The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical results.However,the incidence of bladder and se...The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical results.However,the incidence of bladder and sexual dysfunction remains high.This may be particularly distressing for the patient and troublesome to manage for the surgeon when it does occur.The increased use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy is also associated with poorer functional outcomes.In this review,we evaluate current understanding of the anatomy of pelvic nerves which are divided into the areas of the inferior mesenteric artery pedicle,the lateral pelvic wall and dissection around the urogenital organs.Surgical techniques in these areas are discussed.We also discuss the results in functional outcomes of the various techniques including open,laparoscopic and robotic over the last 30 years.展开更多
The changes in retinal thickness and visual function in type 2 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. A total of 141 diabetic subjects without retinopathy and 158 healthy s...The changes in retinal thickness and visual function in type 2 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. A total of 141 diabetic subjects without retinopathy and 158 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Superior macular ganglion cell complex thicknesses were significantly decreased in diabetic cases, and no significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes were observed. The contrast sensitivities at all space frequencies were significantly different between diabetic patients and controls. The mean P50 amplitude from pattern electroretinogram results was reduced significantly in the diabetic group. In the diabetic group, average superior ganglion cell complex thicknesses positively correlated with both contrast sensitivities at high spatial frequencies and P50 amplitudes. The results indicated that ganglion cell complex thickness and visual function changes could be observed in diabetic subjects before the onset of any significant diabetic retinopathy. Macular ganglion cell complex reduction occurred much earlier than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in diabetic patients without retinopathy.展开更多
Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 （Dtnbp1） is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-nuU mutan...Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 （Dtnbp1） is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-nuU mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in beha- viors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBP1 expression contributes to clinical relevant fea- tures of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbp1 knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex （mPFC）. We demonstrated that DTNBP1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC impaired mouse pre-pu[se inhibition （PPI） behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity- dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mPFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and PPI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBP1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBP1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and under- score BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.展开更多
文摘The advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)together with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colorectal surgery and robotic surgery has improved surgical results.However,the incidence of bladder and sexual dysfunction remains high.This may be particularly distressing for the patient and troublesome to manage for the surgeon when it does occur.The increased use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant radiotherapy is also associated with poorer functional outcomes.In this review,we evaluate current understanding of the anatomy of pelvic nerves which are divided into the areas of the inferior mesenteric artery pedicle,the lateral pelvic wall and dissection around the urogenital organs.Surgical techniques in these areas are discussed.We also discuss the results in functional outcomes of the various techniques including open,laparoscopic and robotic over the last 30 years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81341029)
文摘The changes in retinal thickness and visual function in type 2 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy were evaluated. A total of 141 diabetic subjects without retinopathy and 158 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. Superior macular ganglion cell complex thicknesses were significantly decreased in diabetic cases, and no significant peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness changes were observed. The contrast sensitivities at all space frequencies were significantly different between diabetic patients and controls. The mean P50 amplitude from pattern electroretinogram results was reduced significantly in the diabetic group. In the diabetic group, average superior ganglion cell complex thicknesses positively correlated with both contrast sensitivities at high spatial frequencies and P50 amplitudes. The results indicated that ganglion cell complex thickness and visual function changes could be observed in diabetic subjects before the onset of any significant diabetic retinopathy. Macular ganglion cell complex reduction occurred much earlier than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in diabetic patients without retinopathy.
文摘Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 （Dtnbp1） is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBP1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-nuU mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in beha- viors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBP1 expression contributes to clinical relevant fea- tures of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbp1 knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex （mPFC）. We demonstrated that DTNBP1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mPFC impaired mouse pre-pu[se inhibition （PPI） behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBP1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity- dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mPFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and PPI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBP1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBP1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and under- score BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.
