Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor defic...Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflammatory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.展开更多
In order to determine the regulations of the development of taxi supply under entry regulations in Chinese cities, an improved neural network model is applied to find the particular years when the government artificia...In order to determine the regulations of the development of taxi supply under entry regulations in Chinese cities, an improved neural network model is applied to find the particular years when the government artificially puts new taxis into the market, and then extract the political influence from the taxi supply. The model is also utilized to study the relationships between the adjusted taxi supply and non-policy factors. A case study of Nanjing city is conducted. The results show that 2001 and 2007 are the particular years that the Nanjing government artificially put new taxis into its taxi market, which is in accordance with the five-year plan of China and the local development plans. The results also show that the improved neural network model has a good performance in expositing the evolution of adjusted taxi supply related to non-policy factors.展开更多
Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficie...Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflam- matory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.展开更多
A primary benign schwannoma of the liver is extremely rare and is difficult to preoperatively discriminate from a malignant tumor.We compared the imaging and pathological findings,and examined the possibility of preop...A primary benign schwannoma of the liver is extremely rare and is difficult to preoperatively discriminate from a malignant tumor.We compared the imaging and pathological findings,and examined the possibility of preoperatively diagnosing a benign liver schwannoma.A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a 4.6-cm mass in the liver.A malignant tumor was suspected,and a right hepatectomy was performed.After this,the diagnosis of a primary benign schwannoma of the liver was made through pathological examination.Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) with Sonazoid showed minute blood flows into the septum and solid areas of the tumor in the vascular phase;most likely due to increased arterial flow associated with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells.In the postvascular phase,CEUS showed contrast defect of cystic areas and delayed enhancement of solid areas;most likely due to aggregation of siderophores.Because discriminating between a benign and malignant schwannoma of the liver is difficult,surgery is generally recommended.However,the two key findings from CEUS may be useful in discriminating ancient schwannoma by recognizing the hemorrhage involved in the secondary degeneration and aggregation of siderophores.展开更多
Although spinal tumors are uncommon, they may reduce survival or cause serious functional disorders in the extremities. Metastatic spinal tumors from malignant tumors can induce symptoms of spinal cord compression, su...Although spinal tumors are uncommon, they may reduce survival or cause serious functional disorders in the extremities. Metastatic spinal tumors from malignant tumors can induce symptoms of spinal cord compression, such as paraplegia, quadriplegia, and vesicorectal disturbance, which are aggravated with progression of the diseases and time. We report a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was suspected of having spinal lesions based on neurological findings, and a metastatic spinal tumor was found by imaging examination. Assuming that metastasis had occurred at the time lumbar pain developed, the patient reached the level of gait disturbance within only 4 mo, showing a rapid advancement of symptoms. If early diagnosis had been possible, treatment could be performed before acute myelopathy progressed to complete paralysis. We speculate that the terminal stage of HCC is not only liver failure associated with intrahepatic lesions but also metastasis to other regions, treatment for individual pathologies therefore, will be needed, which constitutes an important issue.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions...Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.展开更多
Three cases of transient proximal small bowel angioedema induced by intravenous administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (CM) are presented.Computed tomography (CT) images in the venous phase displayed the ...Three cases of transient proximal small bowel angioedema induced by intravenous administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (CM) are presented.Computed tomography (CT) images in the venous phase displayed the proximal small bowel with circumferential thickening of the wall including the duodenum and proximal segment of the jejunum.The bowel wall was normal in non-enhanced images,and normal or inconspicuous in arterial phase enhanced images.In one of the three cases,the bowel wall was thickened in venous phase but disappeared in the 40 s delayed phase images.No filling defect was seen in the lumen of the superior mesenteric artery and vein.No peritoneal effusion or mesentery abnormality was found.Each of these patients reported only mild abdominal discomfort and recovered without specific treatment within a short time.Only one patient suffered mild diarrhea after scanning which had resolved by the following day.The transient anaphylactic small bowel angioedema due to intravenous iodinated contrast media was easily diagnosed based on its characteristic CT findings and clinical symptoms.Differential diagnosis may include inflammatory and ischemic bowel disease,as well as neoplasms.A three-phase CT protocol and good under-standing of this disorder are fundamentally important in the diagnosis of this condition.The supposed etiology behind the transient anaphylactic reaction to intravenous administration of iodinated CM in small bowel is similar to other CM-induced hypersensitive immediate reactions.The predilection location of transient anaphylactic bowel angioedema is the small intestine,particularly the proximal segment.A speculated cause may be the richer supply of vessels in the small intestine,ample mucous folds and loose connective tissue in the duodenum and the jejunum.展开更多
Objective: To explore the affecting factors of liver cancer recurrence after hepatectomy. Methods:The BP artificial neural network - Cox regression was introduced to analyze the factors of recurrence in1 457 patients....Objective: To explore the affecting factors of liver cancer recurrence after hepatectomy. Methods:The BP artificial neural network - Cox regression was introduced to analyze the factors of recurrence in1 457 patients. Results: The affecting factors statistically significant to liver cancer prognosis was selected.There were 18 factors to be selected by uni-factor analysis, and 9 factors to be selected by multi-factor analysis. Conclusion: The 9 factors selected can be used as important indexes to evaluate the recurrence of liver cancer after hepatectomy. The artificial neural network is a better method to analyze the clinical data, which provides scientific and objective data for evaluating prognosis of liver cancer.展开更多
Ancient Egyptians change the orientation of their temples from True East (during the old kingdom) to the Winter Solstice (during the new kingdom), because of the cultic change from a rather pure solar to a mixed s...Ancient Egyptians change the orientation of their temples from True East (during the old kingdom) to the Winter Solstice (during the new kingdom), because of the cultic change from a rather pure solar to a mixed solar religion (R^a to Amfin-R^a). The traditional methods for measuring the orientations and alignment, the axis of ancient Egyptian constructions like field survey are usually time consuming and costly. Remote sensing techniques are becoming powerful tools for archaeologists in their discovery and exploration ancient sites. Many researchers have considered very high resolution sensors, especially IKONOS with 1.0 m resolution, QuickBird with 0.61 m resolution and Geoeye-1 with 0.50 m resolutions as possible substitutes of the classical aerial photos used for multi purposes such as cartographic at large scales. Research objectives is to establish a practical methodology for calculation the orientation of the main axis of the ancient Egyptian temple based on very high resolution QuickBird images as alternative for traditional methods. Five sites have been selected to perform our research lies in Luxor city, Egypt: Luxor, Karnak, Hatshepsut, Ramesseum temples and Madinat Habu. Analysis of the obtained results has been done to explain the type of orientation of Luxor temples. Previous archaeologist's studies classified the orientation of ancient Egyptians constructions into astronomical orientation (solar, moon and stars) or topographical orientation (Nile direction and hills) or both. A comparative study has been done between the results obtained from traditional methods (field survey and Google Earth images) and from very high resolution QuickBird satellite images. From the obtained results, error in the main axis azimuth of Luxor, Karnak, Madinat Habu, Hatshepsut and Ramesseum temples range about minutes of are. One can concluded that using VHR (Very High Resolution) QuickBird satellite images in calculation the azimuth of ancient sites is the accurate method.展开更多
It was the first time demonstrated by us that the number of newborn neurons was increajsed after making lesion in forebraill of adult ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)by means of autoradiography and immunohistochemistr...It was the first time demonstrated by us that the number of newborn neurons was increajsed after making lesion in forebraill of adult ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)by means of autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.Neurogenesis in the adult avian is restricted to the telencephalon. In doves with bilateral electrolytic lesion of nucleus ectostriatum (E), the mean number of proliferating cells in the lateral ventricular zone (LVZ) and newborn neurons in the forebrain increased by 1.95 times and 2.38times respectively as compared with that in intact doves. The most relllarkable increase of neurogenesis induced by nucleus ectostriatum lesions was found at the anteriorposterior level 3 (L3), where the lesion site was located.These results showed that the electrolytic brain lesion altered the distribution pattern of proliferating cells in theLVZ and resulted in increase of the number of newborn neurons in the non-VZ areas of forebrain. The changes in number and distribution pattern of proliferating cells in LVZ and newborn neurons in forebrain may be dependent on site of lesion. Studies on the relationship between proliferating cells in LVZ and newly generated neurons in non-VZ areas may help to understand the mechanism of brain plasticity and development.展开更多
Movies have great power to shape the system of values in contemporary culture. In this paper, we deal with theological reflection of suicide and euthanasia and their presentation as free decisions of individuals shown...Movies have great power to shape the system of values in contemporary culture. In this paper, we deal with theological reflection of suicide and euthanasia and their presentation as free decisions of individuals shown in the movies Seven Pounds and The Sea Inside. Also, we shall present theological reflection on culture of life and culture of death aimed to find common ground for dialogue between two opposed points of view. In the first, introductory part, we will present two views of human freedom, and we will point out that just a theological speech about freedom includes the category of responsibility. On the other hand, what happens often is neglecting categories of resposibility and absolutisation or marginalization of free will. Then we will, as an introduction to the interpretation of films, present global statistics that justify global concerns when it comes to suicide and euthanasia. Next, we will show in central part the concept of quality of life, and we will interpret it through the two mentioned films. In the last section, We conclude, despite opposition between culture of life and death, to offer category of altruism as a starting point for dialogue between the two cultures.展开更多
This paper examines the utility of high-resolution airborne RGB orthophotos and LiDAR data for mapping residential land uses within the spatial limits of suburb of Athens, Greece. Modem remote sensors deliver ample in...This paper examines the utility of high-resolution airborne RGB orthophotos and LiDAR data for mapping residential land uses within the spatial limits of suburb of Athens, Greece. Modem remote sensors deliver ample information from the AOI (area of interest) for the estimation of 2D indicators or with the inclusion of elevation data 3D indicators for the classification of urban land. In this research, two of these indicators, BCR (building coverage ratio) and FAR (floor area ratio) are automatically evaluated. In the pre-processing step, the low resolution elevation data are fused with the high resolution optical data through a mean-shift based discontinuity preserving smoothing algorithm. The outcome is an nDSM (normalized digital surface model) comprised of upsampled elevation data with considerable improvement regarding region filling and "straightness" of elevation discontinuities. Following this step, a MFNN (multilayer feedforward neural network) is used to classify all pixels of the AOI into building or non-building categories. The information derived from the BCR and FAR building indicators, adapted to landscape characteristics of the test area is used to propose two new indices and an automatic post-classification based on the density of buildings.展开更多
文摘Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflammatory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.
基金The National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB725400)
文摘In order to determine the regulations of the development of taxi supply under entry regulations in Chinese cities, an improved neural network model is applied to find the particular years when the government artificially puts new taxis into the market, and then extract the political influence from the taxi supply. The model is also utilized to study the relationships between the adjusted taxi supply and non-policy factors. A case study of Nanjing city is conducted. The results show that 2001 and 2007 are the particular years that the Nanjing government artificially put new taxis into its taxi market, which is in accordance with the five-year plan of China and the local development plans. The results also show that the improved neural network model has a good performance in expositing the evolution of adjusted taxi supply related to non-policy factors.
文摘Current hypothesis of neuronal degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been proposed, including formation of free radicals and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, trophic factor deficiency, inflam- matory processes, genetic factors, environmental impact factors, toxic action of nitric oxide, apoptosis, and so on. This review mainly discussed oxidative stress, environmental impact factors, and inflammatory processes in PD.
文摘A primary benign schwannoma of the liver is extremely rare and is difficult to preoperatively discriminate from a malignant tumor.We compared the imaging and pathological findings,and examined the possibility of preoperatively diagnosing a benign liver schwannoma.A 72-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of a 4.6-cm mass in the liver.A malignant tumor was suspected,and a right hepatectomy was performed.After this,the diagnosis of a primary benign schwannoma of the liver was made through pathological examination.Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) with Sonazoid showed minute blood flows into the septum and solid areas of the tumor in the vascular phase;most likely due to increased arterial flow associated with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells.In the postvascular phase,CEUS showed contrast defect of cystic areas and delayed enhancement of solid areas;most likely due to aggregation of siderophores.Because discriminating between a benign and malignant schwannoma of the liver is difficult,surgery is generally recommended.However,the two key findings from CEUS may be useful in discriminating ancient schwannoma by recognizing the hemorrhage involved in the secondary degeneration and aggregation of siderophores.
文摘Although spinal tumors are uncommon, they may reduce survival or cause serious functional disorders in the extremities. Metastatic spinal tumors from malignant tumors can induce symptoms of spinal cord compression, such as paraplegia, quadriplegia, and vesicorectal disturbance, which are aggravated with progression of the diseases and time. We report a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was suspected of having spinal lesions based on neurological findings, and a metastatic spinal tumor was found by imaging examination. Assuming that metastasis had occurred at the time lumbar pain developed, the patient reached the level of gait disturbance within only 4 mo, showing a rapid advancement of symptoms. If early diagnosis had been possible, treatment could be performed before acute myelopathy progressed to complete paralysis. We speculate that the terminal stage of HCC is not only liver failure associated with intrahepatic lesions but also metastasis to other regions, treatment for individual pathologies therefore, will be needed, which constitutes an important issue.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (070413138)the Key Research Foundation of Anhui Province Education Department (KJ2009A167)
文摘Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.
文摘Three cases of transient proximal small bowel angioedema induced by intravenous administration of nonionic iodinated contrast media (CM) are presented.Computed tomography (CT) images in the venous phase displayed the proximal small bowel with circumferential thickening of the wall including the duodenum and proximal segment of the jejunum.The bowel wall was normal in non-enhanced images,and normal or inconspicuous in arterial phase enhanced images.In one of the three cases,the bowel wall was thickened in venous phase but disappeared in the 40 s delayed phase images.No filling defect was seen in the lumen of the superior mesenteric artery and vein.No peritoneal effusion or mesentery abnormality was found.Each of these patients reported only mild abdominal discomfort and recovered without specific treatment within a short time.Only one patient suffered mild diarrhea after scanning which had resolved by the following day.The transient anaphylactic small bowel angioedema due to intravenous iodinated contrast media was easily diagnosed based on its characteristic CT findings and clinical symptoms.Differential diagnosis may include inflammatory and ischemic bowel disease,as well as neoplasms.A three-phase CT protocol and good under-standing of this disorder are fundamentally important in the diagnosis of this condition.The supposed etiology behind the transient anaphylactic reaction to intravenous administration of iodinated CM in small bowel is similar to other CM-induced hypersensitive immediate reactions.The predilection location of transient anaphylactic bowel angioedema is the small intestine,particularly the proximal segment.A speculated cause may be the richer supply of vessels in the small intestine,ample mucous folds and loose connective tissue in the duodenum and the jejunum.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39770835)
文摘Objective: To explore the affecting factors of liver cancer recurrence after hepatectomy. Methods:The BP artificial neural network - Cox regression was introduced to analyze the factors of recurrence in1 457 patients. Results: The affecting factors statistically significant to liver cancer prognosis was selected.There were 18 factors to be selected by uni-factor analysis, and 9 factors to be selected by multi-factor analysis. Conclusion: The 9 factors selected can be used as important indexes to evaluate the recurrence of liver cancer after hepatectomy. The artificial neural network is a better method to analyze the clinical data, which provides scientific and objective data for evaluating prognosis of liver cancer.
文摘Ancient Egyptians change the orientation of their temples from True East (during the old kingdom) to the Winter Solstice (during the new kingdom), because of the cultic change from a rather pure solar to a mixed solar religion (R^a to Amfin-R^a). The traditional methods for measuring the orientations and alignment, the axis of ancient Egyptian constructions like field survey are usually time consuming and costly. Remote sensing techniques are becoming powerful tools for archaeologists in their discovery and exploration ancient sites. Many researchers have considered very high resolution sensors, especially IKONOS with 1.0 m resolution, QuickBird with 0.61 m resolution and Geoeye-1 with 0.50 m resolutions as possible substitutes of the classical aerial photos used for multi purposes such as cartographic at large scales. Research objectives is to establish a practical methodology for calculation the orientation of the main axis of the ancient Egyptian temple based on very high resolution QuickBird images as alternative for traditional methods. Five sites have been selected to perform our research lies in Luxor city, Egypt: Luxor, Karnak, Hatshepsut, Ramesseum temples and Madinat Habu. Analysis of the obtained results has been done to explain the type of orientation of Luxor temples. Previous archaeologist's studies classified the orientation of ancient Egyptians constructions into astronomical orientation (solar, moon and stars) or topographical orientation (Nile direction and hills) or both. A comparative study has been done between the results obtained from traditional methods (field survey and Google Earth images) and from very high resolution QuickBird satellite images. From the obtained results, error in the main axis azimuth of Luxor, Karnak, Madinat Habu, Hatshepsut and Ramesseum temples range about minutes of are. One can concluded that using VHR (Very High Resolution) QuickBird satellite images in calculation the azimuth of ancient sites is the accurate method.
文摘It was the first time demonstrated by us that the number of newborn neurons was increajsed after making lesion in forebraill of adult ring dove (Streptopelia risoria)by means of autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.Neurogenesis in the adult avian is restricted to the telencephalon. In doves with bilateral electrolytic lesion of nucleus ectostriatum (E), the mean number of proliferating cells in the lateral ventricular zone (LVZ) and newborn neurons in the forebrain increased by 1.95 times and 2.38times respectively as compared with that in intact doves. The most relllarkable increase of neurogenesis induced by nucleus ectostriatum lesions was found at the anteriorposterior level 3 (L3), where the lesion site was located.These results showed that the electrolytic brain lesion altered the distribution pattern of proliferating cells in theLVZ and resulted in increase of the number of newborn neurons in the non-VZ areas of forebrain. The changes in number and distribution pattern of proliferating cells in LVZ and newborn neurons in forebrain may be dependent on site of lesion. Studies on the relationship between proliferating cells in LVZ and newly generated neurons in non-VZ areas may help to understand the mechanism of brain plasticity and development.
文摘Movies have great power to shape the system of values in contemporary culture. In this paper, we deal with theological reflection of suicide and euthanasia and their presentation as free decisions of individuals shown in the movies Seven Pounds and The Sea Inside. Also, we shall present theological reflection on culture of life and culture of death aimed to find common ground for dialogue between two opposed points of view. In the first, introductory part, we will present two views of human freedom, and we will point out that just a theological speech about freedom includes the category of responsibility. On the other hand, what happens often is neglecting categories of resposibility and absolutisation or marginalization of free will. Then we will, as an introduction to the interpretation of films, present global statistics that justify global concerns when it comes to suicide and euthanasia. Next, we will show in central part the concept of quality of life, and we will interpret it through the two mentioned films. In the last section, We conclude, despite opposition between culture of life and death, to offer category of altruism as a starting point for dialogue between the two cultures.
文摘This paper examines the utility of high-resolution airborne RGB orthophotos and LiDAR data for mapping residential land uses within the spatial limits of suburb of Athens, Greece. Modem remote sensors deliver ample information from the AOI (area of interest) for the estimation of 2D indicators or with the inclusion of elevation data 3D indicators for the classification of urban land. In this research, two of these indicators, BCR (building coverage ratio) and FAR (floor area ratio) are automatically evaluated. In the pre-processing step, the low resolution elevation data are fused with the high resolution optical data through a mean-shift based discontinuity preserving smoothing algorithm. The outcome is an nDSM (normalized digital surface model) comprised of upsampled elevation data with considerable improvement regarding region filling and "straightness" of elevation discontinuities. Following this step, a MFNN (multilayer feedforward neural network) is used to classify all pixels of the AOI into building or non-building categories. The information derived from the BCR and FAR building indicators, adapted to landscape characteristics of the test area is used to propose two new indices and an automatic post-classification based on the density of buildings.