未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)是细胞维持蛋白稳态至关重要的途径。是当细胞内外环境受到刺激时,如氧化应激、炎症、钙失衡等会引起细胞内外蛋白质的稳态失衡,从而导致细胞内蛋白质的聚集或异常蛋白的积累,进一步诱发...未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)是细胞维持蛋白稳态至关重要的途径。是当细胞内外环境受到刺激时,如氧化应激、炎症、钙失衡等会引起细胞内外蛋白质的稳态失衡,从而导致细胞内蛋白质的聚集或异常蛋白的积累,进一步诱发内质网应激,后续发生一系列的反应来试图恢复蛋白质稳态的过程。当适应性UPR不能恢复细胞内蛋白质稳态时,则会进一步引起细胞凋亡。UPR是生理性和病理性衰老,以及神经血管退行性疾病发生发展的重要影响因素。展开更多
Aging is a multidimensional process that leads to an increased risk of developing severe diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and immunological diseases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs know...Aging is a multidimensional process that leads to an increased risk of developing severe diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and immunological diseases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to regulate gene expression, which contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression profiles contribute to cellular senescence, aging and aging-related diseases. However, only a few miRNAs whose functions have been elucidated have been associated with aging and/or aging-related diseases. This article reviews the currently available findings regarding the roles of aging-related miRNAs, with a focus on cardiac and cardiovascular aging.展开更多
Originating in China, tea and tea planting have spread throughout the world since the middle of the Tang dynasty. Now people from 160 countries in the world are accustomed to tea drinking. A brief history of tea＇s me...Originating in China, tea and tea planting have spread throughout the world since the middle of the Tang dynasty. Now people from 160 countries in the world are accustomed to tea drinking. A brief history of tea＇s medicinal role in China and its spread to the world are introduced. The effectiveness of tea active components and tea drinking on major human diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, is discussed. Also presented are some related issues, such as the bioavailability of tea active components, the new formulations of tea polyphenols, and the safety for consumers of dietary supplements containing tea polyphenols.展开更多
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc)is a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on myriad proteins in the cell nucleus,cytoplasm,and mitochondria.The donor sugar for O-Glc NAcylation,uridine-diphosphate N...O-linked N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc)is a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on myriad proteins in the cell nucleus,cytoplasm,and mitochondria.The donor sugar for O-Glc NAcylation,uridine-diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine(UDP-Glc NAc),is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway(HBP).The recycling of O-GlcNAc on proteins is mediated by two enzymes in cells—O-GlcNAc transferase(OGT)and O-Glc NAcase(OGA),which catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc,respectively.O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a number of important cell processes including transcription,translation,metabolism,signal transduction,and apoptosis.Deregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to be associated with various human diseases such as cancer,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,and cardiovascular diseases.A better understanding of the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in physiopathological processes would help to uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.The aim of this review is to discuss the recent updates on the mechanisms and impacts of O-GlcNAcylation on these diseases,and its potential as a new clinical target.展开更多
文摘未折叠蛋白反应(unfolded protein response,UPR)是细胞维持蛋白稳态至关重要的途径。是当细胞内外环境受到刺激时,如氧化应激、炎症、钙失衡等会引起细胞内外蛋白质的稳态失衡,从而导致细胞内蛋白质的聚集或异常蛋白的积累,进一步诱发内质网应激,后续发生一系列的反应来试图恢复蛋白质稳态的过程。当适应性UPR不能恢复细胞内蛋白质稳态时,则会进一步引起细胞凋亡。UPR是生理性和病理性衰老,以及神经血管退行性疾病发生发展的重要影响因素。
文摘Aging is a multidimensional process that leads to an increased risk of developing severe diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and immunological diseases. Recently, small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs （miRNAs） have been shown to regulate gene expression, which contributes to many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. Increasing evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression profiles contribute to cellular senescence, aging and aging-related diseases. However, only a few miRNAs whose functions have been elucidated have been associated with aging and/or aging-related diseases. This article reviews the currently available findings regarding the roles of aging-related miRNAs, with a focus on cardiac and cardiovascular aging.
基金Project supported by the Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(No.2012-XY-17),China
文摘Originating in China, tea and tea planting have spread throughout the world since the middle of the Tang dynasty. Now people from 160 countries in the world are accustomed to tea drinking. A brief history of tea＇s medicinal role in China and its spread to the world are introduced. The effectiveness of tea active components and tea drinking on major human diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative diseases, is discussed. Also presented are some related issues, such as the bioavailability of tea active components, the new formulations of tea polyphenols, and the safety for consumers of dietary supplements containing tea polyphenols.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91753125,31270865,31322019,and 31570804)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFA0100303)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LR15C050001)
文摘O-linked N-acetylglucosamine(O-GlcNAc)is a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on myriad proteins in the cell nucleus,cytoplasm,and mitochondria.The donor sugar for O-Glc NAcylation,uridine-diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine(UDP-Glc NAc),is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway(HBP).The recycling of O-GlcNAc on proteins is mediated by two enzymes in cells—O-GlcNAc transferase(OGT)and O-Glc NAcase(OGA),which catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc,respectively.O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a number of important cell processes including transcription,translation,metabolism,signal transduction,and apoptosis.Deregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to be associated with various human diseases such as cancer,diabetes,neurodegenerative diseases,and cardiovascular diseases.A better understanding of the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in physiopathological processes would help to uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention.The aim of this review is to discuss the recent updates on the mechanisms and impacts of O-GlcNAcylation on these diseases,and its potential as a new clinical target.
