对形变压力的认识--隧道围岩挤压性变形问题探讨

在高地应力背景下,隧道开挖造成岩体应力大幅度变化,软弱围岩松弛阶段的变形将达到很大的量级,这就是挤压性大变形的本质所在。国际隧协曾归纳总结的隧道结构设计模型中的"收敛-约束"模型可以十分贴切地说明支护和围岩在松弛变形发展过程中的相互作用。支护在同围岩共同变形中承受的荷载有别于隧道设计规范中规定的由离散岩体重量产生的"离散压力",可以称为"形变压力"。囿于对离散压力荷载的认识,很难找到处治挤压性大变形的合理途径。文章从形变压力的特性出发,对挤压性围岩隧道工程中的若干问题进行探讨,着重论述通过围岩变形的适度释放来缓解形变压力的处治理念以及与之相应的可让型支护和岩体锚固技术。

有限流道内低雷诺数二维圆柱绕流数值模拟

为揭示尾迹流场特性及其演化规律,采用多块辐射型网格,以计算流体力学软件FLUENT为平台,对有限流道内低雷诺数二维圆柱绕流进行数值模拟,讨论压力速度耦合算法、压力离散格式和动量方程离散格式对模拟结果的影响。研究结果表明:动量方程离散格式对数值模拟误差的形成起主要作用,较佳数值模拟算法为SIMPLEC压力速度耦合、二阶压力离散和QUICK动量方程离散的组合。尾迹流场中静压在沿轴向2.6～12倍流道宽度范围内波动较显著;并且随着流速增大,轴向压降最大点越靠近圆柱,径向静压幅度变化越大。

QYJ3-125V型气加压摇架的纺纱性能

介绍了QYJ3 125V型气加压摇架的主要性能特点和技术参数;并通过在FA506 FT细纱机上与国产仿依纳(INA)公司DA2122P型气加压摇架的纺纱质量对比试验,表明QYJ3 125V型气加压摇架的纺纱质量明显优于同类摇架,是一种值得推广应用的摇架。

Carvedilol suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in a pressure over-load rabbit model through relieving transmural dispersion of repolarization with long-term administration

Objective： To investigate the effects of carvedilol （CVD） on transmural dispersion of repolarization（TDR） and arrhythmia in pressure over-load rabbits. Methods： Left ventricular hypertrophied（LVH） rabbit models were established by pressure over-load; All animal models were assigned into CVD group or LVH group randomly. The action potentials of endocardium, cpicardium and transmural ECG of arterially perfused left ventricular preparations were recorded concurrently. Action potential duration （APD）, TDR, ventricular arrhythmia and ultrasonic parameters, ratio of LVM to body weight （LVMI） were compared correspondingly. The stable plasma concentration of carvedilol in CVD group was detected by HPLC. APD, TDR and arrhythmia of LVH models were compared just preor post-perfusion with stable concentration of CVD. Results： In Contrast with values in LVH group, LVEFof CVD group were significantly elevated while the LVMI was remarkably reduced, TDRs were significantly shortened, and ratio of ventricular arrhythmia was lowered remarkably. No significant difference of APD, TDR and ratio of arrhythmia was found preor post-perfusion at stable plasma concentration of CVD. Conclusion： CVD can ameliorate the structure and function of pressure over-load ventricles; CVD contributes to the improvement of ventricular arrhythmia associated with its long-term effect on APD,TDR shortening ,whereas has nothing to do with its transient function on ionic channel blockade

Discrete element method of improved performance of railway ballast bed using elastic sleeper

With the development of high-speed and heavy-haul railway in China, problems like insufficient thickness of ballast bed and overlarge track stiffness are obvious. Ballast may break into small particles and their contact status will deteriorate under cyclic loading, resulting in ballast degradation. Discrete element method(DEM) was used to research improved performance of ballast bed using elastic sleeper. Clusters were generated by bonding spheres to model real ballasts, while broken bonds were utilized to distinguish breakage. Two kinds of ballast beds with elastic sleeper and conventional sleeper were established, respectively. After applying cyclic loading to the models, differences of mechanical properties between two models were analyzed by contrasting their dynamic behavior indexes, such as particle contact force, sleeper settlement, vibration velocity and acceleration, breakage characteristic. The results illustrate that compared with conventional sleeper, elastic sleeper increases sleeper settlement, while reduces ballast vibration and contact force between particles, which could depress ballast breakage.

Location of anemometer along Lanzhou-Xinjiang railway

Using structured mesh to discretize the calculation region, the wind velocity and pressure distribution in front of the wind barrier under different embankment heights are investigated based on the Detached Eddy Simulation(DES) with standard SpalartAllmaras(SA) model. The Reynolds number is 4.0×105 in this calculation. The region is three-dimensional. Since the wind barrier and trains are almost invariable cross-sections, only 25 m along the track is modeled. The height of embankment ranges from 1 m to 5 m and the wind barrier is 3 m high. The results show that the wind speed changes obviously before the wind barrier on the horizontal plane, which is 4.5 m high above the track. The speed of wind reduces gradually while approaching the wind barrier. It reaches the minimum value at a distance about 5 m before the wind barrier, and increases dramatically afterwards. The speed of wind at this location is linear with the speed of far field. The train aerodynamic coefficients decrease sharply with the increment of the embankment height. And they take up the monotonicity. Meanwhile, when the height increases from 3 m to 5 m, they just change slightly. It is concluded that the optimum anemometer location is nearly 5 m in front of the wind barrier.

Static characteristics of new type externally pressurized spherical air bearings

In order to provide some theoretical guideline for the structure design of the new type externally pressurized spherical air bearings,the static characteristics and the factors affecting the static characteristics of the air bearings were analyzed.A finite volume method was adopted to discretize the three-dimensional steady-state compressible Navier-Stokes equations,and a modified SIMPLE algorithm for compressible fluid was applied to solve the discretized governing equations.The pressure field and velocity field of the air bearings were obtained,and the factors and rules affecting the static characteristics were analyzed.The results show that the pressure of near air intakes can reach above 80% of air supply pressure,and there is a pressure steep fall around the air intakes.When the film thickness is greater than 20 μm,the bearing capacity rapidly decreases as film thickness increases.As the air supply pressure increases from 0.2 to 0.6 MPa,the maximum static stiffness increases by more than three times.The calculation method proposed well fits the general principle,which can be extended to the characteristic analysis of other air bearings.

Advances of the Vertical Directional Solidification Technique for the Growth of High Quality GaSb Bulk Crystals

Advantages of the detached phenomena have influenced researchers to modify the conventional methods to promote it on the earth. Since 1994, the vertical directional solidification （VDS） technique has been employed for the growth of bulk crystals, without the seed, without contact to the ampoule wall, without coating and without external pressure. An automated furnace was designed and fabricated for the controlled temperature gradients, growth conditions and parameters. The typical ingots growths of GaSb have shown the gap of 20 μm-145 μm and mobility μn = 1125 cm^2/V.sec at 300 K. Mobility is highest and five times larger than the attached growths. Dislocation density is the order of 104/cm2 in the conical region, decreases in the direction of growth, and in many crystals reached less than 103/cm2. The spontaneous gap formation due to the meniscus depends on the pressure differences and thermal state. GaSb grown ingots have shown progress in the properties of crystal grown ever, and attributed to reduce thermal stress without contact to the ampoule wall.

Control of Secondary Flow in a Low Solidity Circular Cascade Diffuser

According to the previous experimental works on the low solidity circular cascade diffuser (LSD), a pressure recovery of a centrifugal blower was improved by the LSD significantly in a wide range of flow rate, and the pres-sure recovery was improved further by the LSD with a tandem cascade in comparison with the LSD with a sin-gle-row cascade. In the present study, the flow behavior in the LSD with the tandem cascade has been analyzed numerically by using the commercial CFD code of ANSYS-CFX12. It was shown clearly that the higher pressure recovery was achieved by applying the LSD with the tandem cascade, and the high pressure recovery is based on the high pressure rise in the vaneless space upstream of the LSD and the high blade loading of the front blade of the LSD. The high pressure recovery in the LSD could be achieved by controlling the flow separation on the suc-tion surface of the front blade and also on that of the rear blade due to formation of the favorable secondary flow and due to increase in mass flow passing through the slit section between the front and rear blades.