Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-lin...Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-linear assessments of post-concussion postural control.The current acute evaluation for concussion utilizes the subjective balance error scoring system(BESS) to assess postural control.While the sensitivity of the overall test battery is high,the sensitivity of the BESS is unacceptably low and,with repeat administration,is unable to accurately identify recovery.Sophisticated measures of postural control,utilizing traditional linear assessments,have identified impairments in postural control well beyond BESS recovery.Both assessments of quiet stance and gait have identified lingering impairments for at least 1 month post-concussion.Recently,the application of non-linear metrics to concussion recovery have begun to receive limited attention with the most commonly utilized metric being approximate entropy(Ap En).Ap En,most commonly in the medial-lateral plane,has successfully identified impaired postural control in the acute post-concussion timeframe even when linear assessments of instrumented measures are equivalent to healthy pre-injury values;unfortunately these studies have not gone beyond the acute phase of recovery.One study has identified lingering deficits in postural control,utilizing Shannon and Renyi entropy metrics,which persist at least through clinical recovery and return to participation.Finally,limited evidence from two studies suggest that individuals with a previous history of a single concussion,even months or years prior,may display altered Ap En metrics.Overall,non-linear metrics provide a fertile area for future study to further the understanding of postural control impairments acutely post-concussion and address the current challenge of sensitive identification of recovery.展开更多
目的评估新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间献血相关迷走神经反应(donation related vasovagal reaction,DRVR)预防措施的实施效果。方法通过分析和预判疫情防控期间DRVR高风险因素,制定和实施DRVR预防措施,监测疫情期间DRVR和采血不足量发生率...目的评估新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间献血相关迷走神经反应(donation related vasovagal reaction,DRVR)预防措施的实施效果。方法通过分析和预判疫情防控期间DRVR高风险因素,制定和实施DRVR预防措施,监测疫情期间DRVR和采血不足量发生率,分析预防措施的实施效果。结果重庆市启动重大突发公共卫生一、二级响应期间(2020年1月24日~2020年3月24日)本中心监测到全血献血者发生DRVR 94例,发生率为0.70%(94/13338),低于疫情发生以前(2019年11月1日~2020年1月23日)1.46%(481/32879)的发生率,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=44.39,P<0.01);疫情期间采血不足量发生率为1.54%(206/13338),低于疫情发生以前2.02%(664/32879),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=11.59,P<0.01)。结论疫情期间实施经分析预判制定的针对性预防措施,可有效控制DRVR和采血不足量的发生,充分保障疫情期间献血者安全。展开更多
文摘Concussion,or mild traumatic brain injury,incidence rates have reached epidemic levels and impaired postural control is a cardinal symptom.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the linear and non-linear assessments of post-concussion postural control.The current acute evaluation for concussion utilizes the subjective balance error scoring system(BESS) to assess postural control.While the sensitivity of the overall test battery is high,the sensitivity of the BESS is unacceptably low and,with repeat administration,is unable to accurately identify recovery.Sophisticated measures of postural control,utilizing traditional linear assessments,have identified impairments in postural control well beyond BESS recovery.Both assessments of quiet stance and gait have identified lingering impairments for at least 1 month post-concussion.Recently,the application of non-linear metrics to concussion recovery have begun to receive limited attention with the most commonly utilized metric being approximate entropy(Ap En).Ap En,most commonly in the medial-lateral plane,has successfully identified impaired postural control in the acute post-concussion timeframe even when linear assessments of instrumented measures are equivalent to healthy pre-injury values;unfortunately these studies have not gone beyond the acute phase of recovery.One study has identified lingering deficits in postural control,utilizing Shannon and Renyi entropy metrics,which persist at least through clinical recovery and return to participation.Finally,limited evidence from two studies suggest that individuals with a previous history of a single concussion,even months or years prior,may display altered Ap En metrics.Overall,non-linear metrics provide a fertile area for future study to further the understanding of postural control impairments acutely post-concussion and address the current challenge of sensitive identification of recovery.
文摘目的评估新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间献血相关迷走神经反应(donation related vasovagal reaction,DRVR)预防措施的实施效果。方法通过分析和预判疫情防控期间DRVR高风险因素,制定和实施DRVR预防措施,监测疫情期间DRVR和采血不足量发生率,分析预防措施的实施效果。结果重庆市启动重大突发公共卫生一、二级响应期间(2020年1月24日~2020年3月24日)本中心监测到全血献血者发生DRVR 94例,发生率为0.70%(94/13338),低于疫情发生以前(2019年11月1日~2020年1月23日)1.46%(481/32879)的发生率,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=44.39,P<0.01);疫情期间采血不足量发生率为1.54%(206/13338),低于疫情发生以前2.02%(664/32879),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=11.59,P<0.01)。结论疫情期间实施经分析预判制定的针对性预防措施,可有效控制DRVR和采血不足量的发生,充分保障疫情期间献血者安全。
