Objective: To investigate the knowledge level related to compliance in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with epilepsy were tested in the city of Xi’an with a knowledge questionnaire containing 2...Objective: To investigate the knowledge level related to compliance in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with epilepsy were tested in the city of Xi’an with a knowledge questionnaire containing 21 questions related to compliance. Results: Over 39.5% of patients did not know that epilepsy is the result of abnormal firing of neurons, while 29.9% were uncertain or did not realize that epilepsy attacks can bring up accidents such as traffic accidents, drowning and trauma. A total of 36.6% of responders thought that the best therapy for epilepsy could be found in Traditional Chinese Medicine. As many as 36.8% of tested patients were uncertain or did not know that frequent epilepsy attacks can affect their intelligence. Up to 36% were unaware of the possible consequence of sudden withdrawal of anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Among responders, 39.1% did not know the right treatment method of epilepsy. That AED can control seizure attacks were doubted in 57.5% of epileptic patients. Furthermore, 32.2% did not know whether the disease could be cured. Conclusion: In this group of epileptic patients, generally they do not have enough indispensable knowledge to cope with epilepsy. They urgently need for proper health education besides effective AED to control seizure attacks and improve their quality of life.展开更多
The human norepinephrine transporter(NET) gene was cloned and structurally analyzed. The far 5’ fragment containing exon 1 (a non-coding exon) and exon 2 was sequenced. The transcription start site of the gene in hum...The human norepinephrine transporter(NET) gene was cloned and structurally analyzed. The far 5’ fragment containing exon 1 (a non-coding exon) and exon 2 was sequenced. The transcription start site of the gene in human brain stem tissue was determined by primer extension analysis. It was found that the gene could be transcribed from multiple starting points. The 5’ flanking sequence contains a proximal G-C rich region, one possible GSG elemeflt and several SP1 sites. However it does not contain TATA box and CAAT box motifS. Gel shift analysis with nuclear extracts from different tissues of mouse shows that the G-C rich region may be involved in tissue specific expression of the gene.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effect of liposome-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer in vivo on spinal cord motoneurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats. Methods: Sixt...Objective: To investigate the effect of liposome-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer in vivo on spinal cord motoneurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into two groups: GDNF group and control group. The SCI model was established according to the method of Nystrom, and then the DC-Chol liposomes and recombinant plasmid pEGFP-GDNF cDNA complexes were injected into the injured spinal cord. The expression of GDNF cDNA 1 week after injection was detected by RT-PCR and fluorescence microscope. We observed the remaining motoneurons in the anterior horn and the changes of cholinesterase (CHE) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity using Nissl and enzyme histochemistry staining. The locomotion function of hind limbs of rats was evaluated using inclined plane test and BBB locomotor scale. Results: RT-PCR and fluorescence observation confirmed the presence of expression of GDNF cDNA 1 week and 4 weeks after injection. At 1, 2, 4 weeks after SCI, the number of motoneurons in the anterior horn in GDNF group ((20.4)±(3.2), (21.7)±(3.6), (22.5)±(3.4)) was more than that in control group ((16.8)±(2.8), (17.3)±(2.7), (18.2)±(3.2), P<(0.05)). At 1, 2 weeks after SCI, the mean gray of the CHE-stained spinal motoneurons in GDNF group ((74.2)±(25.8), (98.7)±(31.6)) was less than that in control group ((98.5)±(32.2), (134.6)±(45.2), P<(0.01)), and the mean gray of ACP in GDNF group ((84.5)±(32.6), (79.5)±(28.4)) was more than that in control group ((61.2)±(24.9), (52.6)±(19.9), P<(0.01)). The locomotion functional scales in GDNF group were higher than that in control group within 1 to 4 weeks after SCI (P<(0.05)). Conclusions: GDNF gene transfer in vivo can protect motoneurons from death and degeneration induced by incompleted spinal cord injury as well as enhance locomotion functional restoration of hind limbs. These results suggest that liposome-mediated delivery of GDNF cDNA might be a practical method for treating traumatic spinal cord injury.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the knowledge level related to compliance in patients with epilepsy. Methods: Eighty-seven patients with epilepsy were tested in the city of Xi’an with a knowledge questionnaire containing 21 questions related to compliance. Results: Over 39.5% of patients did not know that epilepsy is the result of abnormal firing of neurons, while 29.9% were uncertain or did not realize that epilepsy attacks can bring up accidents such as traffic accidents, drowning and trauma. A total of 36.6% of responders thought that the best therapy for epilepsy could be found in Traditional Chinese Medicine. As many as 36.8% of tested patients were uncertain or did not know that frequent epilepsy attacks can affect their intelligence. Up to 36% were unaware of the possible consequence of sudden withdrawal of anti-epileptic drugs (AED). Among responders, 39.1% did not know the right treatment method of epilepsy. That AED can control seizure attacks were doubted in 57.5% of epileptic patients. Furthermore, 32.2% did not know whether the disease could be cured. Conclusion: In this group of epileptic patients, generally they do not have enough indispensable knowledge to cope with epilepsy. They urgently need for proper health education besides effective AED to control seizure attacks and improve their quality of life.
文摘The human norepinephrine transporter(NET) gene was cloned and structurally analyzed. The far 5’ fragment containing exon 1 (a non-coding exon) and exon 2 was sequenced. The transcription start site of the gene in human brain stem tissue was determined by primer extension analysis. It was found that the gene could be transcribed from multiple starting points. The 5’ flanking sequence contains a proximal G-C rich region, one possible GSG elemeflt and several SP1 sites. However it does not contain TATA box and CAAT box motifS. Gel shift analysis with nuclear extracts from different tissues of mouse shows that the G-C rich region may be involved in tissue specific expression of the gene.
文摘Objective: To investigate the effect of liposome-mediated glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene transfer in vivo on spinal cord motoneurons after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats. Methods: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into two groups: GDNF group and control group. The SCI model was established according to the method of Nystrom, and then the DC-Chol liposomes and recombinant plasmid pEGFP-GDNF cDNA complexes were injected into the injured spinal cord. The expression of GDNF cDNA 1 week after injection was detected by RT-PCR and fluorescence microscope. We observed the remaining motoneurons in the anterior horn and the changes of cholinesterase (CHE) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity using Nissl and enzyme histochemistry staining. The locomotion function of hind limbs of rats was evaluated using inclined plane test and BBB locomotor scale. Results: RT-PCR and fluorescence observation confirmed the presence of expression of GDNF cDNA 1 week and 4 weeks after injection. At 1, 2, 4 weeks after SCI, the number of motoneurons in the anterior horn in GDNF group ((20.4)±(3.2), (21.7)±(3.6), (22.5)±(3.4)) was more than that in control group ((16.8)±(2.8), (17.3)±(2.7), (18.2)±(3.2), P<(0.05)). At 1, 2 weeks after SCI, the mean gray of the CHE-stained spinal motoneurons in GDNF group ((74.2)±(25.8), (98.7)±(31.6)) was less than that in control group ((98.5)±(32.2), (134.6)±(45.2), P<(0.01)), and the mean gray of ACP in GDNF group ((84.5)±(32.6), (79.5)±(28.4)) was more than that in control group ((61.2)±(24.9), (52.6)±(19.9), P<(0.01)). The locomotion functional scales in GDNF group were higher than that in control group within 1 to 4 weeks after SCI (P<(0.05)). Conclusions: GDNF gene transfer in vivo can protect motoneurons from death and degeneration induced by incompleted spinal cord injury as well as enhance locomotion functional restoration of hind limbs. These results suggest that liposome-mediated delivery of GDNF cDNA might be a practical method for treating traumatic spinal cord injury.
