目的：探讨小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法：选择小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤140例，对其临床症状、诊治以及预后进行回顾性分析。结果：140例小儿支原体肺炎感染并发中枢神经损伤患者临床主要表...目的：探讨小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法：选择小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤140例，对其临床症状、诊治以及预后进行回顾性分析。结果：140例小儿支原体肺炎感染并发中枢神经损伤患者临床主要表现为发热、头痛、脑膜刺激征阳性，咳嗽，肺部干湿啰音或干湿啰音增多，其次为呕吐，昏迷，肌力改变2～4级，辅助检查表现为血清M P-Ig M 检测阳性，中性粒细胞增高，细胞数增多，脑脊液中M P-Ig M 阳性，脑电图异常，偶有肝功能异常。经过给予阿奇霉素及头孢曲松钠等治疗后，治愈123例，好转17例，治愈率好转率达100％，未发生不良事件以及死亡。结论：对小儿支原体肺炎并发症神经系统损伤应该结合实验室检查，尤其是血清M P-Ig M 检测为诊断提供可靠依据，及时给予阿奇霉素及头孢曲松钠等治疗，能取得较好的临床效果。展开更多
目的：探讨先天性巨结肠同源病（HAD）的诊断、治疗及预后。方法分析2008年8月至2014年4月于本院确诊的426例先天性巨结肠（54例 HAD）患儿临床资料，所有患儿均由 BE、ARE、直肠黏膜吸引活检术等检查确诊，通过分析辅助检查结果，了解...目的：探讨先天性巨结肠同源病（HAD）的诊断、治疗及预后。方法分析2008年8月至2014年4月于本院确诊的426例先天性巨结肠（54例 HAD）患儿临床资料，所有患儿均由 BE、ARE、直肠黏膜吸引活检术等检查确诊，通过分析辅助检查结果，了解相关检查在 HAD 的特点。并对患儿近期效果进行随访。结果54例 HAD 病例约占本院先天性巨结肠症的11．3％，其中肠神经元性发育异常症25例（46．3％）；神经节减少症16例（29．6％）；神经节未成熟症13例（24．1％）。49例 HAD 患儿行钡剂灌肠检查，结果提示结肠、直肠扩张为主要表现，约28．3％的患儿结果类似先天性巨结肠症；40例 HAD 患儿行肛直肠测压，引出典型直肠肛门抑制反射 4例（10．0％），引出变异波形18例（45．0％），主要表现为有“M”、“U”、“W”波及波形延迟等异型波。钙视网膜蛋白（Calretinin CR）免疫组化染色检查阳性率在 HAD 为88．9％，较正常对照组显色浅，呈网状结构。19例予巨结肠根治术治疗，随访大部分患儿预后良好。结论先天性巨结肠同源病病理学特点介于先天性巨结肠症与正常之间，通过钡剂灌肠、肛直肠测压、CR 染色等相关检查综合分析可提高诊断准确率，当该病影响到患儿的生长发育及出现严重并发症时应及时手术治疗。展开更多
A novel adaptive support vector regression neural network （SVR-NN） is proposed, which combines respectively merits of support vector machines and a neural network. First, a support vector regression approach is appl...A novel adaptive support vector regression neural network （SVR-NN） is proposed, which combines respectively merits of support vector machines and a neural network. First, a support vector regression approach is applied to determine the initial structure and initial weights of the SVR-NN so that the network architecture is easily determined and the hidden nodes can adaptively be constructed based on support vectors. Furthermore, an annealing robust learning algorithm is presented to adjust these hidden node parameters as well as the weights of the SVR-NN. To test the validity of the proposed method, it is demonstrated that the adaptive SVR-NN can be used effectively for the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems. Simulation results show that the identification schemes based on the SVR-NN give considerably better performance and show faster learning in comparison to the previous neural network method.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivit...Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetoencephalography, and Electroencephalography （EEG）. Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways （primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission）, brainimaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the phenotypic differences that determine an individual＇s response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual＇s psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic profile to define phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut inflammation or injury.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and u...AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and undernourished (D),receiving a protein-deprived diet,which continued after birth. At twenty-one days of age,13 esophagi from each group were submitted to light microscopy and morphometrical analysis employing the NADH diaphorase,NADPH diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase techniques. Three other esophagi from each group were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: In both the NADH- and the NADPH-reactive mounts,the neurons of the N mounts were more intensely stained,while in the D esophagi only the larger neurons were reactive. Many myenteric neurons of N were intensely reactive for AChE activity but only a few neurons of D exhibited these aspects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the granular reticulum of N showed large numbers of ribosomes aligned on the outer surface of its regularly arranged membrane while the ribosomes of D were disposed in clusters. The chromatin was more homogeneously scattered inside the neuron nucleus of N as well as the granular component of the nucleolus was evidently more developed in this group. Statistically significant differences between N and D groups were detected in the total estimated number of neurons stained by the NADPH technique. CONCLUSION: The morphological and quantitative data shows that feeding with protein-deprived diet in 21-d old rats induces a delay in the development of the myenteric neurons of the esophagus.展开更多
To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Mi...To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus and reed voles Microtus fortis were compared in the present research.Mandarin voles spent significantly more time attacking and sniffing their opponents and sniffing sawdust than reed voles.During same sex encounters,mandarin voles attacked their opponents for a significantly longer time and sniffed its opponent for shorter time compared with male-female interactions.However,no significant behavioral differences were found during encounters of two individual reed voles,regardless of gender composition of the pair.Using c-Fos as an indicator of neural activation,we observed that neural activation was significantly higher in almost all sub-regions of the main olfactory bulb(MOB)and the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)of mandarin voles compared with reed voles.Numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons in almost all sub-regions of the AOB and the MOB during male-female interactions were also higher than those in interactions of the same sex.Anterior-posterior ratios of Fos-ir neurons in the AOBM(AOBMR)and the AOBG(AOBGR)in male-female interaction were significantly higher than those in interaction of the same sex.The AOBMR of male mandarin voles and reed voles were larger than those of females in male-female interactions.Behavioral patterns are consistent with cellular activity patterns.Consistent level of neural activation in MOB and AOB suggests important roles of both the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb in social interaction in two species.展开更多
In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes...In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.展开更多
A new method for identifying nonlinear time varying systems with unknown structure is presented. The method extends the application area of basis sequence identification. The essential idea is to utilize the learning ...A new method for identifying nonlinear time varying systems with unknown structure is presented. The method extends the application area of basis sequence identification. The essential idea is to utilize the learning and nonlinear approximating ability of neural networks to model the non linearity of the system, characterize time varying dynamics of the system by the time varying parametric vector of the network, then the parametric vector of the network is approximated by a weighted sum of known basis sequences. Because of black box modeling ability of neural networks, the presented method can identify nonlinear time varying systems with unknown structure. In order to improve the real time capability of the algorithm, the neural network is trained by a simple fast learning algorithm based on local least squares presented by the authors. The effectiveness and the performance of the method are demonstrated by some simulation results.展开更多
A direct feedback control system based on fuzzy recurrent neural network is proposed, and a method of training weights of fuzzy recurrent neural network was designed by applying modified contract mapping genetic algor...A direct feedback control system based on fuzzy recurrent neural network is proposed, and a method of training weights of fuzzy recurrent neural network was designed by applying modified contract mapping genetic algorithm. Computer simulation results indicate that fuzzy recurrent neural network controller has perfect dynamic and static performances .展开更多
文摘目的：探讨小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤的临床特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法：选择小儿支原体肺炎并发神经系统损伤140例，对其临床症状、诊治以及预后进行回顾性分析。结果：140例小儿支原体肺炎感染并发中枢神经损伤患者临床主要表现为发热、头痛、脑膜刺激征阳性，咳嗽，肺部干湿啰音或干湿啰音增多，其次为呕吐，昏迷，肌力改变2～4级，辅助检查表现为血清M P-Ig M 检测阳性，中性粒细胞增高，细胞数增多，脑脊液中M P-Ig M 阳性，脑电图异常，偶有肝功能异常。经过给予阿奇霉素及头孢曲松钠等治疗后，治愈123例，好转17例，治愈率好转率达100％，未发生不良事件以及死亡。结论：对小儿支原体肺炎并发症神经系统损伤应该结合实验室检查，尤其是血清M P-Ig M 检测为诊断提供可靠依据，及时给予阿奇霉素及头孢曲松钠等治疗，能取得较好的临床效果。
文摘目的：探讨先天性巨结肠同源病（HAD）的诊断、治疗及预后。方法分析2008年8月至2014年4月于本院确诊的426例先天性巨结肠（54例 HAD）患儿临床资料，所有患儿均由 BE、ARE、直肠黏膜吸引活检术等检查确诊，通过分析辅助检查结果，了解相关检查在 HAD 的特点。并对患儿近期效果进行随访。结果54例 HAD 病例约占本院先天性巨结肠症的11．3％，其中肠神经元性发育异常症25例（46．3％）；神经节减少症16例（29．6％）；神经节未成熟症13例（24．1％）。49例 HAD 患儿行钡剂灌肠检查，结果提示结肠、直肠扩张为主要表现，约28．3％的患儿结果类似先天性巨结肠症；40例 HAD 患儿行肛直肠测压，引出典型直肠肛门抑制反射 4例（10．0％），引出变异波形18例（45．0％），主要表现为有“M”、“U”、“W”波及波形延迟等异型波。钙视网膜蛋白（Calretinin CR）免疫组化染色检查阳性率在 HAD 为88．9％，较正常对照组显色浅，呈网状结构。19例予巨结肠根治术治疗，随访大部分患儿预后良好。结论先天性巨结肠同源病病理学特点介于先天性巨结肠症与正常之间，通过钡剂灌肠、肛直肠测压、CR 染色等相关检查综合分析可提高诊断准确率，当该病影响到患儿的生长发育及出现严重并发症时应及时手术治疗。
文摘A novel adaptive support vector regression neural network （SVR-NN） is proposed, which combines respectively merits of support vector machines and a neural network. First, a support vector regression approach is applied to determine the initial structure and initial weights of the SVR-NN so that the network architecture is easily determined and the hidden nodes can adaptively be constructed based on support vectors. Furthermore, an annealing robust learning algorithm is presented to adjust these hidden node parameters as well as the weights of the SVR-NN. To test the validity of the proposed method, it is demonstrated that the adaptive SVR-NN can be used effectively for the identification of nonlinear dynamic systems. Simulation results show that the identification schemes based on the SVR-NN give considerably better performance and show faster learning in comparison to the previous neural network method.
基金Supported by A Medical Research Council Career Establi-shment Award and the Rosetrees Trust
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetoencephalography, and Electroencephalography （EEG）. Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways （primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission）, brainimaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal disorders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the phenotypic differences that determine an individual＇s response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual＇s psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic profile to define phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut inflammation or injury.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of protein deprivation on the myenteric plexus of the esophagus of weanling rats. METHODS: Pregnant female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups: nourished (N),receiving normal diet,and undernourished (D),receiving a protein-deprived diet,which continued after birth. At twenty-one days of age,13 esophagi from each group were submitted to light microscopy and morphometrical analysis employing the NADH diaphorase,NADPH diaphorase and acetylcholinesterase techniques. Three other esophagi from each group were evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: In both the NADH- and the NADPH-reactive mounts,the neurons of the N mounts were more intensely stained,while in the D esophagi only the larger neurons were reactive. Many myenteric neurons of N were intensely reactive for AChE activity but only a few neurons of D exhibited these aspects. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the granular reticulum of N showed large numbers of ribosomes aligned on the outer surface of its regularly arranged membrane while the ribosomes of D were disposed in clusters. The chromatin was more homogeneously scattered inside the neuron nucleus of N as well as the granular component of the nucleolus was evidently more developed in this group. Statistically significant differences between N and D groups were detected in the total estimated number of neurons stained by the NADPH technique. CONCLUSION: The morphological and quantitative data shows that feeding with protein-deprived diet in 21-d old rats induces a delay in the development of the myenteric neurons of the esophagus.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30670273No.30200026)Ministry of Education Key Project of Peoples Republic of China(20060718)
文摘To gain insight into the function of AOB and MOB during different social interaction and in different vole species,the behaviors and neural activation of the olfactory bulbs in social interactions of mandarin voles Microtus mandarinus and reed voles Microtus fortis were compared in the present research.Mandarin voles spent significantly more time attacking and sniffing their opponents and sniffing sawdust than reed voles.During same sex encounters,mandarin voles attacked their opponents for a significantly longer time and sniffed its opponent for shorter time compared with male-female interactions.However,no significant behavioral differences were found during encounters of two individual reed voles,regardless of gender composition of the pair.Using c-Fos as an indicator of neural activation,we observed that neural activation was significantly higher in almost all sub-regions of the main olfactory bulb(MOB)and the accessory olfactory bulb(AOB)of mandarin voles compared with reed voles.Numbers of c-Fos-ir neurons in almost all sub-regions of the AOB and the MOB during male-female interactions were also higher than those in interactions of the same sex.Anterior-posterior ratios of Fos-ir neurons in the AOBM(AOBMR)and the AOBG(AOBGR)in male-female interaction were significantly higher than those in interaction of the same sex.The AOBMR of male mandarin voles and reed voles were larger than those of females in male-female interactions.Behavioral patterns are consistent with cellular activity patterns.Consistent level of neural activation in MOB and AOB suggests important roles of both the main olfactory bulb and the accessory olfactory bulb in social interaction in two species.
基金Project (No. 40328001) supported by the National Science Fund forOutstanding Youth Overseas China
文摘In this work, datasets of water and carbon fluxes measured with eddy covariance technique above a summer maize field in the North China Plain were simulated with artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the fluxes responses to local environmental variables. The results showed that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), air temperature (T) and leaf area index (LAI) were primary factors regulating both water vapor and carbon dioxide fluxes. Three-layer back-propagation neural networks (BP) could be applied to model fluxes exchange between cropland surface and atmosphere without using detailed physiological information or specific parameters of the plant.
文摘A new method for identifying nonlinear time varying systems with unknown structure is presented. The method extends the application area of basis sequence identification. The essential idea is to utilize the learning and nonlinear approximating ability of neural networks to model the non linearity of the system, characterize time varying dynamics of the system by the time varying parametric vector of the network, then the parametric vector of the network is approximated by a weighted sum of known basis sequences. Because of black box modeling ability of neural networks, the presented method can identify nonlinear time varying systems with unknown structure. In order to improve the real time capability of the algorithm, the neural network is trained by a simple fast learning algorithm based on local least squares presented by the authors. The effectiveness and the performance of the method are demonstrated by some simulation results.
文摘A direct feedback control system based on fuzzy recurrent neural network is proposed, and a method of training weights of fuzzy recurrent neural network was designed by applying modified contract mapping genetic algorithm. Computer simulation results indicate that fuzzy recurrent neural network controller has perfect dynamic and static performances .
