通过神经—内分泌—免疫—代谢网络互作维持的自愈体系理解中医药学原理

中医药现代化是新时代生命科学的分支内容,也是全球前沿科学的重要方向之一。中医观点中“正气存内,邪不可干”,是指人体正气足,外邪就无法入侵导致疾病。中医的“正气”指的是机体免疫力,是机体自愈力的来源。现代前沿科学认为,机体通过神经—内分泌—免疫—代谢网络的调控维持机体稳态平衡和健康;与之相统一的传统中医药理论藏象学说则认为,人体各脏腑相互联系,五脏化生,共同调动正气,正气盛则人体自愈力强。通过揭示机体稳态的网络调控机制有助于我们更好地理解中医药的整体观与精准干预,以及通过多靶点﹑多脏器的干预来发挥药物对疾病的治疗作用。运用前沿神经科学的思路及技术解读中医药学原理,以整体观与系统论为启发,以中医药临床与系统生物学等学科兼容并蓄,建立新的基础与临床研究框架,将推动还原论主导的现代医学体系与系统论启发的传统中医有效融合,推动藏象学说和自愈体系的调控理论在医学中运用。

神经免疫内分泌网络学说在中医研究中的应用

目前,神经—免疫—内分泌网络(NEI网络)的研究已成为国内外学者研究的热点.国内中西医结合学者发现NEI网络是中西医理论体系相互整合的重要手段和方法.本文简要介绍了"神经—免疫—内分泌网络"学说,并以中医脏腑、中药归经理论的实验研究、经络与针刺为例综述了神经免疫内分泌网络学说在中医研究中的应用.

论免疫紊乱是疾病发生发展的主导因素

从复杂系统的视角看,疾病的本质是机体的神经—内分泌—免疫网络自组织紊乱的过程。但神经、内分泌、免疫三者的作用及地位在疾病过程中并不是等同的,相对于神经、内分泌,免疫紊乱更居于主导地位。这个观点要求我们必须把研究的重点放在免疫的调控上,探讨免疫的发生、发展、紊乱的规律以及影响因素,这是解开现代医学目前所面临的诸多困惑的关键。

卫气营血与加速康复外科理论刍议

卫气营血是中医理论关于人体生理及病理变化的核心及基础,四者体用相关,紧密联系。围术期的应激反应严重影响患者生理、心理状态,导致术后恢复缓慢。加速康复外科统筹围术期管理措施,从术前准备阶段进行宣教、术前预康复、术中体温保护、呼吸系统管理、情志调理、个性化营养支持以及血液管理等方式调控卫气营血,实现护卫、行气、益营、治血之功,发挥抗炎、增强免疫、补充营养等作用,改善患者预后。营卫规律循行是加速伤口愈合的保障。手术金刃损伤正气,术后初期营血虚耗,营络虚弱,五脏失荣,卫气戕伐于内,升降失司,营弱卫强,以补益营阴为要;术后中后期阴损及阳,卫气不固,营卫俱虚,出现阴阳虚损见证,以建中补虚为纲,使气血生化有源,营卫和谐,阴阳乃治。

心脑相关理论的现代研究进展

心脑相关理论是中国古代医家对心和脑相互关系的概括,是中医藏象学说的主要内容。本文基于中医传统心脑相关理论的内容,主要从心脑关系的临床研究以及机制研究两方面,全面阐述中国古代心脑相关经典理论的现代研究成果,以期对今后心脑血管疾病的诊断及治疗起到重要理论指导作用。

反观中医临床提出“皮肤是人的第三大脑”

"皮肤是人的第三大脑",中医许多外治法是通过刺激皮肤实现的。皮肤不仅有屏障、吸收、分泌、排泄的功能作用,还能像大脑一样参与到神经调节、内分泌调节和免疫调节,起到类似大脑的作用。皮肤与大脑密切联系,大脑既可受影响于皮肤的状态,皮肤又可反作用于大脑,二者互为因果,相互影响。笔者试图从中医临床角度及生命科学角度论述"皮肤是人的第三大脑",从皮肤及神经系统的胚胎发育、神经—内分泌—免疫调节网络、中医外治法对机体的调节作用三方面,浅析皮肤与脑之间联系,希望能为指导中医临床提供思路。

浅析“心主神明”的科学内涵

从4个方面阐述了“心主神明”的科学内涵:科学研究成果为证实心脏通过某种机制参与了思维活动提供了宝贵的线索;心所主的神明,并不仅仅指意识,而有其更深刻的内涵;中医学的心是以心为基础的综合功能单元;心主神明的实质是心脏以调控全身血液循环功能为基础,以心神为中介,通过神经—内分泌—免疫网络,进行信息处理整和。

BIO-INSPIRED SELF-ADAPTIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM CONTROL ARCHITECTURE

Future manufacturing systems need to cope with frequent changes and disturbances, therefore their control architectures require constant adaptability, agility, stability, self-organization, intelligence, and robustness. Bio-inspired manufacturing system can well satisfy these requirements. For this purpose, by referencing the biological organization structure and the mechanism, a bio-inspired manufacturing cell is presented from a novel view, and then a bio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing model is established based on the ultra-short feedback mechanism of the neuro-endocrine system. A hio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing system coordinated model is also established based on the neuro-endocrine-immunity system （NEIS）. Finally, an example based on pheromone communication mechanism indicates that the robustness of the whole manufacturing system is improved by bio-inspired technologies.

Clinico-pathologic significance of neuroendocrine cells in gastric carcer tissue

AIMS To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological signifi- cance of neuroendocrine(NE)cells in gastric carcinoma(GC). METHODS One hundred and eighty-nine cases of various histo- logical types of GC were observed using light microscopy, histochemistry,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Of them 127 patients were followed up. RESULTS Chromogranin A(CgA)positive GC was demonstrat- ed in 85 cases(45.0%).The typos of NE cells in GC were probed using 9 kinds of hormone antibodies 49 cases(67.2%) contained more than one hormone.NE cells were found more often in poorly differentiated GC than in well differentiated ones(P<0. 01).Expression of some kinds of hormone Was relative to the dif- ferentiation and histological types of GC.BOM,CT(P<0.01) GAST and 5-HT(P<0.05)were more expressed in poorly differ- entiated cases than in well defferentiated ones.Nineteen cases of the matastatic foci in regional lymph nodes were found to have CgA positive cancer cells.The presence of HCG in matastatic lymph nodes was more often observed than that of other hormone (P<0.01).The survival rate of patients with NE positive GC was 38.9% and negative GC 52.7%.Five of 7 patients(71. 4%)with somatostatin positive GC still survived at follow up of 33-66 months,but 4 patients with HCG positive GC died in 12-29 months. CONCLUSIONS The NE cells occur more frequently in poorly differentiated GC.Certain hormones appear to be related to the metastasis and prognosis.

短板效应话养生

一只木桶是由若干块木板构成的,其盛水量多少是由这些木板的长度决定的。倘若木板长短不一,其中有一块木板较短,其余木板再长也无济于事,水会从那块最短的木板所造成的缺口中淌流出来。这种现象叫作“短板限制”,也称为“短板效应”。假如能将那块短板加长,则这只木桶的盛水量也随之增多。

八十话强身

我今年八十岁了,但背不驼、眼不花、牙齿坚、腿脚健,自我感觉很好,别人都说我是愈活愈年轻了,我心中也喜滋滋的。我之所以能有今天,来之不易。这都是我强身健体,注重心理调适,所铸就的一身硬朗身骨。 我是安阳市教育战线上的一名离休干部。过去由于一心扑在工作上,不注意身体锻炼,健康状况本来就不好,加上老伴又不幸去世,使我情绪悲观、忧心忡忡,这就为疾病的侵袭敞开了大门。1980年冬天的一个早晨,我因公外出途中,突感胸闷难忍。

Angiogenic markers endoglin and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

AIM:To investigate the expression and potential prognostic role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and endoglin in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NETs) . METHODS:Microvessel density(MVD) in GEP-NETs was evaluated using endoglin and CD31 immunohistochemistry.In addition,tissue levels of endoglin and VEGF were determined in homogenates by ELISA. RESULTS:Endoglin was highly expressed on tumor endothelial cells.CD31 MVD in GEP-NETs was significantly higher compared to endoglin MVD(P<0.01) .Two-tofour-fold higher tissue levels of endoglin and VEGF were seen in tumors compared to associated normal tissue. This increased endoglin tissue expression in tumors was significantly related to tumor size(P<0.01) ,presence of metastases(P=0.04) ,and a more advanced tumor stage(P=0.02) ,whereas expression of VEGF was not. CONCLUSION:We suggest that endoglin is a potential marker to indicate and predict metastases,which might be useful in the post-resection therapeutic approach of patients with GEP-NETs.

COMMENTS ON THE HOLISTIC ACTION OF ACUPUNCTURE IN VIEW OF ITS INFLUENCE ON NERVE-ENDOCRINE-IMMUNE NETWORK

In the present paper, the author makes some comments on the holistic action of acupuncture from the regulative effect on the nerve-endocrine-immune network, and the close relationship between the nerve-endocrine-immune network and the meridian-collateral system of TCM. The wholism concept of TCM refers to the organism being an integrated entirety, and the regulatory effect of acupuncture on functional activities of the organism relies on the integral connection of the acupoint-meridian-collateral-zangfu-organ system. When stimulated with acupuncture, the human body will brings its potential force into full play in preventing and treating diseases.

Neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing somatostatin: A highly malignant, rare tumor

Poorly differentiated gastric neuroendocrine carcinomas, although rare, deserve particular attention, as they are aggressive and have an extremely poor prognosis. In this report we describe a gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma with rapidly fatal outcome. Immunohistological staining of the resected specimens revealed that the tumor was an endocrine carcinoma. The tumor disclosed intense immunoreactivity to pan-neuroendocrine markers and diffuse somatostatin immunoreactivity. There were no psammoma bodies and no demonstrable association with yon Recklinghausen＇s neurofibromatosis. In the gastrointestinal tract, neuroendocrine tumors producing predominantly somatostatin have been described only in the duodenum. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the second case report of a neuroendocrine gastric carcinoma expressing diffusely somatostatin as the only neuroendocrine regulatory peptide.

Clinicopathologic Observation of 6 Cases with Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE To discuss the pathologic characteristics and theprognosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the bladder(NECB)in order to assist in making a precise diagnosis and to effectivelytreat the disease.METHODS Clinicopathologic features of the 6 cases with NECBwere analyzed retrospectively.The personal data of the patientsand the pathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics ofthe tumor were investigated.The follow-up of these patients wasconducted over a time period ranging from 3 months to 9 years.RESULTS Transurethral resection of the bladder tumorwas performed in all 6 patients.Based on the results of thepathologic examination,4 of the cases were diagnosed as smallcell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the other 2 were diagnosedas atypical carcinoid tumor.On immunohistochemical stainingall tumors expressed neuroendocrine markers includingneuronspecific enolase(CD56),synaptophysin(Syn)andchromogranin(CgA).In patients receiving partial cystectomyfollowed by postoperative chemotherapy,relapse was found in 4of the 6 cases on follow up.CONCLUSION NECB is a rare entity and a tumor with highmalignant potential and characteristic pathologic features.Hematuria is the cardinal symptom of NECB.Metastasis mayoccur at an early stage and the prognosis of the disease is poor.Final diagnosis of NECB depends on histopathologic examinationand immunohistochemical assays.Surgical excision combinedwith radiotherapy and chemotherapy is considered an effectivetreatment.

Mechanical Stress Induces Neuroendocrine and Immune Responses of Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus)

Grading procedure in routine sea cucumber hatchery production is thought to affect juvenile sea cucumber immunologi- cal response. The present study investigated the impact of a 3-min mechanical perturbation mimicking the grading procedure on neuroendocrine and immune parameters of the sea cucumber Apostichopusjaponicus. During the application of stress, concentrations of noradrenaline and dopamine in coelomic fluid increased significantly, indicating that the mechanical perturbation resulted in a transient state of stress in sea cucumbers. Coelomocytes concentration in coelomic fluid increased transiently after the beginning of stressing, and reached the maximum in 1 h. Whereas, coelomocytes phagocytosis at 3 min, superoxide anion production from 3 min to 0.5 h, acid phosphatase activity at 0.5 h, and phenoloxidase activity from 3 min to 0.5 h were all significantly down-regulated. All of the immune parameters recovered to baseline levels after the experiment was conducted for 8 h, and an immunostimulation occurred after the stress considering the phagocytosis and acid phosphatase activity. The results suggested that, as in other marine invertebrates, neuroendocrine/immnne connections exist in sea cucumber A. japonicus. Mechanical stress can elicit a profound influence on sea cucumber neuroendocrine system. Neuroendocrine messengers act in turn to modulate the immunity fimctions. Therefore, these ef- fects should be considered for developing better husbandry procedures.

Research progress on regulations on nerve-endocrine-immune network by acupuncture

In order to explore the mechanism for the functions of acupuncture on nerve-endocrine-immune（NEI） network,authors carried out systematical analysis on the research progress of regulations on nerve-endocrine-immune network by acupuncture,and investigated current problems and future development tendency.It was found that NEI network was the biological basis for human body to maintain homeostasis and it utilized common medium for transmitting information,and the regulations by acupuncture may activate NEI network or its common medium.Science of acupuncture and moxibustion is the systematical science focusing on integrative regulations,and continuous development of system biology and omics techniques have enabled systematical assurance and comprehensive understanding of network regulatory effects and mechanisms by acupuncture to become new development tendencies.