse compositions, decrease of the synaptic numeral density, and low expression of SYN were observed in hippocampal CA1 area. By the 5th week after CI, the neonatal synapses of Cl and EA groups appeared, and SYN expression was upregulated. In EA group, the recovery of the numeral density of synapses was especially noticeable, being 93.8% of that of sham-operation group and significantly higher than that in Cl group (P<0.01). Compared with sham-operation group, the calibrated optical density (COD) values of SYN increased to 70% in CI group, and 93.3% in EA group, and COD value in EA group was significantly higher than that in Cl group (P<0.01). Conclusion: EA can function in promoting synaptic regeneration and enhancing and perfecting the actions of the reconstructed synapses in hippocampal CA1 area in Cl rats.

Mechanism of Integrative Body-Mind Training

Integrative Body-Mind Training（IBMT） originates from ancient Eastern tradition.The method stresses no effort to control thoughts,but instead a state of restful alertness that allows a high degree of awareness of the body,breathing,and external instructions.A series of studies indicates that IBMT improves attention and self-regulation through interaction between the central（brain） and the autonomic（body） nervous systems.The present review mainly summarizes the recent results of IBMT studies and proposes how it changes the state of brain and body to lead to positive outcomes.Future directions in this field are also discussed.

Preventive effect of estrogen on depression-like behavior induced by chronic restraint stress

Objective To investigate the roles of estrogen and kalirin-7 in chronic restraint stress （CRS）-induced depression and the pathophysiological mechanism of depression. Methods Healthy female mice from Institute of Cancer Research （ICR） were randomly divided into 3 groups： control group, CRS group, and estrogen ＋ CRS group. CRS was used to establish the animal model of depression. Forced swimming test and immunohistochemistry method were utilized to investigate the animal behavior and kalirin-7 expression in the hippocampus, respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the CRS mice displayed depression-like behaviors, including a significant reduction in body weight, a significant increase in immobility time in forced swimming test, and a dramatic decrease in kalirin-7 expression in the hippocampus. However, administration of estrogen attenuated the CRS-induced negative behaviors, and simultaneously increased kalirin-7 expression. Conclusion Estrogen replacement therapy （ERT） could prevent CRS-induced depression-like behaviors in female ICR mice. Besides, kalirin-7 also plays a role in preventing CRS-induced depression-like behaviors.

Influence of Scalp Point-through-point Acupuncture on 200 kDa Neurofilament Protein in Rats with Acute Cerebral Infarction

Objective： To investigate the effect of scalp point-through-point acupuncture on 200 kDa neurofilament protein （NF-200） in rats with acute cerebral infarction and explore its mechanism on nerve plasticity in cerebral infarction rats. Methods： Healthy male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to sham operation （Group A）, model （Group B） and acupuncture （Group C） groups. A rat middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） model of cerebral ischemia was made. NF-200 mRNA was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） in each group on the 7th, 14th and 28th days. Results： The cerebral expression of NF-200 in group C was significantly different from those in groups A and B （P〈0.05）; there was a significant difference between groups C and B or A at different time windows （P〈0.01）, indicating that scalp point-through-point acupuncture could improve the cerebral expression of NF-200. Conclusion： Scalp point-through-point acupuncture can improve neural function, promote the recovery of limb function and increase the expression of NF-200 after cerebral ischemia, exerting a regulative effect on neuronal plasticity in the brain.

Plasticity as panacea？ Nerves, hormones, and the currencies of trade-offs

Phenotypic plasticity is nearly universal among organisms, and evidence indicates that plasticity can exhibit additive genetic variation and respond to selection. These findings have important implications for our understanding of how plasticity may be constrained and how its mechanistic structure may affect its evolution. Many life history trade-offs may be conceptua- lized as plastic traits, with individuals varying in their position along trade-off axes due to genetic differences, developmental plasticity, or short-term plasticity occurring throughout an individual＇s lifetime. Behavioral plasticity is key to understanding when organisms are likely to encounter trade-offs, whether those trade-offs can be mitigated, and how the tradc-offs affect the ecology and evolution of populations. In this review, we discuss hormonal and neural mechanisms that may influence how plastic behavioral traits are expressed and evolve. We also outline a classification of life history trade-offs and their mechanistic bases and discuss the currencies most likely to mediate each category of trade-off and bow they are tied to the mechanisms by which animals express their behaviors.

The effects of gonadal hormones on learning and memory in male mammals： A review

The primary role of the gonadal steroid hormones in mammals is to regulate reproduction and related behaviors; however, both androgens and estrogens are also integrally involved in mediating higher brain function and processes including cognition, neural development, and neural plasticity. In particular, a number of studies show that estradiol modulates dendritic spine growth and synapse density （synaptic plasticity） in the hippocampus of females, and that increased estradiol levels are generally associated with improvements on a variety of learning and memory tasks. While the majority of research has focused on the beneficial effects of estradiol in females, much less attention has been given to testosterone and its effects on learning and memory in males. Similar to estradiol titers in females, testosterone titers in males decline with age, albeit more gradually, and this decline has been correlated with impairment of certain cognitive tasks. Moreover, studies involving both humans and animals indicate that testosterone and its metabolites can augment responding on certain behavioral tasks, depending on the subject＇s current hormonal state, the response required, and the stimuli involved （e.g., those involving spatial or nonspatial stimuli）. While the exact mechanisms by which testosterone exerts its effects on learning and memory are not fully understood, recent findings suggest that testosterone modulates learning and memory in males through an interaction with the cholinergic system. The overall objective of this review is to discuss studies investigating the role of the gonadal hormones in mediating learning and memory processes in male mammals [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 543-558, 2011].

Hybrid memristor-CMOS neurons for in-situ learning in fully hardware memristive spiking neural networks

Spiking neural network,inspired by the human brain,consisting of spiking neurons and plastic synapses,is a promising solution for highly efficient data processing in neuromorphic computing.Recently,memristor-based neurons and synapses are becoming intriguing candidates to build spiking neural networks in hardware,owing to the close resemblance between their device dynamics and the biological counterparts.However,the functionalities of memristor-based neurons are currently very limited,and a hardware demonstration of fully memristor-based spiking neural networks supporting in-situ learning is very challenging.Here,a hybrid spiking neuron combining a memristor with simple digital circuits is designed and implemented in hardware to enhance neuron functions.The hybrid neuron with memristive dynamics not only realizes the basic leaky integrate-and-fire neuron function but also enables the in-situ tuning of the connected synaptic weights.Finally,a fully hardware spiking neural network with the hybrid neurons and memristive synapses is experimentally demonstrated for the first time,and in-situ Hebbian learning is achieved with this network.This work opens up a way towards the implementation of spiking neurons,supporting in-situ learning for future neuromorphic computing systems.

把握价值关键,抓实育人根本,努力推动中国人的现代化

中国的现代化,关键是中国人的现代化。现代人格是现代人的核心。价值观是现代人的“魂”,核心理念是现代人的“神”。抓好教育,固本培源,立德树人。培育文化,守正创新,以文化人。重在建设,实践创造,成风化人。

Floating-gate photosensitive synaptic transistors with tunable functions for neuromorphic computing

Synaptic devices that merge memory and processing functions into one unit have broad application potentials in neuromorphic computing, soft robots, and humanmachine interfaces. However, most previously reported synaptic devices exhibit fixed performance once been fabricated,which limits their application in diverse scenarios. Here, we report floating-gate photosensitive synaptic transistors with charge-trapping perovskite quantum dots(PQDs) and atomic layer deposited(ALD) Al_(2)O_(3) tunneling layers, which exhibit typical synaptic behaviors including excitatory postsynaptic current(EPSC), pair-pulse facilitation and dynamic filtering characteristics under both electrical or optical signal stimulation. Further, the combination of the high-quality Al2O3 tuning layer and highly photosensitive PQDs charge-trapping layer provides the devices with extensively tunable synaptic performance under optical and electrical co-modulation. Applying light during electrical modulation can significantly improve both the synaptic weight changes and the nonlinearity of weight updates, while the memory effect under light modulation can be obviously adjusted by the gate voltage.The pattern learning and forgetting processes for "0" and "1"with different synaptic weights and memory times are further demonstrated in the device array. Overall, this work provides synaptic devices with tunable functions for building complex and robust artificial neural networks.

STAT3 signal that mediates the neural plasticity is involved in willed-movement training in focal ischemic rats

Willed-movement training has been demonstrated to be a promising approach to increase motor per- formance and neural plasticity in ischemic rats. However, little is known regarding the molecular signals that are in- volved in neural plasticity following willed-movement training. To investigate the potential signals related to neural plasticity following willed-movement training, littermate rats were randomly assigned into three groups： middle cerebral artery occlusion, environmental modification, and willed-movement training. The infarct volume was measured 18 d after occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and im- munofluorescence staining were used to detect the changes in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3） mRNA and protein, respectively. A chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to investigate whether STAT3 bound to plasticity-related genes, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）, synaptophysin, and protein in- teracting with C kinase 1 （PICK1）. In this study, we demonstrated that STAT3 mRNA and protein were markedly increased following 15-d willed-movement training in the ischemic hemispheres of the treated rats. STAT3 bound to BDNF, PICK1, and synaptophysin promoters in the neocortical cells of rats. These data suggest that the increased STAT3 levels after willed-movement training might play critical roles in the neural plasticity by directly regulating plasticity-related genes.

Cell cycle reactivation in mature neurons: a link with brain plasticity, neuronal injury and neurodegenerative diseases?

Although the cell cycle machinery is essentially linked to cellular proliferation, recent findings suggest that neuronal cell death is frequently concurrent with the aberrant expression of cell cycle proteins in post-mitotic neurons. The present work reviews the evidence of cell cycle reentry and expression of cell cycle-associated proteins as a complex response of neurons to insults in the adult brain but also as a mechanism underlying brain plasticity. The basic aspects of cell cycle mechanisms, as well as the evidence showing cell cycle protein expression in the injured brain, are reviewed. The discussion includes recent experimental work attempting to establish a correlation between altered brain plasticity and neuronal death, and an analysis of recent evidence on how neural cell cycle dysregulation is related to neurodegenerative diseases especially the Alzheimer＇s disease. Understanding the mechanisms that control reexpression of proteins required for cell cycle progression which is involved in brain remodeling, may shed new light into the mechanisms involved in neuronal demise under diverse pathological circumstances. This would provide valuable clues about the possible therapeu tic targets, leading to potential treatment of presently challenging neurodegenerative diseases.