基于离散时差检测的流量计不同步计数误差补偿技术

为缩小计数误差、提高流量标准装置计量精度,基于离散时差检测提出一种无需信号预处理的流量计不同步计数误差补偿技术。首先,根据多工位流量计脉冲计数原理,提出基于时差检测的计数误差补偿机理;其次,根据流量计脉冲离散信号特性,推导得多工位脉冲计数误差补偿的离散形式;最后,在具有4台流量计的多工位流量计标准装置中实现工程应用,并进行模拟试验与工程应用试验。结果表明:在脉冲信号周期稳定的模拟试验中,经补偿后脉冲计数误差小于0.007 7个,在工程应用中,经补偿后脉冲计数误差小于0.043 2个。

DIGITAL PWM OF AC-AC MATRIX CONVERTER BASED ON OUTPUT-VOLTAGE ERROR FUNCTION

Based on the output-voltage error function, a novel time discrete modulation technique is proposed for matrix converters （MCs） and time-discrete difference equations of a MC circuit are derived. Switch states of MC are obtained when the output voltage error function is minimized, thus the optimum combination of switch states is derived for the closed-loop control of MC. Meanwhile, advantages of the least calculation workload, the simple process, and the convenient for implementation are brought while switch states are described as space vectors in the α-β coordination system. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the validity of the time-discrete modulation technique and the feasibility of the control approach.

Numerical analysis of multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method

We calculate the multicomponent responses of surface-hole transient electromagnetic method. The methods and models are unsuitable as geoelectric models of conductive surrounding rocks because they are based on regular local targets. We also propose a calculation and analysis scheme based on numerical simulations of the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields. In the modeling of the electromagnetic fields, the forward modeling simulations are performed by using the finite-difference time-domain method and the discrete image method, which combines the Gaver–Stehfest inverse Laplace transform with the Prony method to solve the initial electromagnetic fields. The precision in the iterative computations is ensured by using the transmission boundary conditions. For the response analysis, we customize geoelectric models consisting of near-borehole targets and conductive wall rocks and implement forward modeling simulations. The observed electric fields are converted into induced electromotive force responses using multicomponent observation devices. By comparing the transient electric fields and multicomponent responses under different conditions, we suggest that the multicomponent-induced electromotive force responses are related to the horizontal and vertical gradient variations of the transient electric field at different times. The characteristics of the response are determined by the varying the subsurface transient electromagnetic fields, i.e., diffusion, attenuation and distortion, under different conditions as well as the electromagnetic fields at the observation positions. The calculation and analysis scheme of the response consider the surrounding rocks and the anomalous field of the local targets. It therefore can account for the geological data better than conventional transient field response analysis of local targets.

近场地震快慢横波到时差测量离散辨析和改正

快慢横波到时差是地震物理预报的重要线索之一.长期以来由于快慢横波到时差的较大离散,横波观测到时差变化与地震发生过程中应力变化之间无法建立能被绝大多数观测结果证实的物理联系.快慢横波测量离散既可能来自观测台站下方地层结构和介质的各向异性差异,也可能来自数据处理过程.本文利用新西兰南岛北部KHZ台站从2013年1月到2017年1月的单台近震数据,在观测台站底部介质物性和结构基本稳定的前提下,基于横波偏振矢量分析和可视化方法对横波数据进行处理,对横波处理过程中引起快慢横波倒时差测量离散的频率滤波、距离归一化因素进行了逐一的对比,并对台站下方介质各向异性分层可能引起的多次分裂所表现出来的"假离散"现象进行了分析,由此给出了改正横波测量离散的方法.用"有效震源距"作为到时差归一化路径长度得到的横波归一化到时差随震源距变化的关系图清晰地展示出7.8级地震前后应力变化的空间范围和影响程度,是较大地震前后观测地区存在应力积累的明确标识.给出了确定横波分裂界面深度的方法,得到了新西兰南岛北部KHZ台站下3个横波分裂界面深度.

Finite-Difference Time-Domain Methodin the Study of Eigenvalues of Coaxial Cavities

Aprogram applying an algorithm of finite-difference time-domain method is established that can be used to calculate the resonant frequencies of cavities of arbitrary modes, coupled with the discrete Fourier transform. Several coaxial resonators including the empty coaxial cavity, re-enrant coaxial cavity and partially stepped resonator are studied with this method, especially the spurious mode resonant frequencies of coaxial cavi- ties. The numerical results thus obtained are shown to be in excellent agreement with those obtainable through rigorous theoretical solutions and experiment results.

Iterative identification of discrete-time output-error model with time delay

The problem of discrete-time model identification of industrial processes with time delay was investigated.An iterative and separable method is proposed to solve this problem,that is,the rational transfer function model parameters and time delay are alternately fixed to estimate each other.The instrumental variable technique is applied to guarantee consistent estimation against measurement noise.A noteworthy merit of the proposed method is that it can handle fractional time delay estimation,compared to existing methods commonly assuming that the time delay is an integer multiple of the sampling interval.The identifiability analysis for time delay is addressed and correspondingly,some guidelines are provided for practical implementation of the proposed method.Numerical and experimental examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Numerical Simulation of Char Particle Gasification

A first principal modeling of the gasification of a char particle is performed using single step mechanism. The char particle is considered to be spherical in shape and only the physical and chemical properties can change in the radial direction. The carbon dioxide is used as the gasification agent that reacts with the char and form carbon monoxide. The presence of both solid and gaseous phase species makes the reaction heterogeneous. The char particle is considered with varying porosity that also allows the change in the surface area of the particle. A time invariant temperature and pressure profile is used at which the Arrhenius rate constant and diffusion is calculated. The mass conservation of model results in the form of two coupled partial differential and one ordinary differential equation. The equations are solved with a set of initial and boundary conditions using the bulk species concentration at the particle surface. A second order accurate central differencing scheme is used to discretize space while backward differencing is used to discretize time. Finally, the results are presented for the concentration distribution of CO and CO2 in radial direction with respect to time. It shows that, maximum concentration of CO is present at the center of the particle while the concentration gradient becomes higher near the particle surface. The nonlinear concentration trend due to the diffusion is effectively captured. The results show that, completed conversion of char depend upon the time provided for the reaction which can be reduced by decreasing the size of particle or increasing the reaction temperature. The sensitivity study of temperature and initial porosity also performed and showed that temperature has high impact on char conversion as compare to initial porosity.

Analysis of the local discontinuous Galerkin method for the drift-diffusion model of semiconductor devices

We consider the drift-diffusion （DD） model of one dimensional semiconductor devices, which is a system involving not only first derivative convection terms but also second derivative diffusion terms and a coupled Poisson potential equation. Optimal error estimates are obtained for both the semi-discrete and fully discrete local discontinuous Galerkin （LDG） schemes with smooth solutions. In the fully discrete scheme, we couple the implicit-explicit （IMEX） time discretization with the LDG spatial diseretization, in order to allow larger time steps and to save computational cost. The main technical difficulty in the analysis is to treat the inter-element jump terms which arise from the discontinuous nature of the numerical method and the nonlinearity and coupling of the models. A simulation is also performed to validate the analysis.

MULTI-PERIOD MEAN-VARIANCE PORTFOLIO SELECTION WITH MARKOV REGIME SWITCHING AND UNCERTAIN TIME-HORIZON

This paper investigates a multi-period mean-variance portfolio selection with regime switching and uncertain exit time. The returns of assets all depend on the states of the stochastic market which are assumed to follow a discrete-time Markov chain. The authors derive the optimal strategy and the efficient frontier of the model in closed-form. Some results in the existing literature are obtained as special cases of our results.

DISCRETE-TIME EPIDEMIC DYNAMICS WITH AWARENESS IN RANDOM NETWORKS

Human behavioral responses fundamentally influence the spread of infectious disease. In this paper, we study a discrete-time SIS epidemic process in random networks. Three forms of individual awareness, namely, local awareness, global awareness and contact awareness, are considered. The effect of awareness is to reduce the risk of infection. [3ased on the stability theory of matrix difference equation, we derive analytically the epidemic threshold. It is found that both local and contact awareness can raise the epidemic threshold, while the global awareness only decreases the epidemic prevalence. Our results are in line with a recent result using differential equation-based methods.

ALMOST PERIODIC SOLUTION FOR A DISCRETE HEMATOPOIESIS MODEL WITH TIME DELAY

In this paper, we consider the discrete Hematopoiesis model with a time delay： x（n＋1）-x（n）=-r（n）x（n）＋a（n）/（1＋x^u（n-r）） Sufficient conditions for the existence of a unique uniformly asymptotically stable positive almost periodic solution are obtained by the work of IS. N. Zhang, G. Zheng, Almost periodic solutions of delay difference systems, Appl. Math. Comput. 131 （2002） 497 516]. Some examples are considered to illustrate the main results.