目的:以硫酸葡聚糖5000(dextran sulfate sodium3%D S S)诱导建立溃疡性结肠炎(u n c r e a t i v e colitis,UC)模型,研究γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对实验性UC大鼠结肠离体平滑肌的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠17只随机分为正常...目的:以硫酸葡聚糖5000(dextran sulfate sodium3%D S S)诱导建立溃疡性结肠炎(u n c r e a t i v e colitis,UC)模型,研究γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对实验性UC大鼠结肠离体平滑肌的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠17只随机分为正常组(6只)和模型组(11只).正常组饮用蒸馏水,模型组饮用含3%DSS的蒸馏水,诱导建立大鼠UC模型每天观察大鼠体质量和大便性状,进行疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分,9 d后模型组UC模型建立.所有大鼠处死后观察大体形态改变,并自病变严重部位取组织标本HE染色,镜下观察结肠的病理学改变.同时取大鼠结肠平滑肌,以离体结肠收缩张力变化为指标观察,观察GABA、GABA A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇和GABA A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱、GABA B受体拮抗剂巴氯酚对大鼠离体结肠平滑肌的影响.结果:模型组大鼠第5天出现大便形状改变30%为大便松散不成型,70%出现腹泻,为黄色稀便,第7天左右40%左右大鼠出现明显血便,活动及进食明显减少,病理学检查正常组大鼠结肠无黏连,黏膜轻度充血,无溃疡形成,镜下组织结构可见,腺体排列基本整齐;模型组大鼠腺体数目减少,组织结构紊乱,黏膜糜烂,出血、坏死和大面积深层溃疡.与正常组相比,模型组大鼠DAI(3.83±2.74 vs1.23±1.62,P<0.05),组织病理学评分(2.52±1.36 v s 0.41±0.74,P<0.05)显著升高;与加GABA前比较,GABA对正常大鼠和UC大鼠离体结肠平滑肌自主收缩活动均有抑制作用(P<0.05),0.01 mmol/L GABA和100 mmol/L G A B A对正常大鼠离体结肠平滑肌抑制率分别为20.00%±0.02%和67.60%±0.03%,0.01 mmol/L GABA和100 mmol/L GABA对溃疡性结肠大鼠离体结肠平滑肌抑制率分别为19.50%±0.02%和64.50%±0.05%,但G A B A对正常大鼠和U C大鼠离体结肠平滑肌自主收缩活动抑制作用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱能使大鼠离体结肠平滑肌收缩张力增大(1.25 g±0.03 g vs 0.77 g±0.04 g,P<0.05);与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇能显著抑制大鼠离体结肠平滑肌张力(0.38 g±0.03 g vs 0.75 g±0.06 g,P<0.05);与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA B受体拮抗剂巴氯酚能显著抑制大鼠离体结肠平滑肌张力(0.45 g±0.05 g vs 0.75 g±0.04 g,P<0.05).结论:D S S可成功诱导建立大鼠U C模型,GABA对UC大鼠离体结肠平滑肌收缩起抑制作用.大鼠离体结肠平滑肌中存在GABA A受体以及GABA B受体,GABA作用于GABA A受体起抑制收缩作用,GABA作用于GABA B受体起收缩增强作用.展开更多
Therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery is widely used around the world. Adequate colonic cleansing is considered a crucial factor for the safety of this procedure. Colonic gas explosion, although rare, is one of ...Therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery is widely used around the world. Adequate colonic cleansing is considered a crucial factor for the safety of this procedure. Colonic gas explosion, although rare, is one of the most frightening iatrogenic complications during colonoscopy with electrocautery. This complication is the result of an accumulation of colonic gases to explosive concentrations, but may be prevented by meticulous bowel preparation. The purpose of.this review is to discuss the indications and the types of bowel preparations for therapeutic colonoscopy, and to contribute recommendations for the adequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy with electrocautery.展开更多
AIM: To determine the concentrations of leptin and ghrelin, which have opposite effects on appetite,energy expenditure, and weight control, in the plasma of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), which is often assoc...AIM: To determine the concentrations of leptin and ghrelin, which have opposite effects on appetite,energy expenditure, and weight control, in the plasma of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), which is often associated with weight loss and malnutrition.METHODS: Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were determined in 28 outpatients with CD by radioimmunoassay. Age- and sex-matched controls with and without Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection (28for each) were enrolled in the study. Circulating levels of these hormones were assessed with respect to CD activity, disease localization and medical treatment.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in ghrelin levels between CD patients and H pylorinegative controls. However, circulating ghrelin levels were significantly lower in H pylori-infected subjects than in CD patients and uninfected controls. Plasma leptin levels were comparable among the groups. Localization and medication profile had no significant impact on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels.CONCLUSION: Apart from H pyloriinfection, CD itself has no significant influence on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels in the outpatients who were mostly in inactive state.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the behaviour of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and its most common genetic determinant defect, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (C677TMTHFR) polymorphism in patients with early stag...AIM: To investigate the behaviour of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and its most common genetic determinant defect, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (C677TMTHFR) polymorphism in patients with early stage colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: tHcy was quantified by Abbott IMx immunoassay; screening for C677TMTHFR substitution was performed by PCR and restriction analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of the C/T and T/T genotypes of the C677TMTHFR gene polymorphism did not differ between the groups. The mean tHcy was statistically higher in cancer patients than in control subjects carrying the same C/C or C/T genotype, whereas there was no difference in the T/T homozygous carriers of the two groups. tHcy was significantly higher in the T/T homozygous carriers than in C/C and C/T genotype carriers. CONCLUSION: The statistically significant increase of tHcy observed in C/C and C/T genotype carriers among our cancer patients is related to substrate consumption dependent on the tumor cell proliferation rate, whereas the tHcy increase observed in T/T genotype carriers of both groups probably depends on the enzymatic deficit of the homocysteine conversion to methionine and/or on the folate deficiency.展开更多
文摘目的:以硫酸葡聚糖5000(dextran sulfate sodium3%D S S)诱导建立溃疡性结肠炎(u n c r e a t i v e colitis,UC)模型,研究γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)对实验性UC大鼠结肠离体平滑肌的影响.方法:Wistar大鼠17只随机分为正常组(6只)和模型组(11只).正常组饮用蒸馏水,模型组饮用含3%DSS的蒸馏水,诱导建立大鼠UC模型每天观察大鼠体质量和大便性状,进行疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)评分,9 d后模型组UC模型建立.所有大鼠处死后观察大体形态改变,并自病变严重部位取组织标本HE染色,镜下观察结肠的病理学改变.同时取大鼠结肠平滑肌,以离体结肠收缩张力变化为指标观察,观察GABA、GABA A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇和GABA A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱、GABA B受体拮抗剂巴氯酚对大鼠离体结肠平滑肌的影响.结果:模型组大鼠第5天出现大便形状改变30%为大便松散不成型,70%出现腹泻,为黄色稀便,第7天左右40%左右大鼠出现明显血便,活动及进食明显减少,病理学检查正常组大鼠结肠无黏连,黏膜轻度充血,无溃疡形成,镜下组织结构可见,腺体排列基本整齐;模型组大鼠腺体数目减少,组织结构紊乱,黏膜糜烂,出血、坏死和大面积深层溃疡.与正常组相比,模型组大鼠DAI(3.83±2.74 vs1.23±1.62,P<0.05),组织病理学评分(2.52±1.36 v s 0.41±0.74,P<0.05)显著升高;与加GABA前比较,GABA对正常大鼠和UC大鼠离体结肠平滑肌自主收缩活动均有抑制作用(P<0.05),0.01 mmol/L GABA和100 mmol/L G A B A对正常大鼠离体结肠平滑肌抑制率分别为20.00%±0.02%和67.60%±0.03%,0.01 mmol/L GABA和100 mmol/L GABA对溃疡性结肠大鼠离体结肠平滑肌抑制率分别为19.50%±0.02%和64.50%±0.05%,但G A B A对正常大鼠和U C大鼠离体结肠平滑肌自主收缩活动抑制作用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA A受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱能使大鼠离体结肠平滑肌收缩张力增大(1.25 g±0.03 g vs 0.77 g±0.04 g,P<0.05);与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA A受体激动剂蝇蕈醇能显著抑制大鼠离体结肠平滑肌张力(0.38 g±0.03 g vs 0.75 g±0.06 g,P<0.05);与加药前比较,0.01 mmol/L GABA B受体拮抗剂巴氯酚能显著抑制大鼠离体结肠平滑肌张力(0.45 g±0.05 g vs 0.75 g±0.04 g,P<0.05).结论:D S S可成功诱导建立大鼠U C模型,GABA对UC大鼠离体结肠平滑肌收缩起抑制作用.大鼠离体结肠平滑肌中存在GABA A受体以及GABA B受体,GABA作用于GABA A受体起抑制收缩作用,GABA作用于GABA B受体起收缩增强作用.
文摘Therapeutic colonoscopy with electrocautery is widely used around the world. Adequate colonic cleansing is considered a crucial factor for the safety of this procedure. Colonic gas explosion, although rare, is one of the most frightening iatrogenic complications during colonoscopy with electrocautery. This complication is the result of an accumulation of colonic gases to explosive concentrations, but may be prevented by meticulous bowel preparation. The purpose of.this review is to discuss the indications and the types of bowel preparations for therapeutic colonoscopy, and to contribute recommendations for the adequate bowel preparation for colonoscopy with electrocautery.
文摘AIM: To determine the concentrations of leptin and ghrelin, which have opposite effects on appetite,energy expenditure, and weight control, in the plasma of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), which is often associated with weight loss and malnutrition.METHODS: Plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations were determined in 28 outpatients with CD by radioimmunoassay. Age- and sex-matched controls with and without Helicobacter pylori(H pylori) infection (28for each) were enrolled in the study. Circulating levels of these hormones were assessed with respect to CD activity, disease localization and medical treatment.RESULTS: There were no significant differences in ghrelin levels between CD patients and H pylorinegative controls. However, circulating ghrelin levels were significantly lower in H pylori-infected subjects than in CD patients and uninfected controls. Plasma leptin levels were comparable among the groups. Localization and medication profile had no significant impact on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels.CONCLUSION: Apart from H pyloriinfection, CD itself has no significant influence on circulating ghrelin and leptin levels in the outpatients who were mostly in inactive state.
基金Supported by a research grant from the University of Siena (PAR)
文摘AIM: To investigate the behaviour of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and its most common genetic determinant defect, the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T (C677TMTHFR) polymorphism in patients with early stage colorectal carcinoma. METHODS: tHcy was quantified by Abbott IMx immunoassay; screening for C677TMTHFR substitution was performed by PCR and restriction analysis. RESULTS: The frequency of the C/T and T/T genotypes of the C677TMTHFR gene polymorphism did not differ between the groups. The mean tHcy was statistically higher in cancer patients than in control subjects carrying the same C/C or C/T genotype, whereas there was no difference in the T/T homozygous carriers of the two groups. tHcy was significantly higher in the T/T homozygous carriers than in C/C and C/T genotype carriers. CONCLUSION: The statistically significant increase of tHcy observed in C/C and C/T genotype carriers among our cancer patients is related to substrate consumption dependent on the tumor cell proliferation rate, whereas the tHcy increase observed in T/T genotype carriers of both groups probably depends on the enzymatic deficit of the homocysteine conversion to methionine and/or on the folate deficiency.
