Separation of macro amounts of tungsten and molybdenum by ion exchange with D309 resin

Based on the difference in tendency to polymerize between tungsten and molybdenum, a new method using D309 resin was propounded. The batch tests indicate that the optimum pH value and contact time for the separation are 7.0 and 4 h respectively, the maxium separation factor of W and Mo is 9.29. And the experimental resules show that isothermal absorbing tungsten and molybdenum belongs to Langmuir model and Freundlich model respectively, and the absorbing kinetics for tungsten is controlled by intra-particle diffusion. With a solution containing 70 g/L WO3 and 28.97 g/L Mo, the effluent with a mass ratio of Mo to WO3 of 76 and the eluate with a mass ratio of WO3 to Mo of 53.33 are obtained after column test.

Experimental study on heat generation and dissipation performance of PEV Lithium-ion battery

Based on the lithium-ion battery pure electric vehicle （PEV） application, two capacity types of batteries are applied in thermal characteristic experiments. With the experimental comparison method, battery thermal characteristics and heat generation mechanism are studied. Experiments of batteries in cases of different dimensions, batteries with different air cooling velocity and two capacity types of batteries in free convection environment are put forward. Battery heat generation performance, heat dissipation performance and comparison of different capacity types＇ batteries are researched and summarized. Conclusions of battery heat generation and dissipation in PEV applications, important battery thermal management factors and suggestions are put forward.

BEHAVIOR OF CHO CELLS ON MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE BY LOW TEMPERATURE AMMONIA PLASMA

The surface of polypropylene (PP) membrane was modified by low temperature plasma with ammonia. The effect of exposure time was investigated by means of contact angle measurement. The results show that low temperature ammonia plasma treatment can enhance its hydrophilicity. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells attachment on the modified membrane was enhanced and the growth rate on the membrane was faster than unmodified one.

Transition metal catalysis in lithium‐ion batteries studied by operando magnetometry

Owing to the potential ability of metal nanoparticles to enhance the performance of energy storage devices,their catalytic performance has been studied by many researchers.However,a limited number of suitable characterization techniques does not allow fully elucidating their catalytic mechanism.Herein,high‐accuracy operando magnetometry is employed to investigate the catalytic properties of a cobalt oxide electrode for lithium‐ion batteries fabricated by magnetron sputtering.Using this technique,the magnetic responses generated by the Co‐catalyzed reversible formation and decomposition of a polymer/gel‐like film are successfully detected.A series of CoO/Co films are prepared by magnetron sputtering in different environments at various sputtering times to study the influence of Co content and film thickness on their catalytic properties.It is clearly demonstrated that increasing the Co content enhances the magnetic signal associated with the catalysis process.Furthermore,decreasing the electrode thickness increases the area affected by the catalytic reactions,which in turn enhances the corresponding magnetic responses.The obtained results experimentally confirm the catalytic activity of Co metal nanoparticles and provide a scientific guidance for designing advanced energy storage devices.This work also shows that operando magnetometry is a versatile technique for studying the catalytic effects of transition metals.

Kinetic modeling of adsorption of vanadium and iron from acid solution through ion exchange resins

This study assessed the adsorption process and the reaction kinetics involved in the selective recovery of vanadium from an acid solution containing iron as an impurity.Four commercial resins were studied:Lewatit^(®)MonoPlus TP 209 XL,Lewatit^(®) TP 207,Dowex^(TM)M4195(chelating resin)and Lewatit^(®) MonoPlus S 200 H(strong cationic exchange resin).To investigate the effect of time on the adsorption process,batch experiments were carried out using the following initial conditions:pH 2.0,298 K,and a proportion of 1 g of resin to 50 mL of solution.The variation of pH over time was analyzed.Chelating resin released less H+ions as the adsorption occurred,resulting in a lower drop of pH when compared to S 200 H resin.Ion adsorption by the resins was also evaluated through FT-IR and SEM−EDS before and after the experiments.Among the evaluated kinetic models(pseudo-first order,pseudo-second order,Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models),the pseudo-second order model best fits the experimental data of the adsorption of vanadium and iron by all of the four resins.M4195 resin showed the highest recovery of vanadium and the lowest adsorption of iron.Kinetic data,which are fundamental to industrial processes applications,are provided.

Tomato Growth and Organic Acid Changes in Response to Partial Replacement of NO_3^--N by NH_4^+-N

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effect of partial replacement of NO-3-N by NH4+-N on the seedling growth and organic acid content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A completely randomized design was established with three replications and five treatments, i.e., NO-3-N/NH4+-N of 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100. Results showed that 25% replacement of NO3--N by NH4+-N significantly (P = 0.05) improved fresh and dry weight, revealing that a proper percentage of NH4+-N was important for tomato nitrogen nutrition. This could increase the plant growth even though tomato was a crop that preferred nitrate nutrition. Also an increase in the proportion of NH4+-N in the nutrient solution led to a significant decrease (P = 0.05) in malate, citrate and fumarate. However, the 25% NH4+-N plus 75% NO3--N treatment had no significant effect (P = 0.05) on the 2-ketoglutarate, succinate or oxalic acid content, showing that only some organic acids in tomato plants were affected. Only pyruvate increased significantly (P = 0.05), and it only increased for 25% and 50% replacement of NO3--N by NH4+-N. Metabolism of these organic acids, especially malate, citrate and fumarate, should be further studied at the molecular level in vegetables applied with different nitrogen forms.

Conversion of Methane by Steam Reforming Using Dielectric-barrier Discharg

Conversion of methane by steam reforming was carried out by means of dielectric-barrier discharge.A systemic procedure was employed to determine the suitable experimental conditions.It was found that one of the plasma generators can match the system best.A higher power input can always bring a higher conversion,but the selectivity to C2H6 decreased from 52.48% to 39.43% as the power increased from 20W to 49W.When discharge distance was 4mm,selectivities to almost all main products reached the max.The inner electrode made of stainless steel and the outer electrode with aluminum foil were one of the best options which can obviously enhance the conversion of methane.A larger flow rate always resulted in a lower conversion of methane.In the most time,19.93% steam promoted conversion of methane.

Entanglement and Phase-Covariant Cloning for Multiple Trapped Ions via Adiabatic Passage

We describe a scheme for the generation of W states and implementation of phase-covariant cloning for n trapped ions. The scheme does not use the vibational mode as the memory and works beyond the Lamb-Dicke regime. The procedure is robust against moderate fluctuations of experimental parameters by using adiabatic passage.

NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHESIS IN MYOCARDIUM FOLLOWING BURN INJURY IN RATS

The nitric oxide and cyclic GMP production in myocardium early after burn injury in rats were investi- gated. Nitric oxide synthase activity was measured in cytosols from the left ventricular wall of burned rats. Cytosols from the control group animals were shown to contain mainly Ca2+ dependent nitric oxide synthase （cNOS） with small amount of Ca2+ independent nitric oxide synthase （iNOS）. Following burn injury, there was a marked increase in iNOS activity with a peak at sh post-burn, however, myocardial cNOS ac- tivity was found to decline obviously. Parallel to iNOS induction there was a significant increase in myocar- dial nitric oxide and cyclic GMP production. All these changes were alleviated by treatment of the rats with dexamethasone. Since increases in cyclic GMP levels in the heart were associated with reduced myocardial contractility, it is possible that enhanced production of nitric oxide by a Ca2+, independent NO synthase ac- counts, at least in part, for the depression of myocardial contractility seen in burn animals and patients.

Equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption of Ca(Ⅱ) ions onto KCTS and HKCTS

The adsorption of Ca（ II ） ions from aqueous solution by ehitosan a-ketoglutaric acid （KCTS） and hydroxamated chitosan a-ketoglutaric acid （HKCTS） was studied in a batch adsorption system. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describing the equilibrium isotherms, and isotherm constants were determined. The kinetics of the adsorption with respect to the initial Ca（II） ions concentration, temperature and pH was investigated. The pseudo-first-order and second-order kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data and the rate constants were evaluated. The results show that the experimental data fit well to the Langmuir isotherms with a high correlation coefficient （R2）. The pseudo-second-order rate expression provides the best fitting kinetic model. The pseudo second-order kinetic model is indicated with the activation energy of 26.22 kJ/mol and 6.16 kJ/mol for KCTS and HKCTS, respectively. It is suggested that the overall rate of adsorption of Ca（ II ） ions is likely to be controlled by the chemical process.

Progress in Plasma Diagnostics and Physics Experiment

The development of eight new diagnostic systems and the improvement of the laser Thomson scattering system contributed to the experimental campaign on HL-2A in 2006. Besides, the accuracy and flexibility of the molecular beam injection （MBI） system was improved greatly by using the special driver and controller, it is more convenient for studies such as particle transport. In the field of plasma physics experiment, the features of 3-D GAM zonal flows were further studied and some signs of low frequency zonal flows were observed. In the ECRH experiments, the effects of ECRH on sawtooth activities and m/n= 1/1 mode were studied under different plasma discharge conditions. The effect of MBI during ECRH on plasma behavior, such as non-local heat transport, was also studied.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Reactions between Manganese Oxide Cluster Cations and Hydrogen Sulfide

Manganese oxide cluster cations Mnm180n＋ were prepared by laser ablation and reacted with hydrogen sulfide （H2S） in a fast flow reactor under thermal collision conditions. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to detect the cluster distributions before and after the interactions with H2S. The experiments suggest that oxygen-for-sulfur （O/S） ex- change reaction to release water took place in the reactor for most of the manganese oxide cluster cations： MnmlSOn＋＋H2S→Mnm18On-1S＋＋H218O. Density functional theory cal- culations were performed for reaction mechanisms of Mn202＋＋H2S, Mn203＋＋H2S, and Mn204＋＋H2S. The computational results indicate these O/S exchange reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable, thus in good agreement with the experimental observations. The O/S exchange reactions identified in this gas-phase cluster study parallel similar behavior of related condensed phase reaction systems.

Gender difference of transmural heterogeneity of calcium current in rabbit ventricle

Objective: To study the distribution of I_ Ca,L in endomyocardium(Endo), mid-myocardium(Mid) and epicardium(Epi) in female and male rabbit ventricle and to elucidate the mechanism of sex difference in drug-associated torsade de pointes. Methods: Whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record action potential and I_Ca,L. Results: Action potential duration ofMidinfemale rabbit heart waslonger thanthat in male and transmural dispersion of repolarization in female was largerthan thatinmale. The densities of I_ Ca,L in Endo, Mid and Epi of female rabbits were (7.1±0.6), (10.4±0.9) and (9.6±1.1) pA/pF and they were (9.1±0.9), (10.5±1.0) and (9.8±0.9) pA/pF in male respectively. Transmural heterogeneity of I_ Ca,L in female ventricle was more significant than that in male rabbit.Conclusion:Female rabbitspossessmoresignificant transmural heterogeneityof I_Ca,L,whichmaybe responsiblefor largertransmuraldispersion of repolarization and more drug-associated torsade de pointes in female.

The Design of the Microwave Exciter for Klystron

To carry out lower hybrid wave heating and current drive plasma experiment on tokamak, we need mega-watt order of microwave power generated by the parallel-running klystrons. Those klystrons must be driven by the microwave exciter. Now our microwave exciter is used for many years and its performance is decreased very much. It can not satisfy any more the hybrid wave heating and current drive plasma experiment. So we set out to design a new microwave exciter that is consist of the microwave solid components, amplitudestabilization control, modularization design with multitude-outputs, microwave phase control in order to satisfy the demand of the different work in the hybrid wave heating and current drive plasma experiment.

Experimental study on thermal characteristics of LiFePO_4 power batteries

As an important high-energy chemical power source, lithium-ion power batteries come up to application problems of thermal performance, such as extended temperature range and high power charge ＆ discharge. LiFeP04 battery is applied and developed well recently, its charge and discharge experiment at different temperatures and hybrid pulse power characterization （HPPC） test are analyzed, and the optimal temperature range of LiFeP04 battery is put forward. In order to provide experimental suggestion of power battery application and its thermal management, internal resistance, influencing factor of electromotive force and entropy change state of charge （SOC）, battery thermal characteristic of different charge ＆ discharge rates are summarized.

Experimental study on dispersive soil in western Jilin

In order to research engineering geological properties of the soil in Zhenlai of western Jilin, especially the dispersivity of soil, the authors carried out the basic physicocbemical test and dispersivity identification test. The results show that the dispersivity of the soil increases with the increase of depth within 0-30 cm （surface soil） ; it decreases as the depth increases within in 30-100 cm. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of the dispersivity indexes and physicochemical propertity indexes show that the DP is positively linear correlated with total soluble salt content, sodium ion content, ESP, pH and organic matter content. Meanwhile, it is negatively linear correlated with clay content, and the linear relationship is better. Through the study of the dispersion mechanism of soil samples, it can be concluded that sodium montmorillonite, higher percentage of exchangeable sodium and high pH are the main reasons for the dispersion of soils in western Jilin.

EFFECT OF COXSACKIEVIRUS B3 ON ION CHANNEL CURRENTS IN RAT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES

To investigate the effects of coxsackievirus B 3(CVB 3) on ion channel currents in rat ventricular myocytes. Methods.Rat hearts were isolated with collagenase to acquire single ventricular myocytes, L type voltage dependent calcium channel(VDCC)current (I Ca ),Na + current (I Na ), outward potassium current (I out ), inwardly rectifying potassium current(I KI ) were recorded using whole cell patch clamp techniques. ResultsCVB 3 infection increased I Ca and I out , while decreased I KI ; but it had no obvious effect on I Na . Conclusion.The effects of CVB 3 on I Ca 、 I out 、 I KI may be one of the mechanisms of myocytes damage and the occurrence of abnormal electroactivities induced by CVB 3 infection.

The Optical Emission Spectroscopy Experiment of Open Air Plasmas

A plasma spectroscopy experiment is described and its performances are given, ways oI excltauon u^ttc~,t tc~,,,,,~ ,,, free-burning plasma at atmospheric pressure is analyzed in detail. The fixed-grating spectrograph PGS-2 Carl Zeiss Jena is actually a variation on the very first spectrometer design, where photo-plate was replaced with a detector array of PIXIS-Roper Scientific camera. Abilities of the system are analyzed and its limitations are determined.

Tokamak Experiment and Tokamak Engineering——Development of the Plasma Diagnostics on HL-2A Tokamak

The main mission the HL-2A tokamak is of the experiments on to explore the divertor physics and to investigate the plasma confinement, transport and instabilities with high power auxiliary heating and advanced fuelling, it is necessary to develop more new diagnostics and increase the spatial and temporal resolutions of the measurements for exist system. Up to now, about 30 diagnostic systems have been moved from HL-1M to HL-2A tokamak. Other 10 diagnostic systems are being designed and installed on the device. In developed in last 2 years, will be presented.