农户福利研究述评

由于农户福利集中体现了农村居民的生活质量,已被越来越多的学者所关注,本文通过文献回顾与分析,对国内农户福利的研究从概念、测量指标体系、研究方法几个方面进行了系统梳理和评价,并指出现有研究的不足以及未来应该着重关注的研究方向。

Effect of Transport Times on Welfare of Pigs

The aim of the study was to investigate effect of transport times of up to 12 h on pigs＇ welfare. An observation box was located on the 3rd floor of the vehicle. Device to measure temperature, humidity and video camera to monitor pigs＇ behaviors were fitted in the box. Eighteen measurements were performed during two seasons for 4, 8, and 12 h of transport time with three replications. Meat samples were taken from longissimus dorsi （LD） and the carcases were chilled for 24 h at ＋4 ~C for pH determination. To determine cortisol, glucose, lactate, and creatine kinase concentration levels, blood samples were collected before and after transport from 90 pigs and from 20 controls that were not transported for control purposes. To evaluate behavioural alterations, frequency of events and durations were considered. Highest pH24 of 5.99 ＋ 0.29 occurred during summer at 12 h transport time. Cortisol concentrations elevated during short and decreased with an increase of transport time （P 〈 0.001）. Highest and lowest glucose concentrations for winter and summer were at 8 and 12 h transport time, respectively （P 〈 0.01）. Concentrations of lactate and creatine kinase positively correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.002）. Lying, sitting, rooting and vocalization behaviours correlated with transport time （P 〈 0.009）. Certain THI values during summer surpassed normal （〉 74） level during loading. The pH24 value correlated with transport time during summer. Lactate and creatine kinase concentrations increased with an increase in transport time but for Glucose, highest value was at 8 h transport time.

我国贫困瞄准政策的表达与实践

建档立卡是我国新时期的贫困瞄准政策。研究发现,建档立卡政策同时包含着福利测量和农户参与两种视角的贫困瞄准方法。建档立卡政策以福利测量方法为表达,但却以农户参与方法为实践。利用三组微观农户数据,发现两种视角下贫困划分的不一致程度在37%到50%之间。贫困瞄准政策表达与实践背离的原因在于,福利测量方法和农户参与方法在收入和支出的认知上存在差异。