The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneuria...The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneurial universities, and the spiritual culture, system culture, material culture and behavior culture elements of academic entrepreneurial characteristics depend on each other, influence each other and have a good cycle of cultural form, which is the internal driving mechanism of MIT and Stanford University towards entrepreneurial university development. In this cultural structure, the contradictory unity of academic and entrepreneurship, tile interaction between science and hummaity, the mutual promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship have the enlightenment significance for the construction of entrepreneurial university.展开更多
The aim of this research was to assess the antinociceptive activity of the transient receptor potential （TRP） channel TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1 antagonists in neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain models in mice. Fo...The aim of this research was to assess the antinociceptive activity of the transient receptor potential （TRP） channel TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1 antagonists in neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain models in mice. For this purpose, TRP channel antagonists were administered into the dorsal surface of a hind paw 15 min before capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate （AITC）, or formalin. Their antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic efficacies after intraperitoneal ad- ministration were also assessed in a paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model. Motor coordination of paclitaxel- treated mice that received these TRP channel antagonists was investigated using the rotarod test. TRPV1 antagonists, capsazepine and SB-366791, attenuated capsaicin-induced nociceptive reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. At 8 pg/20 pl, this effect was 51% （P〈0.001） for capsazepine and 37% （P〈0.05） for SB-366791. A TRPA1 antagonist, A-967079, reduced pain reaction by 48% （P〈0.05） in the AITC test and by 54% （P〈0.001） in the early phase of the formalin test. The test compounds had no influence on the late phase of the formalin test. In paclitaxel-treated mice, they did not attenuate heat hyperalgesia but N-（3-aminopropyl）-2-{[（3-methylphenyl）methyl]oxy}-N-（2-thienylmethyl） benzamide hydrochloride salt （AMTB）, a TRPM8 antagonist, reduced cold hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia by 31% （P〈0.05） and 51% （P〈0.01）, respectively. HC-030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, attenuated tactile allodynia in the von Frey test （62%; P〈0.001）. In conclusion, distinct members of TRP channel family are involved in different pain models in mice. Antagonists of TRP channels attenuate nocifensive responses of neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain, but their efficacies strongly depend on the pain model used.展开更多
文摘The cultural form of entrepreneurial university has the academic entrepreneurial characteristics, which agrees with the background of economic era. MIT and Stanford University are the models of American entrepreneurial universities, and the spiritual culture, system culture, material culture and behavior culture elements of academic entrepreneurial characteristics depend on each other, influence each other and have a good cycle of cultural form, which is the internal driving mechanism of MIT and Stanford University towards entrepreneurial university development. In this cultural structure, the contradictory unity of academic and entrepreneurship, tile interaction between science and hummaity, the mutual promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship have the enlightenment significance for the construction of entrepreneurial university.
基金supported by the National Science Centre Grant(No.DEC-2012/05/B/NZ7/02705),Poland
文摘The aim of this research was to assess the antinociceptive activity of the transient receptor potential （TRP） channel TRPV1, TRPM8, and TRPA1 antagonists in neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain models in mice. For this purpose, TRP channel antagonists were administered into the dorsal surface of a hind paw 15 min before capsaicin, allyl isothiocyanate （AITC）, or formalin. Their antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic efficacies after intraperitoneal ad- ministration were also assessed in a paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain model. Motor coordination of paclitaxel- treated mice that received these TRP channel antagonists was investigated using the rotarod test. TRPV1 antagonists, capsazepine and SB-366791, attenuated capsaicin-induced nociceptive reaction in a concentration-dependent manner. At 8 pg/20 pl, this effect was 51% （P〈0.001） for capsazepine and 37% （P〈0.05） for SB-366791. A TRPA1 antagonist, A-967079, reduced pain reaction by 48% （P〈0.05） in the AITC test and by 54% （P〈0.001） in the early phase of the formalin test. The test compounds had no influence on the late phase of the formalin test. In paclitaxel-treated mice, they did not attenuate heat hyperalgesia but N-（3-aminopropyl）-2-{[（3-methylphenyl）methyl]oxy}-N-（2-thienylmethyl） benzamide hydrochloride salt （AMTB）, a TRPM8 antagonist, reduced cold hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia by 31% （P〈0.05） and 51% （P〈0.01）, respectively. HC-030031, a TRPA1 channel antagonist, attenuated tactile allodynia in the von Frey test （62%; P〈0.001）. In conclusion, distinct members of TRP channel family are involved in different pain models in mice. Antagonists of TRP channels attenuate nocifensive responses of neurogenic, tonic, and neuropathic pain, but their efficacies strongly depend on the pain model used.
