离子界面反应对土壤孔隙状况的影响机制

[目的]分析不同价态离子对土壤颗粒表面电荷性质、颗粒间净作用力的变化规律,阐明离子界面颗粒的相互作用对孔隙状况的影响机制。[方法]利用工业CT扫描技术,对不同价态离子条件下的土壤孔隙状况进行测定,并分析了其形成的土壤孔隙特征差异。[结果]①Mg^(2+)体系下土体中孔隙数量远大于Na^(+)体系孔隙数量,为其1.43倍,其中,>1 mm孔隙数量分别占1.43%,1.06%。②Mg^(2+),Na^(+)体系土体中>1 mm土壤孔隙体积占所有孔隙体积比例分别为50.4%,40.2%;而且,Mg^(2+)体系下土体中>1 mm土壤孔隙体积是Na^(+)体系的1.42倍,Na^(+),Mg^(2+)体系土体中土壤孔隙度分别为2.06%,2.35%。③随着Na^(+),Mg^(2+)浓度升高,紫色土的表面电位分别从-391.7 mV降至-96.7 mV,从-167.3 mV降至-67.0 mV。在相同浓度下,紫色土表面电位(绝对值)表现为Na^(+)大于Mg^(2+)。④随着Na^(+),Mg^(2+)浓度的升高,土壤颗粒间净作用力呈减小规律,在同一浓度下,Mg^(2+)体系下紫色土颗粒间静电斥力小于Na^(+)体系,同时,在Na^(+),Mg^(2+)体系下,紫色土胶体颗粒间表现为净引力的临界浓度值分别为0.1 mol/L,0.005 mol/L。[结论]Na^(+),Mg^(2+)通过改变紫色土颗粒表面电荷性质,进而引起土壤颗粒间相互作用力发生变化,最终影响土壤的孔隙状况。

Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites reinforced with novel Al/CuFe multi-layered core-shell particles

Aluminum matrix composites(AMCs), reinforced with novel pre-synthesized Al/Cu Fe multi-layered coreshell particles, were fabricated by different consolidation techniques to investigate their effect on microstructure and mechanical properties. To synthesize multi-layered Al/Cu Fe core-shell particles, Cu and Fe layers were deposited on Al powder particles by galvanic replacement and electroless plating method, respectively. The core-shell powder and sintered compacts were characterized by using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX), pycnometer, microhardness and compression tests. The results revealed that a higher extent of interfacial reactions, due to the transformation of the deposited layer into intermetallic phases in spark plasma sintered composite, resulted in high relative density(99.26%), microhardness(165 HV0.3) and strength(572 MPa). Further, the presence of un-transformed Cu in the shell structure of hot-pressed composite resulted in the highest fracture strain(20.4%). The obtained results provide stronger implications for tailoring the microstructure of AMCs through selecting appropriate sintering paths to control mechanical properties.

Facial synthesis of highly stable and bright CsPbX(X=Cl,Br,I)perovskite nanocrystals via an anion exchange at the water-oil interface

Cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)have attracted unprecedented attention owing to their compelling properties for optoelectronic applications.Compared with the classical hot-injection method,the roomtemperature(RT)synthetic strategy is more facile and tender,but it is hard to obtain stable CsPbI3 NCs and it usually uses polar solvents that sometimes reduce the stability and properties of NCs.Here,we reported a simple approach to synthesize highly efficient and stable CsPbI3 as well as other colortunable CsPbX3 NCs with high quantum efficiency at room temperature via an anion exchange at the water-oil interface,in which the as-synthesized pristine CsPbBr3 NCs in toluene were treated in aqueous solutions of HX(X=Cl,Br,and I)and protonated oleylamine(OAm)acted as a carrier.The synthesized CsPbI3 NCs had an emission at 680 nm and even showed excellent colloidal stability after being stored for 32 d.The high efficiency and stability of the obtained CsPbX3 NCs were ascribed to the facts that:(ⅰ)the polar reagents were almost removed from the surface of NCs;(ⅱ)the defect-related nonradiative recombination was suppressed efficiently by surface passivation.