一种基于离散小波基的压缩传感测量矩阵优化方法

测量矩阵优化是压缩传感理论(CS)研究的重要内容,基于离散小波基,提出一种测量矩阵优化算法.根据离散小波变换的系数分布特点,构建优化矩阵来对原测量矩阵系数进行调整,提高了采样效率,同时降低了测量矩阵列向量的相干性.理论分析和实验验证表明,该优化算法对压缩传感中常用测量矩阵进行优化后,其重建效果都有所提高,特别是在低采样率的条件下,优化效果明显.经过验证,优化后的测量矩阵满足有限等距特性(RIP).

基于盲压缩感知模型的图像重构方法

为了解决压缩感知重建中噪声引起图像质量明显下降的问题,研究了自适应学习的压缩感知模型,提出了一种盲压缩感知图像重构方法。该方法采用盲压缩感知的稀疏矩阵与稀疏基交替更新的思想,应用了图像冗余变换和初始组合余弦变换基相结合的迭代策略,解决了压缩感知中的稀疏基难于表示的问题,抑制了噪声,提高了图像重构质量。通过实验验证所提方法较基于小波变换的正交匹配追踪方法和全变差方法有明显的噪声抑制功能,且能保持较好的图像纹理信息。

基于稀疏复原算法的风电并网电压闪变包络线提取

闪变包络线检测是分析电压波动与闪变的关键。IEC推荐的平方检测法在闪变低频段的包络线提取误差较大,不适合风力发电并网产生的电压闪变包络线提取。文中针对风电并网引起的电压闪变问题,提出了基于稀疏复原算法的闪变包络线提取方法。以电压闪变信号的极值点作为观测序列,根据闪变包络线低频段较平稳的变化特性,构造变频宽的离散余弦变换基,利用正交匹配追踪算法还原出最佳闪变包络线。通过对单一频率闪变、复合频率闪变、基波频率变动、谐波及噪声影响的电压闪变信号进行分析,表明了该算法提取闪变包络线的准确性。最后,通过对张北柔直电网中新能源风电场实测的电压波动信号进行分析,进一步验证了所提算法提取风电并网引起的电压闪变包络线的可行性与有效性。

基于压缩传感和自适应Lp范数的ECT图像重建算法研究（英文）

针对传统电容层析成像存在流型辨识方法识别率较低和需要大量数据的问题,提出一种基于压缩感知理论的流型识别方法。首先利用离散余弦DCT基对原始图像灰度信号进行稀疏化处理,再利用随机高斯矩阵进行观测。可以利用少量数据精确重构出原始信号,减少了采样时间;同时在成像算法中为避免L1范数正则化需要大量数据和L0范数优化的NP问题,引入自适应Lp(0<p<1)范数正则化作为惩罚项,可以根据输入数据不同自主选择最优参数,既可以产生一个稀疏的解,又能减少数据冗余。实验仿真数据表明:基于压缩传感和自适应Lp范数算法的图像质量优于正则化和SVD方法,在节省采样时间的基础上提高了图像质量。

二维氢原子中的基态奇异特性数值精确对角化法

利用数值有限差分法处理二维氢原子的基态波函数时,计算结果发现其存在着数值奇异特性.本文通过构造一套具有正交完备性的离散贝塞尔基函数,并结合基于Lanczos技术的数值精确对角化方法研究二维氢原子中的基态波函数的数值奇异特性,得到的波函数数值解及其相应的本征能量均与解析结果相一致.这套新的完备的离散贝塞尔基函数,可以在研究一些波函数具有数值奇异特性的体系中发挥至关重要的作用.

行阶梯观测矩阵、对偶仿射尺度内点重构算法下的语音压缩感知

基于语音信号在离散余弦域上的近似稀疏性,针对采用随机高斯观测矩阵及线性规划方法进行语音压缩感知与重构时,重构零(近似零)系数定位能力差而导致重构效果不好的缺点,本文提出一种新的行阶梯矩阵做观测矩阵,用对偶仿射尺度内点重构算法对语音进行压缩感知与重构,并对该算法下的重构性能进行理论分析.语音压缩感知仿真结果表明,在离散余弦基下,压缩比(观测序列与原始序列样值数之比)为1∶4时,行阶梯观测矩阵下的平均重构信噪比比随机高斯观测矩阵下提高9.73dB,平均MOS分比随机高斯观测矩阵下提高1.22分.

正交散斑鬼成像

鬼成像是一种非定域成像方法。相比传统成像,其抗环境干扰能力更强,但存在着所需的测量次数过多和成像质量不高的问题。提出了一种基于正交散斑的关联成像方案,通过使用离散余弦散斑照射物体和重建算法获得物体图像。研究结果表明该方案可以有效提高成像质量,减少测量次数。该方案本质上是根据物体的先验信息选取照射的物体散斑,是一种对散斑的优化方法,具有操作简便、效果显著的优势,可促进未来关联成像的实用化发展。

典则TSVD方法的两种有效数值实现方式的比较

典则TSVD方法是求解线性不适定问题的一个好正则化方法,而采用二分法结合反迭代法能有效数值实现典则TSVD方法.选取均匀性的基和继承性的基两种不同的离散基,应用上述方法对同一个问题进行了有效数值实现,结果显示采用均匀性的基进行有效数值实现得到的结果较好.

图像数据的混沌模式的提取与表达

研究以离散余弦变换(DCT)基函数作为辅助函数,结合序列灰度图像构造动力系统,然后迭代得到轨迹点集合(近似的吸引子);使用该吸引子能够将视频图像的不同场景鉴别出来,用于视频分段裁剪等。使用多个DCT基函数矩阵,分别与一个图像构造动力系统,生成多个近似吸引子,这些吸引子可以作为图像的特征,用于图像识别,也可以重构原图像。

含噪语音压缩感知自适应快速重构算法

本文针对含噪语音压缩感知在低信噪比时重构语音性能差的问题,提出了一种自适应快速重构算法。该算法将行阶梯观测矩阵与一种新型的快速重构算法结合,并根据含噪语音信号的信噪比自适应选择最佳重构参数,使得在重构语音的同时提高了重构信噪比。算法实现简单快速,且不需要预先计算信号的稀疏度。实验结果表明:在低信噪比时,自适应快速重构算法的重构性能优于基追踪算法和快速重构算法,且重构速度快于快速重构算法和基追踪算法。

Seismic data denoising based on learning-type overcomplete dictionaries

The transform base function method is one of the most commonly used techniques for seismic denoising, which achieves the purpose of removing noise by utilizing the sparseness and separateness of seismic data in the transform base function domain. However, the effect is not satisfactory because it needs to pre-select a set of fixed transform-base functions and process the corresponding transform. In order to find a new approach, we introduce learning-type overcomplete dictionaries, i.e., optimally sparse data representation is achieved through learning and training driven by seismic modeling data, instead of using a single set of fixed transform bases. In this paper, we combine dictionary learning with total variation （TV） minimization to suppress pseudo-Gibbs artifacts and describe the effects of non-uniform dictionary sub-block scale on removing noises. Taking the discrete cosine transform and random noise as an example, we made comparisons between a single transform base, non-learning-type, overcomplete dictionary and a learning-type overcomplete dictionary and also compare the results with uniform and nonuniform size dictionary atoms. The results show that, when seismic data is represented sparsely using the learning-type overcomplete dictionary, noise is also removed and visibility and signal to noise ratio is markedly increased. We also compare the results with uniform and nonuniform size dictionary atoms, which demonstrate that a nonuniform dictionary atom is more suitable for seismic denoising.

Kinematic analysis of geosynthetics-reinforced steep slopes with curved sloping surfaces and under earthquake regions

A procedure of kinematic analysis is presented in this study to assess the reinforcement force of geosynthetics required under seismic loadings, particularly for steep slopes which are hardly able to maintain its stability. Note that curved sloping surfaces widely exist in natural slopes, but existing literatures were mainly focusing on a planar surface in theoretical derivation, due to complicated calculations. Moreover, the non-uniform soil properties cannot be accounted for in conventional upper bound analysis. Pseudo-dynamic approach is used to represent horizontal and vertical accelerations which vary with time and space. In an effort to resolve the above problems, the discretization technique is developed to generate a discretized failure mechanism, decomposing the whole failure block into various components. An elementary analysis permits calculations of rates of work done by external and internal forces. Finally, the upper bound solution of the required reinforcement force is formulated based on the work rate-based balance equation. A parametric study is carried out to give insights on the implication of influential factors on the performance of geosynthetic-reinforced steep slopes.

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL PLUG INSIDE SUCTION FOUNDATIONS DURING SUCTION PENETRATION BY DISCRETE ELEMENT METHOD

The phenomenon of the soil plug usually rising inside the suction foundations during suction penetration was quantitatively described and predicted. The formation process of the soil plug was simulated and calculated by DEM （discrete element method） model. The seepage flow, the self-weight of soil, the friction on the chamber wall as well as the suction inside the chamber are considered as the main external forces in the process. The results are compared with a set of laboratory model tests performed by using three soil types （sand, silty clay and clay） in the Bohai Sea area. The heights of soil plug from numerical estimations are lower than those from model test results, mainly because the suction pressure and friction resistance are applied in an ideal way under the numerical simulation.

New model for deducing directional extrema based on multivariate extremum statistical theory

The parameters of principal and directional extrema in a marine environment are important in marine engineering design, especially for appropriate construction of oceanic platforms and other structures. When designing wave walls and break water structures, the orientation of the breakwater or seawall depends mainly on the direction of the strongest waves. However, the strength of the breakwater and the elevation of the seawall depend on the magnitude of the biggest wave height of the strongest waves. Thus, identification of directional extrema plays an important role in the design of wave factors. When calculating the directional extremum, different materials may require different specific computational methods, yet few theoretical studies have been conducted in this field of research. Based on multivariate extremnm statistical theory, this paper utilizes a discrete random variable to build a joint probability model compounded by a discrete random variable and a multivariate continuous random variable. Furthermore, this paper provides the first investigation on the theories and methodologies to deduce wave directional extrema. The results provide tools for both creating the calculation method of the directional extremum value and providing the rational directional extremum parameters for marine engineering design.

Permanent deformation and prediction model of construction and demolition waste under repeated loading

This study aims to reveal the macroscopic permanent deformation(PD)behavior and the internal structural evolution of construction and demolition waste(CDW)under loading.Firstly,the initial matric suction of CDW was measured by the filter paper method.Secondly,the PD of CDW with different humidity and stress states was investigated by repeated load triaxial tests,and a comprehensive prediction model was established.Finally,the discrete element method was performed to analyze the internal structural evolution of CDW during deformation.These results showed that the VAN-GENUCHTEN model could describe the soil-water characteristic curve of CDW well.The PD increases with the increase of the deviator stress and the number of cyclic loading,but the opposite trend was observed when the initial matric suction and confining pressure increased.The proposed model in this study provides a satisfactory prediction of PD.The discrete element method could accurately simulate the macroscopic PD of CDW,and the shear force,interlock force and sliding content increase with the increase of deviator stress during the deformation.The research could provide useful reference for the deformation stability analysis of CDW under cyclic loading.

ON THE SCATTERING OF ARBITRARY SHAPE MICROSTRIP PATCH

In this letter, discrete complex image method is employed to compute the Green's functions in the spatial domain, which improves the speed of evaluating the impedance matrix.The triangle vector basis function--RWG, is used to simulate the current distribution in order to compute the scattering properties of arbitrary shape microstrip patch without the staircase approximation. The numerical result shows the validity of the proposed method.

Bottleneck Prediction Method Based on Improved Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) in Semiconductor Manufacturing System

Semiconductor manufacturing (SM) system is one of the most complicated hybrid processes involved continuously variable dynamical systems and discrete event dynamical systems. The optimization and scheduling of semiconductor fabrication has long been a hot research direction in automation. Bottleneck is the key factor to a SM system, which seriously influences the throughput rate, cycle time, time-delivery rate, etc. Efficient prediction for the bottleneck of a SM system provides the best support for the consequent scheduling. Because categorical data (product types, releasing strategies) and numerical data (work in process, processing time, utilization rate, buffer length, etc.) have significant effect on bottleneck, an improved adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was adopted in this study to predict bottleneck since conventional neural network-based methods accommodate only numerical inputs. In this improved ANFIS, the contribution of categorical inputs to firing strength is reflected through a transformation matrix. In order to tackle high-dimensional inputs, reduce the number of fuzzy rules and obtain high prediction accuracy, a fuzzy c-means method combining binary tree linear division method was applied to identify the initial structure of fuzzy inference system. According to the experimental results, the main-bottleneck and sub-bottleneck of SM system can be predicted accurately with the proposed method.

Design of observer-based discrete repetitive-control system based on 2D model

A discrete observer-based repetitive control(RC) design method for a linear system with uncertainties was presented based on two-dimensional(2D) system theory. Firstly, a 2D discrete model was established to describe both the control behavior within a repetition period and the learning process taking place between periods. Next, by converting the designing problem of repetitive controller into one of the feedback gains of reconstructed variables, the stable condition was obtained through linear matrix inequality(LMI) and also the gain coefficient of repetitive system. Numerical simulation shows an exceptional feasibility of this proposal with remarkable robustness and tracking speed.

一类离散正交分段多项式及其应用

在离散的几何图形应用中,经常需要正交表示有突变或间断的几何图形,若采用连续的正交函数系(如三角函数系)必然会出现Gibbs现象,而用间断的Walsh函数系表示因其收敛速度慢而效果欠佳。从Tchebichef离散正交多项式出发,构造了一类分段点(N-1)/2p处的离散正交分段多项式基(discrete piecewise tchebichef basis,DPTB)。该类基函数既有平滑过渡的部分,又有间断突变的部分,因而可以用它较准确地表示由离散分段多项式建模的几何图形。给出了正交基的性质与构造实例。最后通过离散信号逼近仿真实验验证了该算法的可行性,实验结果表明该分段离散正交多项式基表示分段跳跃突变信号的结果明显优于离散余弦基。

A hybrid carboxylate-water decamer with a discrete octameric water moiety self-assembled in a 2D copper(Ⅱ) coordination polymer

An octameric water moiety which consists of a chairlike water hexamer and two pendent water molecules in the 1,4-diaxial positions and shows a similar structure to the hydrocarbon （lr,4r）-1,4-dimethylcyclohexane, is unambiguously trapped in a 2D Cu（II） mixed-ligand coordination polymer, {[Cu2（bpp）2（HzO）2（bpda）2]＇6H2O}n （1） （bpp = 1,3-bis（4-pyridyl）propane and H2bpda = 2,2＇-biphenyldicarboxylic acid）. The water octamer can be extended into a hybrid carboxylate-water decamer when carboxylic oxygen atoms from bpda2- are involved. Interestingly, the present hybrid decamer bears a similar structural topology to a butterfly （H2O）10 cluster. The reversible dehydration/hydration of 1 is determined by X-ray powder diffraction studies.