明代徽州文人结社综论

徽州文人结社的兴盛,是明代文人结社的一个缩影。明代徽州文人结社活动正德之前很少,嘉靖、隆庆之际出现高潮,万历时达到鼎盛,具有明显的阶段性特征。除汪道昆主持的白榆社外,其他明代徽州文人社团皆具有鲜明的地域印记,入社成员大都来自徽州本郡。明代徽州文人社团大体有诗社、文社和禅社三种类型,社团的社约规定了入社原则、经费来源和使用、处罚措施等,据此可了解这些社团的活动特点。明代徽州文人结社丰富了徽州文人的精神文化生活,促进了徽州文学创作的繁荣,提高了徽州文人的知名度,推动了徽州地域文学与主流文学的融合,使徽州在万历时成为在文学上比较先进的地区之一。

徽州天都社的发展及传播研究

天都社作为黄山史上第一个社团组织,社集活动前后持续270余年,对当时文学和文化活动的兴盛和发展起到一定的推动作用。天都前社成员主要是诗人,性质是"诗社",以吟诗作赋为活动形式,仅集会一次却盛况空前;天都后社是一个开放团体,融僧俗为一体,人物身份复杂,性质为"禅社",时间跨度长,期间活动频繁。天都社两次结社对黄山文学的繁荣、黄山文化的发展及黄山的开发都产生了一定的影响。

Managers in making The Zen management way

In the 21st century every manager in making requires a unique balance in personal, professional, family and social life so that he/she can enjoy and motivate himself to make others happy around him or her. The ego plays a major role in our life. Practicing Zen in management takes the manager to a level of egolessness. Zen finds its source in the experience of Shakyamuni Buddha, who in the process of enlightenment came across the elements of mindfulness and concentration--The noble eightfold path. These are key elements of success for the ＂managers in making＂. The purpose of this paper consists in rethinking today＇s management systems in order to look for ways of management which are better adapted to human life. It is assumed that a management practice which takes into consideration of the characteristics of human life must be accepted by a large number of people and would be effective and sustainable. This paper highlights the eight elements of＂The noble eightfold path＂ and its effective implications in management for the ＂managers in making＂ process--A guide towards success.

南宋李生《潇湘卧游图》题跋考论

本文研究的是现藏日本东京国立博物院的南宋禅画《潇湘卧游图》中的全部题跋。目前,该画上现仍留存9条南宋人的题跋,5条明清人的题跋,另有1条南宋人的题跋散佚,但载于《石渠宝笈初编》。题跋保留的完整性,留下了丰富的资料。经由9条南宋人的题跋,可得出三个结论。第一,南宋时自上而下的修禅风气,非但使士人居士与禅师之间相互形成了紧密的关联,还使士人之间多有结社交游。第二,《潇湘卧游图》中的禅意,使南宋居士们阐发无穷,显示出深厚的禅学素养。第三,题跋中的南宋士人,并非交游圈中的画家或收藏者,而是围绕着禅社而结交的社友,对禅意的探究多过对画意的欣赏。自明代之后的题跋,则如今天常见的样貌,主要围绕鉴定、鉴藏展开论述。各种语境的题跋,生动地呈现出了不同时代和身份的士人之兴致所在。