目的分析并探讨丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂对老年缺血性脑血管病患者血小板聚集水平(PAL)及神经功能学评分(NDS)的影响。方法选取2014年3月至2015年3月在长江大学附属第一医院接受治疗的老年缺血性脑血管病患者50例,采用随机数字表分为观察...目的分析并探讨丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂对老年缺血性脑血管病患者血小板聚集水平(PAL)及神经功能学评分(NDS)的影响。方法选取2014年3月至2015年3月在长江大学附属第一医院接受治疗的老年缺血性脑血管病患者50例,采用随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,各25例。两组患者均给予常规的支持治疗,包括血糖和血压的控制,常规口服阿司匹林肠溶片,100 mg/次,1次/d。在此基础上,观察组给予丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂治疗,对照组仅给予丁苯酞治疗,丁苯酞口服,0.2 g/次,3次/d。神经节苷脂100 mg加入到250 m L 0.9%Na Cl溶液中,静脉注射,1次/d。连续治疗10 d。观察两组患者治疗后临床效果及血小板聚集水平(PAL)和NDS评分。结果观察组有效率显著高于对照组[84.0%(21/25)比56.0%(14/25)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组总胆固醇、三酰甘油以及低密度脂蛋白水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义[(5.0±1.0)mmol/L比(5.5±1.1)mmol/L,(1.5±0.3)mmol/L比(1.7±0.4)mmol/L,(2.9±0.5)mmol/L比(3.1±0.6)mmol/L,P>0.05]。观察组PAL、NDS评分显著低于对照组[(52.7±3.2)%比(59.4±3.0)%,(5.2±2.1)分比(7.5±2.5)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂对老年缺血性脑血管病患者临床效果显著,可有效地改善PAL和NDS评分,临床上值得推广。展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux(GOR) in a group of these children using combined intraluminal pH and multiple intraluminal impedance(pH/M...AIM:To investigate the effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux(GOR) in a group of these children using combined intraluminal pH and multiple intraluminal impedance(pH/MII) . METHODS:Ten neurologically impaired children underwent 12 h combined pH/MII procedures at least 1 d before and at least 12 d after PEG placement. METHODS:Prior to PEG placement(pre-PEG) a total of 183 GOR episodes were detected,156(85.2%) were non-acidic.After PEG placement(post-PEG) a total of 355 episodes were detected,182(51.3%) were nonacidic.The total number of distal acid reflux events statistically significantly increased post-PEG placement(prePEG total 27,post-PEG total 173,P=0.028) and themean distal pH decreased by 1.1 units.The distal reflux index therefore also significantly increased post-PEG [pre-PEG 0.25(0-2) ,post-PEG 2.95(0-40) ].Average proximal pH was lower post-PEG but the within subject difference was not statistically significant(P=0.058) . Median number of non-acid GOR,average reflux height,total acid clearance time and total bolus clearance time were all lower pre-PEG,but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:PEG placement increases GOR episodes in neurologically impaired children.展开更多
In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate co...In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.展开更多
About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severit...About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severity of liver disease.Since the first observation of HCV-related cognitive deficits,10 studies have been published that have evaluated neuropsychiatric performance in patients with HCV infection and different degrees of hepatic impairment.Unfortunately,these have often included patients with cirrhosis,patients who had acquired the infection through previous intravenous drug misuse,who had a history of relatively recent treatment with interferon,or were on psychoactive medication.In addition,different neuropsychological batteries and tests that explored different cognitive domains were used,which makes the results of the studies difficult to compare.Finally,limited information is available on the pathogenesis of HCV-related cognitive impairment.Cerebral and/or systemic inflammation may be important players but their potential role has not been substantiated by experimental data.The present review outlines the available evidence of the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with HCV infection,with a focus on the potential relationship with cerebral and/or systemic inflammation.展开更多
Objective: The whole mount preparations of digestive tract is an effective experimental way to study the appearance and distribution of nerve plexus in digestive tract. Although myentric nerve plexus preparations tech...Objective: The whole mount preparations of digestive tract is an effective experimental way to study the appearance and distribution of nerve plexus in digestive tract. Although myentric nerve plexus preparations technique was reported very early. But we have done experiment over and over during our research work in order to improve this traditional method and to meet the needs of our research work, we made some progresses in regular mount preparations after many experiments, which helped offer better situation in observing myentric nerve plexus. Methods: Five healthy male adult Kunming mice (20-30 g in weight) were used in this study. After intraperitoneal injection of muscle relaxant, with dislocation of cervical vertebra method, the abdominal cavity was exposed through abdominal median incision. After several steps of mount preparations the mucous layer and longitudinal muscle layer mount preparations with myentric nerve plexus were stripped under anatomical microscope. Immunohistochemical staining was also used in our study. Results: The mount preparation samples with myentric nerve plexus from intestines of mice showed positive SP immunoreaction. The positive cells were dark brown. Many of the cytons appeared circular and oval, while some appeared triangular or irregular. Conclusion: Our improved method is really a good method to show enteric nerve plexus. The method has many advantages and is particularly applied to small animals such as Kunming mice and BALB/c mice, weighing from 20 g to 30 g.展开更多
文摘目的分析并探讨丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂对老年缺血性脑血管病患者血小板聚集水平(PAL)及神经功能学评分(NDS)的影响。方法选取2014年3月至2015年3月在长江大学附属第一医院接受治疗的老年缺血性脑血管病患者50例,采用随机数字表分为观察组和对照组,各25例。两组患者均给予常规的支持治疗,包括血糖和血压的控制,常规口服阿司匹林肠溶片,100 mg/次,1次/d。在此基础上,观察组给予丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂治疗,对照组仅给予丁苯酞治疗,丁苯酞口服,0.2 g/次,3次/d。神经节苷脂100 mg加入到250 m L 0.9%Na Cl溶液中,静脉注射,1次/d。连续治疗10 d。观察两组患者治疗后临床效果及血小板聚集水平(PAL)和NDS评分。结果观察组有效率显著高于对照组[84.0%(21/25)比56.0%(14/25)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组总胆固醇、三酰甘油以及低密度脂蛋白水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义[(5.0±1.0)mmol/L比(5.5±1.1)mmol/L,(1.5±0.3)mmol/L比(1.7±0.4)mmol/L,(2.9±0.5)mmol/L比(3.1±0.6)mmol/L,P>0.05]。观察组PAL、NDS评分显著低于对照组[(52.7±3.2)%比(59.4±3.0)%,(5.2±2.1)分比(7.5±2.5)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞联合神经节苷脂对老年缺血性脑血管病患者临床效果显著,可有效地改善PAL和NDS评分,临床上值得推广。
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux(GOR) in a group of these children using combined intraluminal pH and multiple intraluminal impedance(pH/MII) . METHODS:Ten neurologically impaired children underwent 12 h combined pH/MII procedures at least 1 d before and at least 12 d after PEG placement. METHODS:Prior to PEG placement(pre-PEG) a total of 183 GOR episodes were detected,156(85.2%) were non-acidic.After PEG placement(post-PEG) a total of 355 episodes were detected,182(51.3%) were nonacidic.The total number of distal acid reflux events statistically significantly increased post-PEG placement(prePEG total 27,post-PEG total 173,P=0.028) and themean distal pH decreased by 1.1 units.The distal reflux index therefore also significantly increased post-PEG [pre-PEG 0.25(0-2) ,post-PEG 2.95(0-40) ].Average proximal pH was lower post-PEG but the within subject difference was not statistically significant(P=0.058) . Median number of non-acid GOR,average reflux height,total acid clearance time and total bolus clearance time were all lower pre-PEG,but not statistically significant. CONCLUSION:PEG placement increases GOR episodes in neurologically impaired children.
基金supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) (EB006433, EY023101, EB008389,and HL117664)the US National Science Foundation (NSF) (CBET1450956, CBET-1264782, and DGE-1069104),to Bin He
文摘In this paper, we review the current state- of-the-art techniques used for understanding the inner workings of the brain at a systems level. The neural activity that governs our everyday lives involves an intricate coordination of many processes that can be attributed to a variety of brain regions. On the surface, many of these functions can appear to be controlled by specific anatomical structures; however, in reality, numerous dynamic networks within the brain contribute to its function through an interconnected web of neuronal and synaptic pathways. The brain, in its healthy or pathological state, can therefore be best understood by taking a systems-level approach. While numerous neuroengineering technologies exist, we focus here on three major thrusts in the field of systems neuroengineering： neuroimaging, neural interfacing, and neuromodulation. Neuroimaging enables us to delineate the structural and functional organization of the brain, which is key in understanding how the neural system functions in both normal and disease states. Based on such knowledge, devices can be used either to communicate with the neural system, as in neural interface systems, or to modulate brain activity, as in neuromodulation systems. The consideration of these three fields is key to the development and application of neuro-devices. Feedback-based neuro-devices require the ability to sense neural activity （via a neuroimaging modality） through a neural interface （invasive or noninvasive） and ultimately to select a set of stimulation parameters in order to alter neural function via a neuromodulation modality. Systems neuroengineering refers to the use of engineering tools and technologies to image, decode, and modulate the brain in order to comprehend its functions and to repair its dysfunction. Interactions between these fields will help to shape the future of systems neuroengineering--to develop neurotechniques for enhancing the understanding of whole- brain function and dysfunction, and the management of neurological and mental disorders.
文摘About 50% of patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection complain of neuropsychiatric symptoms,"brain fog",weakness,fatigue,and exhibit some degree of quality of life impairment,irrespective of the severity of liver disease.Since the first observation of HCV-related cognitive deficits,10 studies have been published that have evaluated neuropsychiatric performance in patients with HCV infection and different degrees of hepatic impairment.Unfortunately,these have often included patients with cirrhosis,patients who had acquired the infection through previous intravenous drug misuse,who had a history of relatively recent treatment with interferon,or were on psychoactive medication.In addition,different neuropsychological batteries and tests that explored different cognitive domains were used,which makes the results of the studies difficult to compare.Finally,limited information is available on the pathogenesis of HCV-related cognitive impairment.Cerebral and/or systemic inflammation may be important players but their potential role has not been substantiated by experimental data.The present review outlines the available evidence of the presence of cognitive impairment in patients with HCV infection,with a focus on the potential relationship with cerebral and/or systemic inflammation.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39870109)
文摘Objective: The whole mount preparations of digestive tract is an effective experimental way to study the appearance and distribution of nerve plexus in digestive tract. Although myentric nerve plexus preparations technique was reported very early. But we have done experiment over and over during our research work in order to improve this traditional method and to meet the needs of our research work, we made some progresses in regular mount preparations after many experiments, which helped offer better situation in observing myentric nerve plexus. Methods: Five healthy male adult Kunming mice (20-30 g in weight) were used in this study. After intraperitoneal injection of muscle relaxant, with dislocation of cervical vertebra method, the abdominal cavity was exposed through abdominal median incision. After several steps of mount preparations the mucous layer and longitudinal muscle layer mount preparations with myentric nerve plexus were stripped under anatomical microscope. Immunohistochemical staining was also used in our study. Results: The mount preparation samples with myentric nerve plexus from intestines of mice showed positive SP immunoreaction. The positive cells were dark brown. Many of the cytons appeared circular and oval, while some appeared triangular or irregular. Conclusion: Our improved method is really a good method to show enteric nerve plexus. The method has many advantages and is particularly applied to small animals such as Kunming mice and BALB/c mice, weighing from 20 g to 30 g.
