针刺结合微电子神经桥治疗中风偏瘫的新思路

中风发病率高、致残率高,我国偏瘫患者人数在逐年增加。针刺是治疗中风偏瘫的主要手段之一,经皮穴位电刺激也发挥着很大的作用,两者都能让患者有持久的穴位刺激,但是只能依靠预先设定的模式做机械式的抖动。微电子神经桥在应用中采用体表电极将获取的肌电信号进行功能电刺激,但其选择性和灵敏度不如前者。因此,作者考虑如果将传统的针刺与微电子神经桥相结合,就能精准地将采集的信号输入到需要的部位,支配偏瘫肢体产生和谐的指定动作,也可以解决微电子神经桥体表电极选择性和灵敏度不够的问题,以期用这种方法更好地帮助偏瘫患者进行运动功能重建。

用微电子神经桥实现受控脊蟾蜍运动功能重建的研究

在前期电刺激、机械刺激和化学刺激验证了采用微电子神经桥（MENB）实现神经功能重建的基础上，为了使受控脊蟾蜍重建的动作更加协调，以自由活动的蟾蜍的坐骨神经信号作为信号源，以脊蟾蜍的坐骨神经为受控对象，借助MENB实现了受控脊蟾蜍坐骨神经的功能重建。实验结果表明，受控脊蟾蜍在自由活动蟾蜍坐骨神经信号的控制下可以实现同步的伸缩腿动作。与其它刺激方式相比，这种刺激在动作协调性方面有了明显的改善。该研究工作提供了医疗康复训练的新途径。

基于微电子神经桥实现大鼠运动功能重建的实验研究

设计了一种大鼠神经信道桥接、信号再生和功能重建的实验方案.首先对脊髓适当位置进行功能电激励,诱发控制左腿动作的坐骨神经信号;然后,将此信号作为微电子神经桥的信号源,经微电子神经桥放大处理后施加于离断的右腿坐骨神经远端,从而使瘫痪的右腿产生动作.对控制左腿动作的坐骨神经信号和再生后的右腿神经信号进行相关性分析,结果表明,与再生前的信号相比,再生后的信号在时间上存在延迟,且两者的相干函数值为0.89,符合因果关系.这种设计方案既避免了因生物体组织传导可能引入的伪迹,又克服了因控制运动的神经信号中编、解码未知所造成的困难;此外,运用控制动作的原始神经信号作为控制信号源,使重建更精细、协调的动作行为成为可能.

面向神经电子接口器件的有机材料进展与展望

神经电子接口器件能够在生物体神经系统界面与数字世界之间创建直接连接,实现信号的采集、操控与反馈,是实现神经系统与外界双向交互的桥梁.有机分子具有多重弱相互作用,是与生命体的分子结构和力学性质最相似的光电功能材料,是用来构筑神经接口材料与器件的理想载体.本文总结了面向神经电子接口器件的有机材料研究进展,汇总了有机材料在分子设计和聚集态结构调控方面的研究策略,并展望了神经接口器件的有机材料发展方向.

基于微电子神经桥重建大鼠皮质脊髓束功能的体视学定量研究

目的：获取大鼠皮质脊髓束的立体定位解剖学数据。方法：取成年SD大鼠脊髓T6~10节段连续冰冻切片，通过蛋白激酶Cγ（protein kinase Cγ, PKCγ）免疫组织化学法染色显示皮质脊髓束，运用体视学方法定量测量，获取各节段皮质脊髓束距脊髓横切面正中线的最大距离、距脊髓背面的最小距离和最大距离以及皮质脊髓束的截面积等皮质脊髓束定位的相关数据。结果：在PKCγ免疫组织化学染色中，皮质脊髓束呈棕黄色，定位于大鼠脊髓后索最深部，边界清晰，易于定位。体视学方法测量获得T6~10节段脊髓中央管到脊髓背面距离（h），两侧皮质脊髓束的截面积（s, s’），双侧皮质脊髓束距脊髓中线的距离（a, a’）、皮质脊髓束距脊髓背面的最小距离（b, b’）、皮质脊髓束距脊髓背面的最大距离（c, c’），左侧与右侧相比差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：用PKCγ免疫组织化学染色法能准确定位皮质脊髓束，体视学定量测量可获取大鼠皮质脊髓束的立体定位解剖学数据，为脊髓损伤后植入微电子神经桥治疗提供应用解剖学基础。

低功耗全集成微电子神经桥接电路的设计

神经传导束中断是脊髓损伤后功能障碍的主要原因。微电子神经桥是利用微电子芯片或模块旁路受损神经传导束,重建因神经通路中断而丧失的功能。设计了一种基于0.5μm CMOS工艺的低功耗、全集成微电子神经桥电路,版图面积为1.21 mm×1.18 mm。详细介绍了微电子神经桥核心单元电路低功耗两级运算放大器和输入/输出轨至轨运算放大器的设计。仿真结果表明,微电子神经桥接系统的通频带完全覆盖神经信号的频谱范围,增益可调至足够大,适用于神经信号探测和功能电激励。系统在±2.5 V供电情况下,功耗仅为3.4 mW,低功耗和系统全集成使得微电子神经桥向最终实现体内植入迈进了一步。

经皮神经电刺激在癌症患者化疗中的应用效果

目的研究经皮神经电刺激治疗(电子止吐仪)在乳腺癌、卵巢癌等癌症患者化疗中的应用效果。方法选择2015年3月16日至2016年8月10日我院收治乳腺癌、卵巢癌等癌症患者165例作为实验组,并选取同期乳腺癌、卵巢癌等癌症患者165例作为对照组,对照组患者采用传统化疗方法,化疗前常规使用止呕药物和预防消化道反应药物,实验组在对照组基础上化疗前1h开始佩戴电子止吐仪进行止吐治疗。比较两组患者治疗效果的差异。结果对照组显效28例,有效131例,无效6例。实验组显效91例,有效71例,无效3例,两组的显效率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的总有效率和无效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在两组无效者中有2例为乳腺癌,其余均为男性生殖细胞肿瘤睾丸癌。结论使用经皮神经电刺激治疗(电子止吐仪)防治化疗性呕吐,可减轻化疗病人对化疗致吐的恐惧,在防治恶心呕吐方面有一定效果,但对于某些患者,因个体的差异及化疗方案的不同,特别是男性生殖细胞肿瘤,由于含顺铂及化疗药物多,输液时间长,且需连续化疗5d,患者的恶心、呕吐反应明显,虽然增加电子止吐仪治疗,但对减轻恶心呕吐现象无明显帮助。

首块神经芯片试制成功

据制成首块可工作的神经芯片的科学家们报道,这块由硅和神经细胞为材料制成电路而使脑修复的芯片,促使高级生物探测器和生物计算机朝现实又迈进了一步。慕尼黑Max planck生化研究的Peter Fromherz和Gunther Zeck将蜗牛的神经细胞置于一块硅片上,然后用微型塑料栓将其围住,这样邻近细胞之间以及细胞与硅片之间就会形成连接。每个神经细胞下有一刺激器,可产生一个电压变化,该电压变化可导致一种贯穿整个细胞的电脉冲。施加在硅片上的电脉冲由一个神经细胞传输到另一个神经细胞,最后又返回到硅片,从而使硅开关跳闸。这样一个回路就形成了。在马萨诸塞州Waltham Brandeis大学进行神经网络研究的Eve Marder报道说,通过笼罩细胞设计电路的该技术是一种非常有用的方法。

“神经—肌肉电刺激在运动训练中的应用”——课题总体设计

在理论分析的基础上提出了神经肌肉电刺激的局部定位问题、刺激效果的生物力学评价问题和建立电子生物反馈电刺激训练系统问题。

从互联网、物联网到地球神经网络——全球互联的未来之路

该文提出从互联网、物联网到智慧地球,一个由低级到高级、由简单到复杂的地球神经网络(ENN:Earth Neural Network)正在快速进化,文中对其雏形感测网进行了系统的分析和论述,重点研究了开放地理空间联盟的Sensor Web Enablement框架和和微软的SenseWeb实践,最后探讨ENN的进化,论证了智能感测设备和感测网的出现是其演进历程的两个重要事件,以及泛在化、普适化、中枢化的进化趋势,和中枢系统的结构等级化、功能区块化等分化特点,并预测ENN将渗透到人类与自然的发展进程中,普适计算、智能空间和智慧地球也必将深深地依赖于这个网络。

Neural function rebuilding on different bodies using microelectronic neural bridge technique

A microelectronic circuit is used to regenerate the neural signals between the proximal end and the distal end of an injured nerve.An experimental scheme is designed and carried out to verify the feasibility of the so-called microelectronic neural bridge（MNB）.The sciatic signals of the source spinal toad which are evoked by chemical stimuli are used as source signals to stimulate the sciatic of the controlled spinal toad.The sciatic nerve signals of the source spinal toad,the regenerated sciatic signals in the controlled spinal toad,and the resulting electromyography（EMG）signals associated with the gastrocnemius muscle movements of the controlled spinal toad are displayed and recorded by an oscilloscope.By analyzing the coherence between the source sciatic nerve signals and the regenerated sciatic nerve signals and the coherence between the regenerated nerve signals and the EMG signals,it is proved that the regenerated sciatic nerve signals have a relationship with the source sciatic nerve signals and control shrinkage of the leg of the controlled toad.

Research on Thermodynamic Properties of Polybrominated Diphenylamine by Neural Network

Based on the location of bromine substituents and conjugation matrix, a new substituent po- sition index ~X not only was defined, but also molecular shape indexes Km and electronega- tivity distance vectors Mm of diphenylamine and 209 kinds of polybrominated diphenylamine （PBDPA） molecules were calculated. Then the quantitative structure-property relationships （QSPR） among the thermodynamic properties of 210 organic pollutants and 0X, K3, M29, M36 were founded by Leaps-and-Bounds regression. Using the four structural parameters as input neurons of the artificial neural network, three satisfactory QSPR models with network structures of 4：21：1, 4：24：1, and 4：24：1 respectively, were achieved by the back-propagation algorithm. The total correlation coefficients R were 0.9999, 0.9997, and 0.9995 respectively and the standard errors S were 1.036, 1.469, and 1.510 respectively. The relative mean deviation between the predicted value and the experimental value of Sθ, AfHe and △fGθ- were 0.11%, 0.34% and 0.24% respectively, which indicated that the QSPR models had good stability and superior predictive ability. The results showed that there were good nonlinear correlations between the thermodynamic properties of PBDPAs and the four structural pa- rameters. Thus, it was concluded that the ANN models established by the new substituent position index were fully applicable to predict properties of PBDPAs.

Neural-Network-Based Charge Density Quantum Correction of Nanoscale MOSFETs

For the treatment of the quantum effect of charge distribution in nanoscale MOSFETs,a quantum correction model using Levenberg-Marquardt back-propagation neural networks is presented that can predict the quantum density from the classical density. The training speed and accuracy of neural networks with different hidden layers and numbers of neurons are studied. We conclude that high training speed and accuracy can be obtained using neural networks with two hidden layers,but the number of neurons in the hidden layers does not have a noticeable effect, For single and double-gate nanoscale MOSFETs, our model can easily predict the quantum charge density in the silicon layer,and it agrees closely with the Schrodinger-Poisson approach.

Improvement of cardiac function and reversal of gap junction remodeling by Neuregulin-1β in volume-overloaded rats with heart failure

Objective We performed experiments using Neuregulin-1β （NRG-1β） treatment to determine a mechanism for the protective role derived from its beneficial effects by remodeling gap junctions （GJs） during heart failure （HF）. Methods Rat models of I-IF were established by aortocaval fistula. Forty-eight rats were divided randomly into the HF （HF, n = 16）, NRG-1β trealanent （NRG, n = 16）, and sham operation （S, n = 16） group. The rats in the NRG group were administered NRG-1β （10 μg/kg per day） for 7 days via the tail vein, whereas the other groups were injected with the same doses of saline, Twelve weeks after operation, Connexin 43 （Cx43） expression in single myocytes obtained from the left ventricle was determined by immunocytochemistry. Total protein was extracted from frozen left ventricular tissues for immunoblotting assay, and the ultrastmcture of myocytes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with the HF group, the cardiac fimction of rats in the NRG group was markedly improved, irregular distribution and deceased Cx43 expression were relieved. The ultrastmcture of myocytes was seriously damaged in HF rats, and NRG-1β reduced these pathological damages. Conclusions Short-term NRG-1β treatment can rescue pump failure in experimental models of volume overload-induced HF, which is related to the recovery of GJs structure and the improvement of Cx43 expression.

基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统

目的:构建基于人工智能的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别系统,快速识别和分析患者临床信息,高效地输出正确的诊疗方案。方法:基于国内外最新高血压性脑出血诊疗指南,经多位高年资神经外科医生和专业人工智能团队共同讨论,构建基于语言表征模型和专家模块的高血压性脑出血医疗文本信息自动识别及决策系统(即H系统)。随后将收集到的高血压性脑出血病例分为训练集、测试集和验证集,以数据库中病例的真实治疗方案为金标准,先总体评价H系统的准确性,再将其与神经外科医生进行对比,分析H系统的判读效率。结果:在测试集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为94.0%(91.5%~96.5%),特异度为91.8%(86.3%~97.3%),灵敏度为95.5%(89.3%~98.2%),曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)值为0.936(0.922~0.950)(P=0.000);在验证集中,H系统所输出的治疗方案的准确率为93.3%(89.5%~97.1%),特异度为89.9%(83.4%~96.4%),灵敏度为95.8%(92.3%~99.3%),AUC值为0.928(0.891~0.966)(P=0.000)。在处理同样的70例病例时,H系统用时(334.60±4.46)s,而神经外科医生用时(12 550.28±95.45)s;在50 min内,H系统处理的病例数为(383±3)例,而神经外科医生处理的病例数为(11±4)例。结论:本研究所构建的H系统能够对高血压性脑出血患者的急诊病例进行自动识别和分析,并快速输出准确的诊疗方案,可协助医生对高血压脑出血进行急诊诊疗。

Studies on the Relationship between Neuroendocrine Cellular Differentiation in Gastric Cancers and Post-operative Survival Time

OBJECTIVE To examine the ultrastructure of gastric cancer ceils by the electron microscope, in order to assess the relationship between neuroendocrine differentiation and post-operative survival time. METHODS NSE, Syn and CgA immunohistochemical labeling was conducted in 168 cases with a common-type of gastric cancer. Electron microscopy was performed in 80 cases with positive immunohistochemical labeling. These cases were followed-up for over 5 years and the post-operative survival data analyzed. RESULTS Neuroendocrine granules were found by electron microscopy in 39 cases. The rate of neuroendocrine differentiation found was 23% （39/168）, using routine diagnostic criteria and electron microscopy （REM）. The post-operative survival time of gastric cancer patients with neuroendocdne differentiation was significantly shorter （P=-0.0032） compared to those without neuroendocrine differentiation. CONCLUSION It is of significant clinical importance to determine if the neuroendocrine cells are differentiated in gastdc cancers. The gastric cancer patients with neuroendocrine differentiation have a shorter post-operative survival time and a poorer prognosis. Electron microscopy is a reliable method of providing a diagnosis.

Improving Reliability of Communication in RS-485 Design

Three aspects of RS 485 application, which affect the reliability of communication of data system are analyzed and discussed. In network configuration, it presents the optimal configuration for the bus of RS 485, the better rule for derivative line and the choice for termination. In hardware design, it presents three parts of driver’s peripheral circuit. In control software design, it presents a method of using 75176’s DE line to control the driver.

一款新型三分钟游戏化认知风险筛查工具--基于微信小程序设计和大样本适用性分析

目的研发一款我国中老年人适用的认知筛查工具。方法采用微信开发者工具研发“G3游戏化认知风险评估”小程序,并分析准确性和适用性。结果G3小程序包含3个1 min小游戏,支持用户自测认知功能、查阅报告。与MoCA量表基础版(MoCA-B)相关性较好(Pearson’s r=0.611,P<0.001)。中老年自然用户(71179人)的开启率、完成率分别为99.55%、92.28%,平均用时(278.5±73.73)s。结论G3小程序对我国中老年人有良好的适用性和可操作性,可用于认知症筛查和居家自测。

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF LARGE AMPLITUDE ACTION POTENTIAL OF THE SUFFERED FACIAL MUSCLES IN INTRATEMPORAL FACIAL NERVE PARALYSIS

Objective. To testify the phenomenon that large amplitude action potential appears at the early stage of facial paralysis, and to search for the mechanism through clinical and experimental studies. Patients(animals) and methods. The action potentials of the orbicular ocular and oral muscles were recorded in 34 normal persons by electromyogram instruments. The normal range of amplitude percentage was found out according to the normal distribution. One hundred patients with facial paralysis were also studied. The action potentials of facial muscles were recorded in 17 guinea pigs before and after the facial nerve was compressed and the facial nerve was examined under electromicroscope before and after the compression. Results. The amplitude percentage of the suffered side to the healthy side was more than 153 percent in 6 of the 100 patients. Large amplitude action potential occured in 35 per cent guinea pigs which were performed the experiment of facial nerve compression. Electromicroscopic examination revealed separation of the lammae of the facial nerve’s myelin sheath in the guinea pigs which exhibited large amplitude action potential. Conclusion. The facial nerve exhibited a temporary over excitability at the early stage of facial nerve injury in some patients and guinea pigs. If the injury was limited in the myelin sheath, the prognosis was relatively good.

Design of 3D Active Multichannel Silicon Neural Microelectrode

To find a design method for 3D active multichannel silicon microelectrode, a microstructure of active neural recording system is presented, where two 2D probes, two integrated circuits and two spacers are microassembled on a 5 mm×7 mm silicon platform, and 32 sites neural signals can be operated simultaneously. A theoretical model for measuring the neural signal by the silicon microelectrode is proposed based on the structure and fabrication process of a single-shank probe. The method of determining the dimensional parameters of the probe shank is discussed in the following three aspects, i.e. the structures of pallium and endocranium, coupled interconnecters noise, and strength characteristic of neural probe. The design criterion is to minimize the size of the neural probe as well as that the probe has enough stiffness to pierce the endocranium. The on-chip unity-gain bandpass amplifier has an overall gain of 42 dB over a bandwidth from 60 Hz to 10 kHz; and the DC-baseline stability circuit is of high input resistance above 30 MΩ to guarantee a cutoff frequency below 100 Hz. The circuit works in stimulating or recording modes. The conversion of the modes depends on the stimulating control signal.