古劳咏春拳黐离手应敌拆招

古劳咏春拳是梁赞祖师爷在咏春拳的基础上，结合其一生习武的经验创立的，只有散手黐手、离手对拆法，并无木人桩训练，是一种正身侧身合一的咏春拳。其理法与佛山咏春拳一样，但训练方法和风格有所不同，两者各有侧重。梁赞祖师近花甲之年，返回广东鹤山古劳村“养老”时，将此拳传给乡人黄华三，黄华三又将此拳传给亲戚冯廉、

基于扭矩识别方向盘离手的研究

为了提高车辆行驶的安全系数,提出一种基于转向扭矩辅助识别方向盘离手的监测策略。对转向传动系统影响扭矩识别方向盘离手的因素进行了分析,设置了基于转向扭矩辅助的设计及控制逻辑,并通过计算分析和测试的验证。结果表明;该设置策略的逻辑及控制方法在车辆高级辅助功能激活的工况下,可以实现方向盘离手辅助提示功能,为方向盘离手辅助提示提供了开发设计方法。

电容式离手检测方向盘BCI失效整改研究

随着自动驾驶技术的逐渐成熟,针对L2+辅助驾驶的应用,越来越多的车辆上已经搭载感应式方向盘,用来检测驾驶员手持方向盘的情况。主流的方案大部分是基于人体的电容模型,通过将感应式电容垫子布置在方向盘轮毂上,通过检测手持在方向盘上的电容变化,检测人手是否扶在方向盘上。但是目前电容式传感器技术在EMC抗干扰试验中又非常易出现失效,本文针对主流的离手检测方向盘产品,提出一种EMC传导抗干扰BCI测试的整改研究方法,通过对BCI失效问题的整改和测试,解决电容型离手检测方向盘测试不通过的问题,优化产品性能,改善工程实践中电容式离手检测方向盘的电磁干扰性能差的缺点,已经在多个量产项目中得到验证和应用。

高稳定性有机硅-丙烯酸微乳液的合成

采用2种非离子表面活性剂复配成乳化剂和助乳化剂,用以提高有机硅改性丙烯酸微乳液的稳定性,并对微乳液的稳定性和反应转化率等进行了考察。结果表明,该方法制备的微乳液稳定性好、透光度高。

Enantioseparation of Several PharmaceuticalRacemates with High PerformanceCapillary electrophoresis

With high performance capillary electrophoresis using -cyclodextrin or its deriveatives as the chiral selectors, five pairs of drug enantiomers were separated, The PH of the back- gmund electrolyte and the chiral selector concentrations were optimized; and the effect of organic modifier on separation of chlorpheniramine enantiomers was also inver

Study on Capillary Zone Electrophoretic Separation of Chlorpheniramine Enantiomers with β-Cyclodextrin

The chlorpheniramine enantiomers were separated with capillary zone electrophoresis using β-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector.The effects of the concentration of β-cyclodextrin, the electrolyte pH and organic modifier(urea) on the difference in apparent electrophoretic mobilities of the enantiomels were investigated.

汽车方向盘造型设计的工程约束研究

方向盘作为汽车中重要的零部件,集成了手握持类、安全类、操作类三大类功能,但承载每个功能的零部件由于自身结构、尺寸、性能等要求,对方向盘的造型设计有各种工程约束。主要对汽车方向盘造型设计的工程约束进行研究,总结出方向盘造型设计中相关的量化工程约束边界,并探讨打破边界重构工程约束以实现造型意图的可行性,为方向盘做出更有突破的造型设计提供可行性的工程支撑。

Direct Optical Resolution of Chiral Pesticides by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Enantiomer separation is one of the most important prerequisites for the investigation of environmental enantioselective behavior for chiral pesticides.The enantiomeric separation of three chiral pesticides,indoxacarb,lambda-cyhalothrin,and simeconazole,were studied on cellulose tris-(3,5-dimethylphenyl-carbamate)-coated chiral stationary phase(CDMPC-CSP) using high-performance liquid chromatography under normal phase condition.The effects of chromatographic conditions,such as the mobile phase composition including the concentration and type of alcohol modifiers in hexane,flow rate and column temperature,on enantiomer separation were examined.The thermodynamical mechanism of enantioseparation and chiral recognition mechanism were discussed.Better separation were achieved using 20% n-propanol for indoxacarb,2% iso-butanol for lambda-cyhalothrin,and 20% iso-propanol for simeconazole as modifiers in hexane at 25℃ with the selectivity factor(a) of 1.69,1.82 and 1.70,respectively.The resolution factor(Rs) decreased as the flow rate increased from 0.4 to 1.1 ml·min-1.The retention factor(k') and selectivity factor for the enantiomers of analytes decreased as temperature increased.The lna-1/T plots for racemic chiral pesticides were linear in the range of 15-35℃ in hexane/iso-propanol and the chiral separation was controlled by enthalpy.Hydrogen bonding,π-π and dipole-dipole interactions between enantiomers and CDMPC-CSP play an important role in chiral identification,and the fitting of the asymmetric portion of solutes in a chiral cavity or channel of the CSP is also important.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer:Quo vadis?

The diagnosis of early gastric cancer(EGC) is of great interest because its endoscopic and surgical treatment presents the best chance for a cure.With technical development,endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) has been widely performed for the curative treatment of EGC in Korea.Multinational studies of ESD for EGC will be the next missions that overcome these limitations and global guidelines will be processed for ESD for EGC.

Chiral Separation of Chlorpheniramine by Capillary Electrophoresis *L

Aim To study the chiral separation of chlorpheniramine(Chp) by using a mixture of β CD and glutamate β CD as the chiral additive in CE. Methods Mixture of β cyclodextrin and glutamate β cyclodextrin was used as a chiral selector to the separation of chlorpheniramine. The effects of the concentrations of β cyclodextrin and glutamate β cyclodextrin, the voltage and the pH of buffers on the separation of chlorpheniramine were studied. Results The chiral recognization of the mixed chiral selector was better than that of a single selector. At pH below 4, the pH of buffers did not affect the separation and the separation of chlorpheniramine had good reproducibility. Conclusion Using a mixture of β CD and Glu β CD as chiral selector is useful for the enantioseparation of Chp in CE.

Enantioselective Degradation of Rac-Metolachlor and S-Metolachlor in Soil

Separation of chiral enantiomers and the dissipation of rac-metolachlor and S-metolachlor in soil were evaluated using achiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and chiral gas chromatography (GC) methods. Under the experimental conditions the possible metabolite was considered to be N-(2-ethyl-6-methyl-phenyl)-2-hydroxy-acetamide. Because of the presence of two chiral elements (asymmetrically substituted carbon and chiral axis), the baseline separation of metolachlor enantiomers was not achieved. S-metolachlor degraded faster in soil than rac-metolachlor. After a 42-day incubation, 73.4% of rac-metolachlor and 90.0% of S-metolachlor were degraded. However, due to the absence of biological processes the degradation process in sterilized soil showed no enantioselectivity. The results indicated that enantioselective degradations could greatly affect the environmental fate of metolachlor and should be considered when the environmental behavior of these compounds was assessed.

A Non-linear Non-ideal Model of Simulated Moving Bed Chromatography for Chiral Separations

A non-linear non-ideal model, taking into account non-linear competitive isotherms, axial dispersion, film mass transfer, intraparticle diffusion, and port periodic switching, was developed to simulate the dynamics of simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC). The model equations were solved by a new efficient numerical technique of orthogonal collocation on finite elements with periodical movement of concentration vector. The simulated SMBC performance is in accordance with the experimental results reported in the literature for separation of l,1'-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers using SMBC. This model is useful for design, operation, optimization and scale-up of non-linear SMBC for chiral separations with significant non-ideal effects, especially for high solute concentration and small intraparticle diffusion coefficient or large chiral stationary phase particle.

Chiral Separation of Ibuprofen by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

The separation method using chiral stationary phase （CSP） for the preparation of enantioselective compound was widely used. In this work, supercritical fluid chromatography（SFC） was proposed to resolve the chiral mixtures. To determine the optimum operating conditions for the chiral separation of the racemic ibuprofen, the retention factors and resolutions with the change in pressure, temperature and the content of IPA （%, by volume） in supercritical CO2 were investigated. Experiments showed that the retention factor decreased with the increase of pressure and decrease in temperature. The retention factor was also influenced by the content of IPA in mobile phase, as the content of IPA in the supercritical fluid increased, the retention factor decreased. The resolution of the enantiomers became worse with the increase of IPA in the supercritical fluid. Through optimizing the experimental conditions, a SFC procedure with 13MPa, 311.15K and 4% IPA in CO2 was obtained. The peak shape of the enantiomers was symmetric with supercritical fluid chromatography when compared to the asymmetric peak shape obtained by the conventional liquid chromatography. This work demonstrated that the developed supercritical fluid chromatography procedure was suitable for the chiral separation of ibuprofen enantiomers.

Mathematical modeling of salt-gradient ion-exchange simulated moving bed chromatography for protein separations

The salt-gradient operation mode used in ion-exchange simulated moving bed chromatography (SMBC) can improve the efficiency of protein separations. A detailed model that takes into account any kind of adsorption/ion-exchange equilibrium, salt gradient, size exclusion, mass transfer resistance, and port periodic switching mechanism, was developed to simulate the complex dynamics. The model predictions were verified by the experimental data on upward and downward gradients for protein separations reported in the literature. All design and operating parameters (number, configuration, length and diameter of columns, particle size, switching period, flow rates of feed, raffinate, desorbent and extract, protein concentrations in feed, different salt concentrations in desorbent and feed) can be chosen correctly by numerical simulation. This model can facilitate the design, operation, optimization, control and scale-up of salt-gradient ion-exchange SMBC for protein separations.

Enantioselective extraction of mandelic acid enantiomers based on chiral ligand exchange

Based on the chiral ligand exchange, the distribution behavior of mandelic acid enantiomers, and the partition of Cu2+ at different pH values were studied in a water/alcohol two-phase system containing Cu2+ and N-n-（dodecyl-L-proline（A）.） The influences of the solvent sort, the pH value, the concentrations of Cu2+ and chiral ligand on the partition coefficient（K） and separation factor（α） were discussed. The experimental results show that the A formed has more stable ternary complex with D-mandelic acid enantiomer than with L-mandelic acid enantiomer. There is an important influence of the pH value on K and α. When the pH values are less than 3.5, the formation of binary complexes is thermodynamically unfavourable. K and α become maximum when pH values are above 3.5 and the molar ratio of the chiral ligand to Cu2+ is 2∶1.

Bio-inspired enantioseparation for chiral compounds

Biomacromolecules including protein and nucleic acids are considered as promising chiral selectors in the fields of enantioselective separation, owing to their inherent chirality, polymorphous structures, stable physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility as well as susceptible modification and regulation. In this review, firstly,enantioselective recognition mechanism of proteins and nucleic acids toward different enantiomers is discussed,as well as their potential applications on the chiral separation of racemic compounds. Secondly, preparative enantioseparation adopting biomolecule-modified hybrid materials including porous microspheres, magnetic nanoparticles and affinity membranes, are introduced respectively. Finally, novel chiroptical materials constructed on the basis of chiral induction, transfer, amplification and transcription, are recognized as promising candidates in future applications.

Predictive factors of endoscopic submucosal dissection procedure time for gastric superficial neoplasia

AIM:To identify the determinants of endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) operation time.METHODS:This investigation was conducted as a single-center,prospective study in which ESD was performed by the same endoscopist at the Chinese PLA General Hospital.A total of 173 patients underwent ESD operations performed by Dr.Lu from July 2007 to December 2011,and 183 lesions were enrolled.Patient gender,age,tumor location,gross type,tumor size,pathological type and adhesions were recorded prospectively.The order of treatment represented the experience of the operator.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were performed to evaluate the relationships between these factors and ESD procedure time.RESULTS:Univariate analysis showed the ESD time was closely related to the gender(P = 0.0210),tumor size(P < 0.0001),location(P < 0.0001),gross type(P < 0.0001) and adhesion(P = 0.0010).The surgical proficiency level was associated with ESD time in unit area(P < 0.0001).Multivariate analysis revealed that the ESD time was positively correlated with tumor size(P < 0.0001),adhesion(P < 0.0001) and location(P < 0.0001),but negatively correlated with surgical proficiency level(P = 0.0046).CONCLUSION:Large tumor size,adjacency to the cardia,and adhesion are predictors of a long ESD time,whereas high surgical proficiency level predicts a short ESD time.

Study of Remote Monitoring and Maintenance Guiding Technique Based on LabVIEW for Machining Centers

The virtual instruments （VIs）, as a new type of instrument based on computer, has many advanced attractive characteristics. This research is based on Vls, and brings condition monitoring and knowledge-based maintenance support together through an integrated （including hate.met, ASP. NET, XML tochnique, Vls） network environme~. Within the enviromnent, machining centers operators, engineers or managers can share real-time data through the browser-based interface and minimize machining centers downtime by providing status monitoring and remote maintenance guiding from service centers.

Efficacy of surgical resection in management of isolated extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To clarify the benefit of surgical excision for patients with extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 140 patients with pathologically proven extrahepatic metastases of HCC and evaluated the outcomes of those who had undergone surgical resection(SR)for extrahepatic metastatic lesions.Prognoses made on the basis of extrahepatic metastatic sites were also examined. RESULTS:The survival rates of patients who underwent SR of extrahepatic metastases were significantly better than those of patients who did not receive SR. For the SR group,1-and 3-year survival rates were 24%and 7%,respectively,while for the non-resection group,the survival rates were 8%and 0%,respec- tively(P<0.0001).Survival rates related to metastatic sites were also significantly superior after SR of extrahepatic metastases:median survivals were 32 mo with lung metastasis,10 mo with bone metastasis,6.1 mo with brain metastasis. CONCLUSION:SR can provide survival benefits forpatients with 1 or 2 isolated extrahepatic metastases and who concurrently exhibit good hepatic functional reserve and general performance status as well as successful treatment of intrahepatic HCC.

CTUNING:A REUSE DISTANCE BASED CACHE PERFORMANCE TUNING TOOL

Cache performance tuning tools are conducive to develop program with good locality and fully use cache to decrease the influence caused by speed gap between processor and memory. This paper introduces the design and implementation of a cache performance tuning tool named CTuning, which employs a source level instrumentation method to gather program data access information, and uses a limited reuse distance model to analyze cache behavior. Experiments on 183.equake improve average performance more than 6% and show that CTuning is proficient not only in locating cache performance bottlenecks to guide manual code transformation, but also in analyzing cache behavior relationship among variables, thus to direct manual data reorganization.