Crystalline Co nanocomposites in the rutile TiO2 were synthesized by 180 keV Co ion beam implantation at temperature of 623 K with the fluence of 4×10^16 cm^-2. The structural and magnetic properties of samples w...Crystalline Co nanocomposites in the rutile TiO2 were synthesized by 180 keV Co ion beam implantation at temperature of 623 K with the fluence of 4×10^16 cm^-2. The structural and magnetic properties of samples with different thermal treatment were characterized by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction （SR-XRD）, high resolution transmission electron mi- croscopy （HRTEM）, Rutherford backscattering/channeling and the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The SR-XRD results reveal the formation of hcp and fce phases of Co clusters, and the SR-XRD and HRTEM show that Co nanocrystals （NCs） have been formed in TiO2 after ion implantation. With increasing of annealing temperature, the transition of hcp to fcc Co is observed, and the Co NCs sizes were increased with increasing post-annealing temperature. At annealing temperature 1073 K, the lattice damaged is significantly removed compared with the virgin sample. The Co NCs forming inside TiO2 are the major contribution of the measured ferromagnetism.展开更多
A mechanochemical method with SiO_(2)as the grinding aid was used to enhance the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li from spent lithium batteries(LIBs).Experiment results show that the optimal leaching efficiencies of ...A mechanochemical method with SiO_(2)as the grinding aid was used to enhance the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li from spent lithium batteries(LIBs).Experiment results show that the optimal leaching efficiencies of 94.91%for Co and 97.22%for Li were obtained under the parameters of SiO_(2)/LiCoO_(2)mass ratio of 1:1,grinding speed of 500 r/min and grinding time of 30 min in citric acid.Characterization results indicate that the surficial properties of LiCoO_(2)were changed after mechanochemical grinding treatment due to the newly generated surfaces on LiCoO_(2).Meanwhile,the incompletely coordinated atomic structure and defective lattice structure lead to the activation of LiCoO_(2).The reduction effect of carbon black on Co^(3+)under the action of mechanical forces increases its leaching efficiencies in the citric acid solution.The proposed process was found efficiently to recover Co and Li from LiCoO_(2).展开更多
The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammon...The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at molar fraction of AEO9, A EO9 α =0.5. The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin) were determined for both individual surfactants and their mixtures. The significant deviations from ideal behavior (attractive interactions) of the nonionic/ionic surfactant mixtures were determined. Mixtures of both AEO9/SDS and AEO9/CTAB exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, but neither exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness.展开更多
Nitrogen implantation in silicon substrate at fixed energy of 35keV and split dose of 10 14～5×10 14cm -2 is performed before gate oxidation.The experiment results indicate that with the increasing of implanta...Nitrogen implantation in silicon substrate at fixed energy of 35keV and split dose of 10 14～5×10 14cm -2 is performed before gate oxidation.The experiment results indicate that with the increasing of implantation dose of nitrogen,oxidation rate of gate decreases.The retardation in oxide growth is weakened due to thermal annealing after nitrogen implantation.After nitrogen is implanted at the dose of 2×10 14cm -2,initial O 2 injection method which is composed of an O 2 injection/N 2 annealing/main oxidation,is applied for preparation of 3 4nm gate oxide.Compared with the control process,which is composed of N 2 annealing/main oxidation,initial O 2 injection process suppresses leakage current of the gate oxide.But Q bd and HF C-V characteristics are almost identical for the samples fabricated by two different oxidation processes.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.10875004 and No.11005005）, and National Basic Research Program of China （No.2010CB832904）, the 2011 Self-Raised Funds Project of HeBei Science and Technology Bureau （No.11316736）, and the 2011 Key Project of the Langfang Teachers College （No.LSZZ201101）.
文摘Crystalline Co nanocomposites in the rutile TiO2 were synthesized by 180 keV Co ion beam implantation at temperature of 623 K with the fluence of 4×10^16 cm^-2. The structural and magnetic properties of samples with different thermal treatment were characterized by synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction （SR-XRD）, high resolution transmission electron mi- croscopy （HRTEM）, Rutherford backscattering/channeling and the superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer. The SR-XRD results reveal the formation of hcp and fce phases of Co clusters, and the SR-XRD and HRTEM show that Co nanocrystals （NCs） have been formed in TiO2 after ion implantation. With increasing of annealing temperature, the transition of hcp to fcc Co is observed, and the Co NCs sizes were increased with increasing post-annealing temperature. At annealing temperature 1073 K, the lattice damaged is significantly removed compared with the virgin sample. The Co NCs forming inside TiO2 are the major contribution of the measured ferromagnetism.
基金financially supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2020B090919003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51574234,51904295)+2 种基金the Special Fund(Social Development)Project of Key Research and Development Plan of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2019634)the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20180647)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2018M640538)。
文摘A mechanochemical method with SiO_(2)as the grinding aid was used to enhance the leaching efficiencies of Co and Li from spent lithium batteries(LIBs).Experiment results show that the optimal leaching efficiencies of 94.91%for Co and 97.22%for Li were obtained under the parameters of SiO_(2)/LiCoO_(2)mass ratio of 1:1,grinding speed of 500 r/min and grinding time of 30 min in citric acid.Characterization results indicate that the surficial properties of LiCoO_(2)were changed after mechanochemical grinding treatment due to the newly generated surfaces on LiCoO_(2).Meanwhile,the incompletely coordinated atomic structure and defective lattice structure lead to the activation of LiCoO_(2).The reduction effect of carbon black on Co^(3+)under the action of mechanical forces increases its leaching efficiencies in the citric acid solution.The proposed process was found efficiently to recover Co and Li from LiCoO_(2).
基金Project (No. 2004C31058) supported by the National NaturalScience Foundation of China
文摘The interaction in two mixtures of a nonionic surfactant AEO9 (C12H25O(CH2CH2O)9H) and different ionic surfactants was investigated. The two mixtures were AEO9/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and AEO9/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at molar fraction of AEO9, A EO9 α =0.5. The surface properties of the surfactants, critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) and minimum area per molecule at the air/solution interface (Amin) were determined for both individual surfactants and their mixtures. The significant deviations from ideal behavior (attractive interactions) of the nonionic/ionic surfactant mixtures were determined. Mixtures of both AEO9/SDS and AEO9/CTAB exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction efficiency and mixed micelle formation, but neither exhibited synergism in surface tension reduction effectiveness.
文摘Nitrogen implantation in silicon substrate at fixed energy of 35keV and split dose of 10 14～5×10 14cm -2 is performed before gate oxidation.The experiment results indicate that with the increasing of implantation dose of nitrogen,oxidation rate of gate decreases.The retardation in oxide growth is weakened due to thermal annealing after nitrogen implantation.After nitrogen is implanted at the dose of 2×10 14cm -2,initial O 2 injection method which is composed of an O 2 injection/N 2 annealing/main oxidation,is applied for preparation of 3 4nm gate oxide.Compared with the control process,which is composed of N 2 annealing/main oxidation,initial O 2 injection process suppresses leakage current of the gate oxide.But Q bd and HF C-V characteristics are almost identical for the samples fabricated by two different oxidation processes.
